Unit 3- Energy and Momentum Master Key, Unit 2 Force and Motion Test Review, Mid Term Test review physics, Unit 04: Motion in 2D Practice Test (Just what is covered through the Midterm), 1/2 2

The acceleration of the cart shown above is represented in the given graph. If a second block is added to the cart, what might be the resulting acceleration?

0.27 m/s²

A train car with a mass of 3.00•104 kg traveling north at 1.5 m/s collides and couples with a 3.20•104 kg train car going south at 0.80 m/s. What is the velocity of the coupled cars after the collision?

0.31 m/s north

How many milliliters will it take to fill a 2.00 L bottle that already contains 1.87 L of water?

130. ml

A car initially traveling at a speed of 16.0 m/s accelerates uniformly to a speed of 20.0 m/s over a distance of 36.0 meters.What is the car's rate of acceleration?

2.00 m/s²

A net force of 10.0 N acts on a 5.00 kg object. What acceleration does this net force cause on the object?

2.00 m/s²

A rowboat has a momentum of 240 kgm/s. If the rowboat has a mass of 115 kg, what is its speed?

2.1 m/s

The speed of a wagon increases from 2.5 meters per second to 9.0 meters per second in 3.0 seconds as it accelerates uniformly down a hill. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the wagon during this 3.0-second interval?

2.2 m/s²

The weight of a BMW Z-3 1.9 roadster is approximately 2,350 pounds. The weight expressed in scientific notation is:

2.35 • 10³ pounds

You are the science officer on a visit to a distant solar system. Prior to landing on a planet you measure its diameter to be 1.8•107 m. You have previously determined that the planet orbits 2.9•1011 m from its star with a period of 402 earth days. Once on the surface you find that the acceleration due to gravity is 19.5 m/s2. What are the masses of the planet and the star respectively?

2.4•10^25 kg, 1.2•10^31 kg

Convert 254 centimeters into meters.

2.54 meters

A 75 kg object traveling 15 m/s collides with and sticks to a 315 kg object initially at rest. What is the final velocity of the two objects?

2.88 m/s

A spring scale reads 20 newtons as it pulls a 5.0 kilogram mass across a table. What is the magnitude of the force exerted by the mass on the spring scale?

20 N

A student pulls a 60 Newton sled with a force of 20 Newtons. What is the magnitude of the force that the sled exerts on the student?

20 N

The length of a new pencil is closest to:

20 centimeters

A 0.05 kg bullet is fired from a 4.0 kg rifle that is initially at rest. If the bullet leaves the rifle with a momentum having a magnitude of 20 kgm/s, the rifle will recoil with a momentum of having a magnitude of

20 kgm/s

The graph shows the acceleration of a car over time. If the car starts from rest, what is the velocity of the car after 5 seconds?

20 m/s

What approximate speed can a 1000.0 kg car travel around a horizontal unbanked curve whose radius is 0.20 km if the tires are capable of exerting a maximum frictional force of 4500 N?

20 m/s

The graph represents the motion of a car moving linearly. When is the car moving backwards?

20 s to 40 s

Which graph best represents the relationship between the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration and the speed of an object moving in a circle of constant radius?

2nd graph

Which free-body diagram best represents a cart slowing down as it travels to the right on a horizontal surface?

2nd option more on the left side

The thickness of a physics textbook is measured and recorded as 0.0380 m. The number of significant figures in this measurement is ...

3

A 1,000 kg cannon fires a 10 kg projectile horizontally at a velocity of 300 m/s. What is the magnitude of the recoil velocity of the cannon?

3 m/s

If the average speed of a drag racing car is 0.069 kilometers per second, how long would it take the car to complete a 1/4 km (0.25 km) straight track?

3.6 seconds

If we were to write 365 kg in scientific notation, it would look like

3.65 x 102 kg

A dogsled team has a total momentum of 1710 kgm/s. If the team has a total mass of 450 kg, what is its speed?

3.8 m/s

A mass of m1 = 0.5 kg is sitting on a horizontal surface which has a coefficient of sliding friction of μk = 0.8. How much force needs to be applied to this mass so as to pull the mass at a constant speed?

