Unit 2 test

Because the way of conquering them [Native Americans] is much more easy then of civilizing them by fair means, for they are a rude, barbarous, and naked people, scattered in small companies, which are helps to Victory, but hindrances to Civility: Besides that, a conquest may be of many, and at once; but civility is in particular, and slow, the effect of a long time and great industry. Moreover, victory of them may be gained many ways; by force, by surprise, by famine in burning their Corn, by destroying and burning their Boats, Canoes, and Houses, by breaking their fishing Wares, by assailing them in their huntings, whereby they get the greatest part of their sustenance in Winter, by pursuing them and chasing them with our horses, and blood-Hounds to draw after them and Mastiffs to tear them, which take this naked, tanned, deformed Sausages, for no other than wild beasts, and are so fierce and fell upon them, that they fear them worse than their old Devil which they worship, supposed them to be a new and worse kind of Devils then their own. By these and sundry other ways, as by driving them (when they flee) upon their enemies, who are round about them, and by animating and abetting their enemies against them, may their ruin or subjection be soon effected." The excerpt best offers evidence of which predominant attitude of the English colonists in the Chesapeake region toward the Native Americans by the 1620s? (A) Being neither English nor Christian, Native Americans were inferior, in the eyes of the colonists. (B) The colonists had admiration for the Native Americans' ability to live off the land. (C) The colonists believed the Native Americans were still capable of being civilized according to European standards (D) The colonists felt that Native American societies were elaborate and sophisticated.

(A) Being neither English nor Christian, Native Americans were inferior, in the eyes of the colonists.

Middle passage map During the 1600s, the socioeconomic status of individuals transported to southeastern North America through the system shown on this map was most similar to that of which of the following groups? (A) Enslaved Caribbean plantation laborers (B) New England subsistence farmers (C) Southern indentured servants (D) Native Americans of the encomienda system

(A) Enslaved Caribbean plantation laborers

Middle Passage Map Which of the following most contributed to the end of the pattern of trade shown on this map by Americans? (A) Federal law barred the importation of enslaved laborers. (B) Development of the cotton gin lessened the economic importance of rice exports. (C) The Thirteenth Amendment constitutionally outlawed slavery. (D) The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in rebelling districts.

(A) Federal law barred the importation of enslaved laborers.

(Sud Mass Map) Based on the map's representation of a typical Puritan community, which best describes how social relations within the community might be affected in times of social stress or strain? (A) Mass hysteria could readily arise. (B) Traditional gender roles would certainly be upended. (C) Tensions over women's roles within Puritan society would decrease. (D) The communities would experience a decline in the influence of religion.

(A) Mass hysteria could readily arise.

"Politics in America was therefore profoundly different from politics in England in that it operated at two levels, the level of the provincial [colonial] governments and the level of the central government at "home" [in England]; and it was the latter - more distant, less palpable, and less predictable - that was the more important. Americans had learned to live with this fact very early in their political history. By the mideighteenth century a stable pattern of informal communications had emerged, linking political forces in America directly to the political forces in England capable of overturning decisions taken in the colonies by the resident executive [often the Royal Governor]." Which of the following developments in later U.S. politics most closely represented a continuity of the balance of political power discussed in this excerpt? (A) Southern states attempted to practice the doctrine of nullification in the mid-1800s. (B) The framers of the U.S. Constitution spread authority between central and state governments. (C) New Deal programs of the 1930s led to a rise in popular support for federal involvement at the local level. (D) Policies favoring isolation and neutrality limited U.S. engagement in foreign affairs for decades following Washington's administration.

(A) Southern states attempted to practice the doctrine of nullification in the mid-1800s.

