Unit 3 College Board Quiz + Myers Questions

The drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are A. SSRIs B. benzodiazepines C. antipsychotics D. antihistamines E. stimulants

A. SSRI stands for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. In other words, SSRIs inhibit the reuptake mechanism for certain serotonin-releasing neurons.

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called A. the axon B. a dendrite C. a neurotransmitter D. the synaptic cleft E. the soma

B. Dendrites receive signals from other cells.

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is A. the terminal button B. the myelin sheath C. a dendrite D. the soma E. the synaptic cleft

B. The myelin sheath is a layer of fatty cells encasing the axon that allows the neuronal impulse to be faster and more efficient.

A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as A. a hallucinogen, because it has the reverse effect of an agonist B. an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter C. an antagonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter D. a reuptake inhibitor, because it increases activity of the central nervous system E. a stimulant, because it increases activity of the central nervous system

B. Agonists act as or intensify the effects of a particular neurotransmitter.

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the A. pancreas B. hypothalamus C. adrenal glands D. pineal gland E. thyroid

B. The hypothalamus interacts with the nervous system and regulates the release of hormones across the entire body.

The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as A. the latent stage B. the refractory period C. the reticular formation D. depolarization E. the neurotransmitter

B. The refractory period is the brief period after firing when a neuron cannot fire again.

Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety? Responses A. The central nervous system B. The sympathetic nervous system C. The parasympathetic nervous system D. The endocrine system E. The vestibular system

B. The sympathetic nervous system controls the fight-or-flight response, which occurs in response to a perceived threat.

Which chemical is most closely associated with sleep? A. Cortisol B. Oxytocin C. Melatonin D. Testosterone E. Estrogen

C. Melatonin is associated with sleep

Abnormalities in calcium regulation are most likely to arise from problems with A. the gonads B. the thymus C. the parathyroid gland D. the hypothalamus E. the pineal gland

C. The parathyroid plays an important role in calcium regulation.

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in A. driving a car B. reading a textbook C. sensing painful stimuli D. digesting food E. experiencing pain

D. The autonomic nervous system controls internal activities of the organs, such as food digestion.

Which of the following is classified as an antagonist? A. Cocaine, because it floods the brain with dopamine. B. Mescaline, because it floods the brain with dopamine. C. An amphetamine, because they lead to increased central nervous system activity. D. A tricyclic antidepressant, because they block serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. E. Prozac®, because it blocks the reuptake of serotonin.

D. Antagonists are drugs that block receptors.

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called A. depolarization B. lateral inhibition C. long-term potentiation D. reuptake E. synaptic transmission

D. Reuptake refers to the reabsorption of neurotransmitters that are not transmitted to other cells postfiring.

Which of the following is true about the pons? A. It is closely associated with judgment, higher-order cognition, and personality. B. It functions as a bridge between the two hemispheres. C. It is associated with hormones and the endocrine system. D. It is associated with visual processing. E. It is the region of the brain that is most closely associated with sleep and arousal.

E. The pons is associated with sleep and arousal, and acts as a bridge between other areas of the brain.

The person most strongly associated with identifying deficits in the motor speech area and in the ability to produce speech is A. Noam Chomsky B. Wilhelm Wundt C. Edward Thorndike D. Carl Wernicke E. Paul Broca

E. Paul Broca studied two patients with lesions in the left frontal cortex and difficulties in speech production, which resulted in the naming of Broca's aphasia.

Brain lateralization refers to the A. ability of the brain to process multisensory information B. capacity of the brain to control basic motor movements C. aptitude of the brain to produce speech D. ability of the brain to control basic functions such as respiration and blood circulation E. hemisphere of the brain or the other

E. This is the definition of brain lateralization.