3.9 newtons

Which of the following is a vector quantity?

30 mph northwest

How much gravitational potential energy does a 20.0 kg paint can have sitting on a shelf 2.00 meters high?

392 J

Mithra is an unknown planet that has two moons, A and B, in circular orbits around it. The table summarizes the hypothetical data about these moons. What is the approximate mass of Mithra?

3•10^23 kg

Three students mass an item using three different scales. The first student reports a mass of 20.03 grams.The second student reports a mass of 20.0 grams. The last student reports a massof 0.02303 kg. How many significant digits should be reported for each of the measurements?

4 , 2 and 4

Centripetal force Fc acts on a car going around a curve. If the speed of the car were twice as great, the magnitude of the centripetal force necessary to keep the car moving in the same path would be?

4Fc

A student obtains data on the magnitude of force applied to an object as a function of time and displays the data on the graph above. The slope of the "best fit" straight line is most nearly

5 N/s

The diagram above shows the velocities of two cyclists. From the frame of reference of cyclist 2, what is the speed of cyclist 1?

5 m/s west

The distance moved by an object moving in one dimension is plotted here as a function of time. From this curve we can determine the average speed of the object between 6.0 and 8.0seconds to be

5.0 cm/s

A 6.0 kg ball of clay traveling at 10.0 m/s collides with a 10.0 kg ball of clay traveling in the same direction at 2.0 m/s. What is their combined speed if the two balls stick together when they touch?

5.0 m/s

A net force of 20.0 N causes an object to experience an acceleration of 4.00 m/s². What is the mass of the object?

5.00 kg

What is the mass of a rock that weighs 49.1 Newtons?

5.00 kg

If scientific notation were used to represent the number 5,280, it would be written:

5.28 • 10³

A car travels a total distance of 100 km. The speed is 30km/hr for one part of the trip, and 60 km/hr for the remainder of the trip. If it takes 2.00 hours to make the entire trip, the average speed is

50 km/hr

A diver with a mass of 80.0 kg dives off a platform. His velocity just before striking the water is 14.0 m/s. What is his kinetic energy at that moment?

7,840 J

A 1.0 kg model rocket's engine is designed to deliver an impulse of 6.0 Newton-seconds. If the rocket engine burns for 0.75 seconds, what average force does it produce?

8.0 N

A stone of mass 1.0 kg and weight of 9.8 N falls through the air. The air resistance acting on the stone is 1.8 N. What is the acceleration of the stone?

8.0 m/s²

Marvin the Martian (mass = 35.0 kg) has a weight of 280.0 Newtons on the surface of Planet X. What is the acceleration due to gravity on Planet X?

8.00 m/s²

A small insect collides and sticks to the windshield of a large car in a head on collision. The magnitudes of the

I, II and IV only

The chart above represents the work output and the time to do the work for four machines. For which machine is the power output least?

II

Which car in the data table above has the greatest momentum?

III

The chart above represents the work output and the time to do the work for four machines. For which machine is the power output greatest?

IV

The chart above represents the work output and the time to do the work for four machines. Which machine in the table above is the most efficient?

IV

Which graph shows a positive acceleration?

IV

The Law of Universal Gravitation was first proposed by

Isaac Newton

A billiard ball collides with a stationary identical billiard ball in an elastic head-on collision. After the collision, which is true of the first ball?`

It comes to rest

A spaceship is traveling to the Moon. At what point is it beyond the pull of Earth's gravity?

It is never beyond the pull of Earth's gravity.

The graph above represents the relationship between gravitational force and mass for objects near the surface of Earth. The slope of the graph represents the

acceleration due to gravity

Which diagram best represents the gravitational field lines surrounding Earth?

all arrows pointing in earth

Which of the following is an example of acceleration?

all of the above

The independent variable on a graph can be described as the variable:

all of the statements above

One possible unit of speed is

all of these listed are correct

You are going south at 0.500 km/hr/s. This statement is an example of______________.

an acceleration vector

Power is measured in ____________________.