"Various are the reports and conjectures of the causes of the present Indian war. Some impute it to an imprudent zeal in the magistrates of Boston to Christianize those heathen before they were civilized and enjoying them the strict observation of their laws, which, to a people so rude and licentious, hath proved even intolerable, and that the more, for that while the magistrates, for their profit, put the laws severely in execution against the Indians, the people, on the other side, for lucre and gain, entice and provoke the Indians to the breach thereof, especially to drunkenness, to which those people are so generally addicted that they will strip themselves to their skin to have their fill of rum and brandy.... ...the English have contributed much to their misfortunes, for they first taught the Indians the use of arms, and admitted them to be present at all their musters and trainings, and showed them how to handle, mend and fix their muskets, and have been furnished with all sorts of arms by permission of the government...." The New England colonists' general idea of "civilizing" the Native American, as alluded to in the above excerpt, most directly reflects which of the following Puritan ideals? (A) That the Puritans were establishing a conscientious community of holiness, which would serve as a beacon and model to others around the world (B) That the Puritans were establishing a community based on separation of Church and State, which model the Native American tribal societies did not follow (C) That moral societies were based on strict judicial systems, and the Native Americans enforced their laws in too random a manner (D) That at birth, people were predestined for either salvation or damnation

(A) That the Puritans were establishing a conscientious community of holiness, which would serve as a beacon and model to others around the world

Non-Indian population of the Chesapeake, 1607-1700 The economic issues reflected by the differing population trends in the Chesapeake region by the last two decades most immediately point to which of the following? (A) The beginnings of regionalism and sectionalism (B) Decreased conflict with Native Americans over land (C) Diversification among all colonies, with some turning to mechanized industry over agriculture (D) Immediate conflict between the New England and Chesapeake colonies over the use of slave labor

(A) The beginnings of regionalism and sectionalism

"Various are the reports and conjectures of the causes of the present Indian war. Some impute it to an imprudent zeal in the magistrates of Boston to Christianize those heathen before they were civilized and enjoying them the strict observation of their laws, which, to a people so rude and licentious, hath proved even intolerable, and that the more, for that while the magistrates, for their profit, put the laws severely in execution against the Indians, the people, on the other side, for lucre and gain, entice and provoke the Indians to the breach thereof, especially to drunkenness, to which those people are so generally addicted that they will strip themselves to their skin to have their fill of rum and brandy.... ...the English have contributed much to their misfortunes, for they first taught the Indians the use of arms, and admitted them to be present at all their musters and trainings, and showed them how to handle, mend and fix their muskets, and have been furnished with all sorts of arms by permission of the government...." The above excerpt best supports which of the following arguments regarding warfare between the Native Americans and American colonists, in general? (A) The colonists' supplying arms and alcohol to Native Americans made Native Americans more destructive in warfare. (B) The colonists were well-disciplined in their warfare, while Native American warfare became more disorganized and undisciplined. (C) The increased precision of firearms and the dependency of many Native Americans on alcohol made warfare less ferocious. (D) More truces occurred, as the colonists found they could build wealth in their trade with the Native Americans.

(A) The colonists' supplying arms and alcohol to Native Americans made Native Americans more destructive in warfare.

Non-Indian population of the Chesapeake, 1607-1700 Which of the following can best be seen as a turning point in the economy of the southern states in the mid-19th century, which parallels a similar development being reflected by the data in the above graph? (A) The development of growing short-staple cotton (B) Diversification of their agricultural products by growing sugar, rice, and indigo (C) The movement to western lands (D) A flourishing of the rum and molasses trade

(A) The development of growing short-staple cotton

"Politics in America was therefore profoundly different from politics in England in that it operated at two levels, the level of the provincial [colonial] governments and the level of the central government at "home" [in England]; and it was the latter - more distant, less palpable, and less predictable - that was the more important. Americans had learned to live with this fact very early in their political history. By the mideighteenth century a stable pattern of informal communications had emerged, linking political forces in America directly to the political forces in England capable of overturning decisions taken in the colonies by the resident executive [often the Royal Governor]." How did the American "political forces" described by Bailyn find expression in New England during the 1600s and early 1700s? (A) Through community participation in town meetings (B) Through the emergence of powerful elected assemblies (C) Through the development of highly stratified socioeconomic classes (D) Through direct resistance against imperial policies by committees of correspondence

(A) Through community participation in town meetings

Middle Passage Map One direct cause of the development of the system shown on this map was (A) the immense number of casualties suffered by those who traveled the Middle Passage. (B) a rising European demand for goods that created a colonial labor shortage (C) the spread of European infectious diseases such as smallpox to native American populations. (D) internal feuding and cultural divisions among tribal groups living in West Africa.