Watts

Which of the following is NOT considered a simple machine?

electric motor

The ability to do work is the definition of:

energy and is measured in joules

A man is pushing a baby stroller. Compared to the magnitude of the force exerted on the stroller by the man, the force exerted by the stroller on the man is...

equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

A rope horizontally pulls a massive object lying on a surface with friction with a constant velocity. What describes the force on the rope?

equal to the frictional force

A carefully designed test done under controlled conditions is called a[n]:

experiment

A father (100 kg) and his son (50 kg) are jogging at the same speed. Which statement is true about the kinetic energies (K) of the father and the son?

kinetic energy of the father = double the kinetic energy of the son

Which pair of graphs represent the correct relationship between displacement and the velocity of a moving object?

last graph:The slope of a displacement time graph represents velocity. In this case the straight line with a positive slope represents a constant (unchanging) positive velocity.

A student on her way to school walks four blocks east, three blocks north, and another four blocks east, as shown in the diagram.

less

Compared to the distance she walks, the magnitude of her displacement from home to school is...

less

Compared to the force needed to start sliding a crate across a rough level floor, the force needed to keep it sliding once it is moving is

less

Of the following examples, the one that represents work as defined by a scientist is:

lifting a book from your desk.

When measuring how far an object travels in an amount of time, in which SI units would you report the measurements?

m and s

The diagram above represents two masses before and after they collide. Before the collision, mass mA is moving to the right with speed v, and mass mB is at rest. Upon collision, the two masses stick together. Which expression represents the speed, v', of the masses after the collision? [Assume no outside forces are acting on mA or mB.]

mAv / (mA + mB)

System variables can be observed and measured directly in a ____ scale.

macroscopic

A net force must be applied to an object in a frictionless environment to do all of the following EXCEPT

maintain constant speed

The formula for momentum is

mass • velocity

All of these are very important parts of studying physics EXCEPT:

memorizing complicated explanations.

Which of these is the SI unit for distance?

meter

Your normal stride as you walk or run would most closely approximate a:

meter

Which of the following are in the correct order from smallest to largest?

millimeter, centimeter, meter, kilometer

Two cars having different weights are traveling on a level surface at different constant velocities. Within the same time interval, greater force will always be required to stop the car that has the greater

momentum

In an inelastic collision, what quantities are conserved?

momentum only.

Pushing a book across a table demonstrates

sliding friction

On the graph above, the dependent variable is:

speed

The slope of a distance vs. time graph is equal to:

speed

Which of the following is a scalar quantity?

speed

As an object falls freely downward in a vacuum, its

speed increases

Compared to a 1.0 kilogram chunk of iron, a 1.0 kilogram piece of Styrofoam:

takes up more space

The horizontal force exerted on one surface by another when surfaces are in contact and in relative motion to one another is called

the Friction Force

A reaction force perpendicular to the surface creating it would be known as

the Normal Force or FN

In the equation Fg = G(m1m2) / r2, the letter G is

the Universal Gravitational Constant

The reason an astronaut in an shuttle orbiting Earth feels weightless is that

the astronaut is falling.

According to the graph above, what is happening to this car during the time interval t = 10.0 to t = 20.0 seconds?

the car is moving at constant velocity

The measure of "stretch" in an ellipse is

the eccentricity

The velocity vs. time graph for an elevator is shown. For the time interval 0-4 s

the elevator changed direction

Which represents the greatest centripetal acceleration?

the fourth graph

When a car goes around a circular curve on a horizontal road at constant speed, what force causes it to follow the circular path?

the friction force from the road.

Newton's first law of motion is also known as

the law of inertia

Consider a package which is sliding down a loading ramp at constant speed. In this case

the net force on the package is zero which is why it is not accelerating

Orlando measures the brightness of a flashlight bulb as he adds more batteries to the circuit. If he prepares a graph of the data:

the number of batteries should be represented on the x-axis.

Compared to your weight and mass on Earth, if you were on the moon

your weight would be less, but your mass would remain the same

A ball is thrown upwards and caught when it comes back down. In the absence of air resistance, the speed of the ball when caught would be

the same as the speed it had when thrown upwards.

Figure 1 above represents a pendulum. Figure 2 represents the motion of the pendulum as a wave. Points Z and W are the highest positions of the swinging mass. Point Y is halfway between points X and Z. Which graph represents the potential energy of the swinging mass at different points?

the third graph

Which diagram best represents the gravitational forces, Fg, between a satellite, S, and Earth?

the third graph

A large truck collides head-on with a small compact car. During the collision

the truck exerts the same amount of force on the car as the car exerts on the truck.

Two trucks leave at different times (from the same place) headed for the same city.Both trucks arrive at the same time.Based on this information what is true?

the truck that left later was traveling faster

As a car is slowed, most of its mechanical kinetic energy is converted by the brakes to:

thermal energy

The early models of the solar system were wrong because

they were based on the assumption that the earth was the center of the solar system

Suppose a girl is standing on a pond where there is no friction between her feet and the ice. In order to get off the ice, she can

throw something in the direction opposite to the way she wants to go

If the circular track were to suddenly become frictionless at the instant shown in the diagram, the car's direction of travel would be

toward N

As the car above goes around the curve, the centripetal force is directed

towards the center of the circular curve.

If the Earth were twice as massive as it is now, the gravitational force between it and the sun would be

twice as strong

Things that affect the results of an experiment are called:

variables

A car is driving around a circular track at a constant speed of 20 m/s.It is changing its:

velocity

Acceleration is defined as the change in

velocity of an object

Which factor, when doubled, would produce the greatest change in the centripetal force acting on the car?

velocity of the car

A rock is lifted for a certain time by a force F. The energy gained by the rock during this time is equal to the

work done by the force F

Which of the following energy sources is renewable?

Hydroelectric

Which car in the data table above has the least momentum?

I

What does the shaded area in the graph below represent?

displacement

Which of the following is a vector quantity?

displacement

A rock is tied to a string and swung in a clockwise, vertical circle. When the rock is at the position shown, which of the following indicates the direction of vt (tangential velocity), ac (centripetal acceleration), and/or Fg (weight)?

(0 degree angle w corner in top right (ac on top,Vt on right)

A toy cart with a mass of 1.20 kg moves at a speed of 2.40 m/s. How much mechanical kinetic energy does it have?

3.46 J

What is the momentum of a cat of mass 4.0 kg that is running south with a speed of 1.5 m/s?

6.0 kgm/s south

A 2.00 kg object weighs 19.6 Newtons on Earth. If the acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 3.71 m/s², what is the object's mass on Mars?

2.00 kg

In the graph above, what is the average speed of the object from 0.00 to 5.00 seconds?

2.00 m/s

In one-half hour, a bicyclist traveled 20 kilometers. What was the bicyclist's average speed?

40 km/hr

In the graph above, at what time interval is the car not moving?

0.0 s

A ball is thrown straight up. At the top of its path its instantaneous speed is

0.00 m/s

Which number is the same as 2.5 • 10-3?

0.0025

Match the measurement with the number of significant figures it contains:

0.0056 kg Correct match: 2 2,056.0 cm Correct match: 5 89,200 ml Correct match: 3 45,380 s Correct match: 4

Convert 82.5 millimeters into meters.

0.0825 meters

Which number is the same as 8.7 • 10-2?

0.087

During batting practice, a 0.30 kg baseball is hit with a bat that exerts a force of 350 N on the ball. The ball left the bat at 80.0 m/s. If the incoming pitch was traveling at 60.0 m/s, how long did the ball stay in contact with the bat?

0.12 s

In which diagram is the acceleration of the object equal to zero?

I think it is the first picture

Which of the following terms has a meaning closest to that of mass?

Inertia

A spring-loaded ballistic cart measuring 190 g is in contact with a second 530 g cart. The carts are initially at rest on a level surface. The spring is released and the lighter cart is observed to move at +0.69 m/s afterward. What is the velocity of the other cart?

-0.25 m/s

An astronaut standing on a platform on the Moon drops a hammer. If the hammer falls down -6.00 meters in 2.70 seconds, what is its acceleration?