(A) the immense number of casualties suffered by those who traveled the Middle Passage.

"Various are the reports and conjectures of the causes of the present Indian war. Some impute it to an imprudent zeal in the magistrates of Boston to Christianize those heathen before they were civilized and enjoying them the strict observation of their laws, which, to a people so rude and licentious, hath proved even intolerable, and that the more, for that while the magistrates, for their profit, put the laws severely in execution against the Indians, the people, on the other side, for lucre and gain, entice and provoke the Indians to the breach thereof, especially to drunkenness, to which those people are so generally addicted that they will strip themselves to their skin to have their fill of rum and brandy.... ...the English have contributed much to their misfortunes, for they first taught the Indians the use of arms, and admitted them to be present at all their musters and trainings, and showed them how to handle, mend and fix their muskets, and have been furnished with all sorts of arms by permission of the government...." The above excerpt best provides evidence of which of the following deep concerns of Native Americans against the New England colonists? (A) English fur traders' continuing efforts to cause drunkenness among the Native Americans to cheat them (B) Efforts by the New England governments to impose English law on Native Americans (C) New England settlements' strategy to "divide and conquer" by pitting rival Native American tribes against each other (D) Continuing conflict between the New Englanders and the Dutch and French colonists threatening the peace and stability of relations between rival tribes

(B) Efforts by the New England governments to impose English law on Native Americans

(Sud Mass Map) What intellectual change in early 18th-century America most threatened traditional religious outlooks? (A) Emphasis on the concept of predestination (B) Explanation of the world through reason and science (C) Belief in the importance of education (D) Rejection of strict moral codes

(B) Explanation of the world through reason and science

"And whereas the enforcing of the conscience in matters of Religion hath frequently fallen out to be of dangerous Consequence in those commonwealths where it hath been practiced, And for the more quiet and peaceable government of this Province, and the better to preserve mutual Love and amity amongst the Inhabitants thereof, Be it Therefore also by the Lord Proprietary with the advice and consent of this Assembly Ordained and enacted (except as in this present Act is before Declared and set forth) that no person or persons whatsoever within this Province, or the Islands, Ports, Harbors, Creeks, or havens thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth be any ways troubled, Molested or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in the free exercise thereof within this Province or the Islands thereunto belonging nor any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other Religion against his or her consent, so as they be not unfaithful to the Lord Proprietary, or molest or conspire against the civil Government established or to be established in this Province under him or his heirs." Issues similar to that being discussed in the excerpt served as a basis for which American political principle formally established after the American Revolution? (A) Equal opportunity and social mobility (B) Freedom of religion and speech (C) Strong executive powers for the presidency (D) A bicameral legislature

(B) Freedom of religion and speech

"Politics in America was therefore profoundly different from politics in England in that it operated at two levels, the level of the provincial [colonial] governments and the level of the central government at "home" [in England]; and it was the latter - more distant, less palpable, and less predictable - that was the more important. Americans had learned to live with this fact very early in their political history. By the mideighteenth century a stable pattern of informal communications had emerged, linking political forces in America directly to the political forces in England capable of overturning decisions taken in the colonies by the resident executive [often the Royal Governor]." What was a long-term result of the struggle for political dominance referenced in this excerpt? (A) Sectional tensions between Northern and Southern states devolved into armed conflict during the Civil War. (B) Growing interest in westward expansion led to widespread support for the policy of Manifest Destiny. (C) Colonial political elites forcibly resisted constraints on their rights through the American Revolution. (D) The settlers of Plymouth colony established a system of self-government under the Mayflower Compact.