-1.65 m/s²

According to the graph above, what will be the velocity of the car be at t = 5.0 seconds?

-10.0 m/s

A 60.0 kg student would weigh -1560 N on the surface of Planet X. What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Planet X?

-26.0 m/s²

Ball A has a mass of 4.0 kg. Ball B has twice the mass of ball A. The two balls collide and stick together in a perfectly inelastic collision. After the collision the combined balls are at rest. If the velocity of ball A before the collision was 8.2 m/s, what was the velocity of ball B before the collision?

-4.1 m/s

How much would a 60.0 kg student weigh on Earth in Newtons?

-589 N

What is the weight of a textbook that has a mass of 6.0 kg?

-59 N

A particle moves from x1 = 20 cm to x2 = -50 cm along an x-axis. The displacement of this particle from its original position is

-70 cm

A 2 kg body of mass is moving on a horizontal frictionless surface with a velocity of 4 m/s. What is the net force required to keep the body moving with the same velocity and direction for 5 s?

0 N

This table gives the position of a car as a function of time. What is the average velocity during the interval 2 s to 3 s?

0 m/s

A force of 25 N east and a force of 25 N west act concurrently on a 5.0 kg cart. What is the acceleration of the cart?

0 m/s²

In the picture above, a girl is sitting motionless on a swing. What is the net force on the girl?

0 newtons

An athlete running 2.6 m/s increases his velocity to 3.7 m/s in 2.7 s. What is the acceleration of the runner?

0.41 m/s²

An air bag applies a force of 4900 N to bring about a change in momentum of 2060 kgm/s. How much time did it act over?

0.42 s

Whatis the slope of the line plotted above?

0.5

The graph above represents the relationship between the forces applied to an object and the corresponding accelerations produced. What is the mass of the object?

0.5 kg

A ball is hit with a bat. A student determines that the momentum of the ball is 1.0 kilogram meter per second. What is the mass of the ball if it has a velocity of 2.0 meters per second?

0.50 kg

Calculate the speed of the object from the position vs. time graph shown above.

0.50 m/sec

A 3.00 kilogram mass is attached to a spring (k = 30.0 N/m) . The mass is pulled 0.200 meters from the spring's equilibrium position. How much spring potential energy is being stored by the mass-spring system?

0.600 J

What vertical distance can a person with a 0.700 s hang time jump?

0.603 m

What is the hang time of a person who can jump a vertical distance of 0.600 m?

0.698 s

A motionless 120 kg astronaut is holding a 14 kg tool while on a spacewalk. To get moving, the astronaut throws the tool forward at a speed of 6.6 m/s. How fast does the astronaut move backward?

0.77 m/s

The data table above shows the distribution of the energies of a pendulum 0.60 s into its motion. What is the missing value?

0.864 J

The density of an object has the equation D = m/V. If an object has a mass of 85 g and a volume of 92 cm³, what is its density?

0.92 g/cm³

If Earth had twice its present mass but it orbited at the same distance from the sun as it does now, its orbital period would be

1 year.

A marble rolls along the track below with no friction as shown above. The sequence of positions on the track listed in order from the greatest gravitational potential energy to the least gravitational potential energy is:

1, 5, 4, 2, 3, 6

How many meters are in 1 kilometer?

1,000

A car has a mass of 1100 kg. By pushing on the car, Evan increases its speed from 2.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s. What impulse did Evan apply to the car?

1,100 Ns

As shown in the diagram above, a student exerts an average force of 600 Newtons on a rope to lift a 50 kg crate a vertical distance of 3.0 meters. Approximately how much work does the student do?

1,800 J

If car I in the data table above were to collide head-on with car IV and the two cars locked together into a single moving pile, what would their combined momentum be?

1.0 kgm/s west

The graph represents the position of a cart as a function of time. What is the velocity at 6 seconds?

1.0 m/s

In the graph above, what is the acceleration of the car during 0.0 - 2.0 seconds?

1.0 m/s²

A 1.00•103 kilogram car is driven clockwise around a flat circular track of radius 25.0 meters. The speed of the car is a constant 5.00 meters per second. What minimum friction force must exist between the tires and the road to prevent the car from skidding as it rounds the curve?

1.00•103 N

A student walks 160 m in 150 s. The student stops for 30 s and then walks 210 m farther in 140 s. What is the average speed of the entire walk?

1.2 m/s

Using scientific notation, the number 0. 00125 is written as:

1.25 • 10ˉ³

A skateboarder with a mass of 50.0 kg is riding on a half-pipe as shown in the diagram above. He has a speed of 5.00 m/s at the bottom. What vertical distance will the skateboarder climb to assuming no energy is lost to friction?

1.28 m

A fire truck drives 3.0 miles to the east, then 1.2 miles to the west. What is the displacement of the fire truck?

1.8 miles east

What is the force of gravitational attraction between 2 dust particles that each have a mass of 0.0033 kg that are separated from each other by a distance of 2.0 m?

1.8•10-16 N

Approximately how high did a worker lift a bag of sand weighing 400 N if he used 4,000 J of energy? Assume no energy is used to overcome friction.

10 meters

A 200 kilogram rocket accelerates at 50 m/sec². How large is the force required to cause an acceleration of this size?

10,000 N

A simple machine has an input force of 10.0 N and an output force of 100.0 N. What is the mechanical advantage of the simple machine?

10.0

How much power is necessary to do 50.0 Joules of work in 5.00 seconds?

10.0 W

A 7.0 kg block sliding on a frictionless surface is moving with an initial velocity of 8.0 m/s. An impulse is applied to the block as shown on the graph. What is the block's speed at time t = 6 s?

10.3 m/s

The diagram above shows points A, B, and C at or near the Earth's surface. As a mass is moved from A to B, 100 joules of work are done against gravity. What is the amount of work done against gravity as an identical mass is moved from A to C?

100 J

Running on a treadmill transforms the chemical energy in the food you eat into

kinetic energy

A block sliding on a frictionless surface is moving with a velocity of 9.0 m/s. The mass of the block is 8.0 kg. An impulse is applied on the block as shown on the graph. What is the block's speed at time t = 6 s?

11 m/s

A car travels North a distance of 120 kilometers during a time period of 3.0 hours. What is the average speed of the car in meters per second during this time interval?

11 m/s

The reading on the spring scale is approximately:

110 N

When a 12 Newton horizontal force is applied to a box on a tabletop, the box remains at rest. The force of static friction acting on the box is

12 N

A 5.0-newton force and a 7.0-newton force act concurrently on an object (as shown in the first diagram). As the angle between the forces changes from 0 to 180, the net force changes from

12 newtons to -2 newtons

The planet Jupiter is 7.78•1011 m from the sun. How long does it take for Jupiter to orbit once about the sun given that the distance from the earth to the sun is 1.50•1011 m?

12 years

A runner runs 4 mile race in 3 hours and 25 minutes. For how many seconds was he running?

12,300 seconds

A runner runs a 5 kilometer race in 3 hours and 25 minutes. For how many seconds was she running?

12,300 seconds

You are riding in a boat that is traveling 15.0 m/s in still water. You move from the bow (front of the boat) to the stern (the back of the boat) at 3.0 m/s. What is your speed relative to the water?

12.0 m/s

A 730 N person pulls a rope tied to a tree. If the person pulls the rope with a force of 120 N, what is the magnitude of the reaction force on the rope?

120 N

A 1,200 kilogram car traveling at 10.0 meters per second hits a tree and is brought to rest in 0.100 seconds. What is the magnitude of the average force acting on the car to bring it to rest?

120,000 N

Assuming that the rollercoaster car has a mass of 500 kg, then the Gravitational Potential Energy at the top of the first hill is closest to

147,000 J

As shown in the diagram above, a 0.50 meter long spring is stretched from its equilibrium position to a length of 1.00 meter by a weight. If the spring constant for this particular spring is 120 N/m, how much energy has been stored in the spring?

15 J

An airplane went from 120 m/s to 180 m/s in 4.0 seconds. What was its acceleration?