(B) Growing interest in westward expansion led to widespread support for the policy of Manifest Destiny.

Because the way of conquering them [Native Americans] is much more easy then of civilizing them by fair means, for they are a rude, barbarous, and naked people, scattered in small companies, which are helps to Victory, but hindrances to Civility: Besides that, a conquest may be of many, and at once; but civility is in particular, and slow, the effect of a long time and great industry. Moreover, victory of them may be gained many ways; by force, by surprise, by famine in burning their Corn, by destroying and burning their Boats, Canoes, and Houses, by breaking their fishing Wares, by assailing them in their huntings, whereby they get the greatest part of their sustenance in Winter, by pursuing them and chasing them with our horses, and blood-Hounds to draw after them and Mastiffs to tear them, which take this naked, tanned, deformed Sausages, for no other than wild beasts, and are so fierce and fell upon them, that they fear them worse than their old Devil which they worship, supposed them to be a new and worse kind of Devils then their own. By these and sundry other ways, as by driving them (when they flee) upon their enemies, who are round about them, and by animating and abetting their enemies against them, may their ruin or subjection be soon effected." What was the immediate effect of the emergence of the tobacco economy in the Chesapeake region on the Native Americans? (A) Depletion of the soil from tobacco cultivation (B) Loss of land due to encroachments by tobacco farmers (C) Arrival of more settlers for labor on tobacco farms (D) Increased military attacks by the English on Native settlements

(B) Loss of land due to encroachments by tobacco farmers

"Whereas notwithstanding divers acts made for the encouragement of the navigation of this kingdom, . . . great abuses are daily committed to the prejudice of the English navigation, and the loss of a great part of the plantation trade to this kingdom, by the artifice and cunning of ill-disposed persons; for remedy whereof for the future. . . . II. Be it enacted, . . . no goods or merchandises whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation . . . or carried from any one port or place in the said colonies or plantations to any other, ...in any ship or bottom but what is or shall be of the built of England, ... or the said colonies or plantations, and wholly owned by the people thereof." The ideas in the document most clearly show the influence of which of the following? (A) The decline of monarchy as a viable system of government (B) The growing autonomy of the colonists (C) The increasing influence of England over all of the colonies (D) The expanding importance of the Atlantic World

(B) The growing autonomy of the colonists

"The slaves' weapons were many, and after a century in the tobacco fields they extended beyond revolt, maroonage [running away to live in secret communities], and truancy, for slaves understood the processes of tobacco cultivation as well as any owner. That many [slave] quarters took their names from the slave patriarchs or matriarchs who were their central figures and who often served as their foreman and occasionally as their forewoman suggests the degree to which black people had gained control over their work and lives. As knowledgeable agriculturalists, these men and women appreciated how their strategic interventions could destroy a season's crop and ruin their owners." Berlin's argument most supports which of the following views regarding the colonial Chesapeake-area slaves? (A) They relied solely on the owners for any gain in the quality of their life. (B) They fought for rights within their sphere of influence. (C) African American societies on the tobacco plantation were leaderless and disorganized. (D) Revolt, maroonage, and truancy were the only means the African American slave community had for asserting itself within the plantation.

(B) They fought for rights within their sphere of influence.