15 m/s²

A 3.00 kg object is accelerated by a net force at a rate of 5.00 m/s². What is the magnitude of the net force acting on the object?

15.0 N

A block whose weight is 50.0 N rests upon a horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the surface is 0.600, while the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.400. If you push horizontally on the block with a force of 15.0 N, the frictional force between the block and the surface will be... [Hint: Remember Newton's Third Law]

15.0 N

A 60.0 kilogram car travels clockwise in a horizontal circle of radius 10.0 meters at 5.0 meters per second. The magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the car is

150 N

Which of the following is not a scalar quantity?

150 km Southeast

A car starts from rest and uniformly accelerates to a final speed of 20.0 meters/second in a time of 15.0 seconds. How far does the car travel during this time?

150. meters

In the graph above, what is the total distance traveled by the object? (be sure to pay attention to where it starts)

16.0 m

A bird flies 2.0 km to the south, then 0.2 km to the north. What is the distance flown by the bird?

16.0 s

A crate falls from an airplane flying horizontally at an altitude of 1250 m. Neglecting air drag, how long will the crate take to strike the ground?

16.0 s

A satellite is moving in space with a linear velocity of 230.0 m/s. The mass of the satellite is 290 kg. The satellite fires its rockets, creating the impulses shown on the graph. The forces are applied along the direction of motion. What is the satellite's velocity at time t = 7.0 s?

175 m/s

A pulley is used to lift a box that weighs 90.0 N. How much force do you need to pull on the rope if the pulley has a mechanical advantage of 5.00?

18.0 N

How much energy is used to run a 60.0 Watt light bulb for 3.00 seconds?

180. J

A 1800 kg car with the brakes applied comes to a stop in 5.20 s. During these 5.20 s the force of friction slowing down the car is 3500.0 N. What is the change in momentum of the car?

18200 kgm/s

A 1000.0 kg car is slowly picking up speed as it goes around a horizontal unbanked curve whose radius is 100.0 m. The coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road is 0.350. At approximately what speed will the car begin to skid sideways?

19 m/s

A student eats a candy bar that contains 1,570,000 J of energy. If the student has a mass of 81.8 kg, how high will he have to climb a ladder to completely burn off the energy gained by eating the candy bar?

1960 m

An object moves in uniform circular motion, and the centripetal force on the object is 4.0 N. If the mass of the object decreases by a factor of 2, what will be the centripetal force on the object?

2 N

A net force of 10 Newtons accelerates an object at 5.0 meters per second². What net force would be required to accelerate the same object at 1.0 meter per second²?

2 Newtons

A tow truck pulls a 2,000 kilogram car with a net force of 4,000 Newtons. What is the acceleration of the car?

2 m/s²

The weight lifter used a force of 980 N to raise the barbell over his head in 5.21 seconds. Approximately how much work did he do in raising the barbell?

2,000 J

In the graph above, at what time interval is the acceleration of the car = 0.0 m/s2

2.0 - 3.0 s

An apple has 10.0 J of gravitational potential energy when hanging from a branch in a tree. When the apple drops, at 1.0 m above the ground it has 8.0 J of mechanical kinetic energy due to the speed at which it is falling. How much gravitational potential energy would it have at this point (neglecting any loss due to air resistance)?

2.0 J

The diagram above represents forces acting on a block that accelerates 6.0 m/s² on a frictionless surface. What is the mass of the block?

2.0 kg

In the graph above, how far does the car travel during 2.0 - 3.0 seconds?

2.0 m

A runner completes the first 3.0 km of a 10.0 km marathon in 22.0 minutes. What must his average speed (in meters / second) for the remaining length of the marathon be if he wishes to complete the race in one hour and 20.0 minutes?

2.0 meters / second

According to the graph above, during which time period does the car experience the greatest change in velocity?

20.0 - 30.0 seconds

A jet on an aircraft carrier can be launched from 0.00 to 40.0 m/s in 2.00 seconds. What is the acceleration of the jet?

20.0 m/s²

A cheetah runs with a constant speed of 8 m/s. How far has the cheetah gone after 25 seconds?