"The slaves' weapons were many, and after a century in the tobacco fields they extended beyond revolt, maroonage [running away to live in secret communities], and truancy, for slaves understood the processes of tobacco cultivation as well as any owner. That many [slave] quarters took their names from the slave patriarchs or matriarchs who were their central figures and who often served as their foreman and occasionally as their forewoman suggests the degree to which black people had gained control over their work and lives. As knowledgeable agriculturalists, these men and women appreciated how their strategic interventions could destroy a season's crop and ruin their owners." Which of the following best describes the social attitude of the Chesapeake colonists, which most enabled them to establish perpetual slavery of African Americans? (A) A strong desire to compete with other European nationalities (B) Strong resentment of the individual freedoms enjoyed by Africans within their original societies (C) A strong belief in European racial and cultural superiority (D) A belief in the need for Christian conversion and salvation of Africans

(C) A strong belief in European racial and cultural superiority

"Various are the reports and conjectures of the causes of the present Indian war. Some impute it to an imprudent zeal in the magistrates of Boston to Christianize those heathen before they were civilized and enjoying them the strict observation of their laws, which, to a people so rude and licentious, hath proved even intolerable, and that the more, for that while the magistrates, for their profit, put the laws severely in execution against the Indians, the people, on the other side, for lucre and gain, entice and provoke the Indians to the breach thereof, especially to drunkenness, to which those people are so generally addicted that they will strip themselves to their skin to have their fill of rum and brandy.... ...the English have contributed much to their misfortunes, for they first taught the Indians the use of arms, and admitted them to be present at all their musters and trainings, and showed them how to handle, mend and fix their muskets, and have been furnished with all sorts of arms by permission of the government...." The above excerpt most directly reflects which predominant view of the Native American by the New England colonists by the mid- to late 1600s? (A) Native Americans were a free people from whom much could be learned. (B) Native Americans had an admirable system of law. (C) Native Americans were crude and ungodly. (D) Native Americans were civilized, but incapable of abiding by their own laws

(C) Native Americans were crude and ungodly.

Non-Indian population of the Chesapeake, 1607-1700 Which of the following aspects of English colonization most directly led to the change in population as reflected by the graph above? (A) Many English colonists initially came to the New World in a race for finding rare metals. (B) English mercantilism led to the creation of new markets. (C) Some English colonists turned to labor-intensive cash-crop agriculture for income. (D) The English colonists 'costly hostilities with local American Indian tribes led to a decrease in the white population.

(C) Some English colonists turned to labor-intensive cash-crop agriculture for income.

"And whereas the enforcing of the conscience in matters of Religion hath frequently fallen out to be of dangerous Consequence in those commonwealths where it hath been practiced, And for the more quiet and peaceable government of this Province, and the better to preserve mutual Love and amity amongst the Inhabitants thereof, Be it Therefore also by the Lord Proprietary with the advice and consent of this Assembly Ordained and enacted (except as in this present Act is before Declared and set forth) that no person or persons whatsoever within this Province, or the Islands, Ports, Harbors, Creeks, or havens thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth be any ways troubled, Molested or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in the free exercise thereof within this Province or the Islands thereunto belonging nor any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other Religion against his or her consent, so as they be not unfaithful to the Lord Proprietary, or molest or conspire against the civil Government established or to be established in this Province under him or his heirs." Which of the following colonies in the Americas treated religious groups in a manner most similar to that proposed by this act? (A) Massachusetts Bay, which required strict adherence to Puritan values (B) Pennsylvania, which sought to express and protect Quaker beliefs of pacifism (C) South Carolina, which developed an early African American majority population (D) Virginia, which was largely a stronghold of Anglican theology

(C) South Carolina, which developed an early African American majority population

(Sud Mass Map) What Puritan goal is best represented by the town structure shown in the map? (A) To allow division of property based on the English system of primogeniture (B) To allow an ethnically and religiously diverse community to develop (C) To create a community of like minded religious believers centered around a church meeting house (D) To encourage expansion from the community center as it's population increased

(C) To create a community of like minded religious believers centered around a church meeting house

(Sud Mass Map) The map best supports which of the following regarding the system of governance in the Puritan community? (A) Local affairs were controlled by the English parliament. (B) Government was secular with no religious influence. (C) Towns enjoyed freedom and autonomy in regulating their own affairs. (D) Participation in government was based primarily on property ownership.

(C) Towns enjoyed freedom and autonomy in regulating their own affairs.

Because the way of conquering them [Native Americans] is much more easy then of civilizing them by fair means, for they are a rude, barbarous, and naked people, scattered in small companies, which are helps to Victory, but hindrances to Civility: Besides that, a conquest may be of many, and at once; but civility is in particular, and slow, the effect of a long time and great industry. Moreover, victory of them may be gained many ways; by force, by surprise, by famine in burning their Corn, by destroying and burning their Boats, Canoes, and Houses, by breaking their fishing Wares, by assailing them in their huntings, whereby they get the greatest part of their sustenance in Winter, by pursuing them and chasing them with our horses, and blood-Hounds to draw after them and Mastiffs to tear them, which take this naked, tanned, deformed Sausages, for no other than wild beasts, and are so fierce and fell upon them, that they fear them worse than their old Devil which they worship, supposed them to be a new and worse kind of Devils then their own. By these and sundry other ways, as by driving them (when they flee) upon their enemies, who are round about them, and by animating and abetting their enemies against them, may their ruin or subjection be soon effected." The excerpt best offers evidence of what development in the relationship between the English colonists in the Chesapeake region and the Native Americans by the 1620s? (A) Peaceful intermixing of cultures (B) Conversion of the Native Americans to Christianity (C) Warfare and violent conflict (D) Discovery of tobacco as a marketable crop

(C) Warfare and violent conflict

Non-Indian population of the Chesapeake, 1607-1700 The difference in growth rate between the white and black populations in the Chesapeake region in the last two decades of the 17th century can best be traced to (A) a dramatic increase in indentured servitude (B) political instability in England (C) the growth of tobacco as a viable cash crop (D) the enslavement of Native Americans

(C) the growth of tobacco as a viable cash crop

"And whereas the enforcing of the conscience in matters of Religion hath frequently fallen out to be of dangerous Consequence in those commonwealths where it hath been practiced, And for the more quiet and peaceable government of this Province, and the better to preserve mutual Love and amity amongst the Inhabitants thereof, Be it Therefore also by the Lord Proprietary with the advice and consent of this Assembly Ordained and enacted (except as in this present Act is before Declared and set forth) that no person or persons whatsoever within this Province, or the Islands, Ports, Harbors, Creeks, or havens thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth be any ways troubled, Molested or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in the free exercise thereof within this Province or the Islands thereunto belonging nor any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other Religion against his or her consent, so as they be not unfaithful to the Lord Proprietary, or molest or conspire against the civil Government established or to be established in this Province under him or his heirs." The passage of the Act best reflects which issue that plagued Europe at the time and was a push factor for European emigration to the American colonies? (A) Agreement by Puritan leaders to form a civil body in the Mayflower Compact (B) Conflicts between the establishment of proprietary rather than royal colonies (C) Conflict between Protestants and Catholics (D) A wave of revived religious sentiment arising from the Great Awakening

(D) A wave of revived religious sentiment arising from the Great Awakening

"Politics in America was therefore profoundly different from politics in England in that it operated at two levels, the level of the provincial [colonial] governments and the level of the central government at "home" [in England]; and it was the latter - more distant, less palpable, and less predictable - that was the more important. Americans had learned to live with this fact very early in their political history. By the mideighteenth century a stable pattern of informal communications had emerged, linking political forces in America directly to the political forces in England capable of overturning decisions taken in the colonies by the resident executive [often the Royal Governor]." Along with the factors described by Bailyn in this excerpt, which of the following most contributed to the nature of the royal government's involvement in the American colonies during the early 1700s? (A) Evolution of an indifference toward colonial affairs (B) American boycotts of English trade goods (C) Trans-Atlantic engagement in the African slave trade (D) Colonial contributions to the economic system of mercantilism

(D) Colonial contributions to the economic system of mercantilism

"The slaves' weapons were many, and after a century in the tobacco fields they extended beyond revolt, maroonage [running away to live in secret communities], and truancy, for slaves understood the processes of tobacco cultivation as well as any owner. That many [slave] quarters took their names from the slave patriarchs or matriarchs who were their central figures and who often served as their foreman and occasionally as their forewoman suggests the degree to which black people had gained control over their work and lives. As knowledgeable agriculturalists, these men and women appreciated how their strategic interventions could destroy a season's crop and ruin their owners." Which activities of enslaved African-Americans in the 19th century most closely resemble the activities Berlin describes? (A) Supporting the abolition movement (B) Educating themselves; learning to read and write (C) Learning to operate more advanced farm machinery (D) Creating communities and strategies to protect their dignity

(D) Creating communities and strategies to protect their dignity

"Whereas notwithstanding divers acts made for the encouragement of the navigation of this kingdom, . . . great abuses are daily committed to the prejudice of the English navigation, and the loss of a great part of the plantation trade to this kingdom, by the artifice and cunning of ill-disposed persons; for remedy whereof for the future. . . . II. Be it enacted, . . . no goods or merchandises whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation . . . or carried from any one port or place in the said colonies or plantations to any other, ...in any ship or bottom but what is or shall be of the built of England, ... or the said colonies or plantations, and wholly owned by the people thereof." Which of the following groups would most likely have supported the Navigation Acts? (A) Colonial loyalists (B) New England merchants (C) Southern plantation owners (D) English mercantilists

(D) English mercantilists

Middle Passage Map The patterns shown on this map would be of the greatest interest to a historian studying which of the following historical processes? (A) Development of black codes in response to slave resistance movements in the South (B) Emergence of distinctive colonial regions within the area controlled by Great Britain (C) Solidification of sectionalism as a driving force in U.S. politics and economics (D) Growth of pluralistic and blending of cultural characteristics across the Americas

(D) Growth of pluralistic and blending of cultural characteristics across the Americas

(Sud Mass Map) How was the general community structure in the southern English colonies different from that of the Puritan communities? (A) Plantations physically connected to cities vs. small farm plots within town communities (B) Large plantations shared by various family owners vs. individual farms (C) Large metropolitan areas vs. towns (D) Isolated plantations vs. town communities

(D) Isolated plantations vs. town communities

"Politics in America was therefore profoundly different from politics in England in that it operated at two levels, the level of the provincial [colonial] governments and the level of the central government at "home" [in England]; and it was the latter - more distant, less palpable, and less predictable - that was the more important. Americans had learned to live with this fact very early in their political history. By the mideighteenth century a stable pattern of informal communications had emerged, linking political forces in America directly to the political forces in England capable of overturning decisions taken in the colonies by the resident executive [often the Royal Governor]." Which can best be seen as a turning point marking a significant shift from the British policies towards its American colonies described in the excerpt? (A)The Glorious Revolution began a period of renewed vigor in the English monarchy. (B)Worries over competition for land with Florida led to the establishment of buffer colonies such as Georgia. (C) Immense popularity of beaver fur in Europe contributed to environmental change in the Americas. (D) The British victory in the French and Indian War came at heavy economic costs.

(D) The British victory in the French and Indian War came at heavy economic costs.

Middle Passage Map By the Antebellum period, which of the following groups was most likely to oppose the labor system that evolved due to the development shown on this map? (A) Spanish plantation owners in the West Indies who relied mostly on indigenous forced laborers. (B) Native American groups who experienced persecution and land losses due to European expansion. (C) Northern manufacturers who were unlikely to use enslaved labor in their workshops. (D) U.S. abolitionists who saw slavery as contradictory to American democratic ideals.

(D) U.S. abolitionists who saw slavery as contradictory to American democratic ideals.

"The slaves' weapons were many, and after a century in the tobacco fields they extended beyond revolt, maroonage [running away to live in secret communities], and truancy, for slaves understood the processes of tobacco cultivation as well as any owner. That many [slave] quarters took their names from the slave patriarchs or matriarchs who were their central figures and who often served as their foreman and occasionally as their forewoman suggests the degree to which black people had gained control over their work and lives. As knowledgeable agriculturalists, these men and women appreciated how their strategic interventions could destroy a season's crop and ruin their owners." The evidence in the excerpt about the nature of slavery in the Chesapeake region is most closely tied to the early 1700s because of (A) the slave patriarchs and matriarchs sharing power equally with the owners regarding plantation operations during this period (B) the slaves being native to America and not imported from Africa or the West Indies (C) the development of mechanized farming techniques and crop rotation (D) the emerging importance of commodities to sell in Europe, such as tobacco

(D) the emerging importance of commodities to sell in Europe, such as tobacco

"Whereas notwithstanding divers acts made for the encouragement of the navigation of this kingdom, . . . great abuses are daily committed to the prejudice of the English navigation, and the loss of a great part of the plantation trade to this kingdom, by the artifice and cunning of ill-disposed persons; for remedy whereof for the future. . . . II. Be it enacted, . . . no goods or merchandises whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation . . . or carried from any one port or place in the said colonies or plantations to any other, ...in any ship or bottom but what is or shall be of the built of England, ... or the said colonies or plantations, and wholly owned by the people thereof." The passage of the Navigation Act of 1696 and other similar legislation by the English Parliament most directly resulted from (A) successful continuance of the English mercantilist system (B) an effort to control the transatlantic slave trade (C) open rebellion and disobedience by Royally appointed colonial governors (D) widespread, but unorganized, colonial resistance to English economic policies

(D) widespread, but unorganized, colonial resistance to English economic policies

"Whereas notwithstanding divers acts made for the encouragement of the navigation of this kingdom, . . . great abuses are daily committed to the prejudice of the English navigation, and the loss of a great part of the plantation trade to this kingdom, by the artifice and cunning of ill-disposed persons; for remedy whereof for the future. . . . II. Be it enacted, . . . no goods or merchandises whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation . . . or carried from any one port or place in the said colonies or plantations to any other, ...in any ship or bottom but what is or shall be of the built of England, ... or the said colonies or plantations, and wholly owned by the people thereof." Which of the following activities from the mid- to late 18th century most closely parallels the motivations in the document above? (A) The passage of colonial taxes by Parliament after the Seven Years' War (B) The colonists moving onto American Indian lands in defiance of Parliamentary law (C) The persecution of British loyalists by colonial rebels during the American Revolution (D) The organization of the colonies around Enlightenment ideals such as the rights of the individual

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Because the way of conquering them [Native Americans] is much more easy then of civilizing them by fair means, for they are a rude, barbarous, and naked people, scattered in small companies, which are helps to Victory, but hindrances to Civility: Besides that, a conquest may be of many, and at once; but civility is in particular, and slow, the effect of a long time and great industry. Moreover, victory of them may be gained many ways; by force, by surprise, by famine in burning their Corn, by destroying and burning their Boats, Canoes, and Houses, by breaking their fishing Wares, by assailing them in their huntings, whereby they get the greatest part of their sustenance in Winter, by pursuing them and chasing them with our horses, and blood-Hounds to draw after them and Mastiffs to tear them, which take this naked, tanned, deformed Sausages, for no other than wild beasts, and are so fierce and fell upon them, that they fear them worse than their old Devil which they worship, supposed them to be a new and worse kind of Devils then their own. By these and sundry other ways, as by driving them (when they flee) upon their enemies, who are round about them, and by animating and abetting their enemies against them, may their ruin or subjection be soon effected." The evidence in the excerpt best supports which of the following arguments regarding Native American and colonial conflicts in the Chesapeake region by the mid- to late 1600s? (A) Native conflicts had ceased to be important. (B) The English government made no attempts to protect Native territories. (C) Border conflicts between the Native Americans and colonists increased. (D) Colonists avoided lands promised to the Natives and settled elsewhere.

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