200 m

A cyclist has a constant speed of 12.0 m/s. What is the distance the cyclist has traveled after 18.0 seconds?

216 m

A car traveling on a straight road at 15.0 m/s accelerates uniformly to a speed of 21.0 meters per second in 12.0 seconds. The total distance traveled by the car in this 12.0 second time interval is

216 meters

In the acceleration vs.time graph above, if the object's initial velocity is 0.0 m/s, what is thevelocity of an object at t = 6.0 s?

24 m/s

A dog runs 30 meters to the north, then 5 meters to the south. What is the displacement of the dog?

25 meters north

Use the graph above to predict the speed of the car after one minute

250 cm/sec

A 0.50 kg toy is attached to the end of a 1.0 m very light string. The toy is whirled in a horizontal circular path on a frictionless tabletop. If the maximum tension that the string can withstand without breaking is 350 N, what is the maximum speed the mass can have without breaking the string?

26 m/s

A dog pushes against the front door for 3.00 seconds with a force of 88.0 N. What impulse has the dog applied to the door?

264 Ns

A 0.40 kg flashlight is constructed to withstand a specific force of impact that protects the bulb. A standard 0.10 second is used as the time-of-impact in calculating a flashlight's specifications. What is the impact force on the 0.40 kg flashlight if it falls 2.5 meters and hits a concrete floor at 7.0 m/s, stopping in 0.10 seconds?

28 N

One way that future space stations may create artificial gravity is by rotating the station. Consider a donut shaped space station 380.0 m in diameter that is rotating about its longitudinal axis. Astronauts walk on the inside surface of the ring-shaped space station. Approximately how long should it take for each rotation of the cylinder if it is to provide "normal" gravity for the astronauts?

28s

Ball II has twice the mass of Ball I, and both are moving in circles of equal radii at the same speed. How do the net forces of Ball I and Ball II compare?

2F1 = F2

Given the diagram above, which of the following diagrams best illustrates the direction of the restoring force when the spring is stretched.

2nd Graph

A steel ball is attached to a string and is swung in a circular path in a horizontal plane. At point P, the string suddenly breaks near the ball. If these events are observed from directly above, which of the paths would the ball most closely follow after the string breaks?

2nd graph

The objects shown are moving in a horizontal, uniform, circular motion. Which object experiences the least centripetal force?

2nd graph

If an automobile travels at 30 m/s for 2 minutes, the car has traveled:

3,600 meters

A 60.0 kg student on ice skates stands at rest on a frictionless frozen pond holding a 10.0 kg brick. He throws the brick east with a momentum of 180.0 kgm/s. What is the resulting velocity of the student?

3.00 m/s west

Consider the displacement vs. time graph representing the motion of a bicyclist shown above. What is the average velocity of the bicyclist between 0.0 and 3.0 seconds?

3.3 m/s

You push with 45.0 N to the right on an object which is experiencing a frictional force of 15.0 N in the opposite direction. What would be the magnitude and direction of the resultant net force on the object?

30.0 N to the right

If a bicycle travels 15.0 km in 30.0 minutes. What would its speed be in km/hr?

30.0 km/hr

What is the speed of a jet plane that travels 3,000 meters in 10 seconds?

300 m/sec

What impulse must be applied to a 25.0 kg cart to cause a velocity change of 12.0 m/s?

300. Ns

The weight lifter used a force of 980 N to raise the barbell over his head in 5.21 seconds. Approximately how much power did the weight lifter generate in raising the barbell?

380 W

If car II in the data table above were to collide head-on with car III and the two cars locked together into a single moving pile, what would their combined momentum be?

4.0 kgm/s east

In the graph above, what is the final displacement of the object?

4.00 m

A skateboarder starting from rest accelerates down a ramp at 2.00 m/s2 for 2.00 s. What is the final speed of the skateboarder?

4.00 m/s

According to the graph above, what is the car's acceleration between t = 20.0 seconds and t = 30.0 seconds?

4.00 m/s²

Mithra is an unknown planet that has two moons, A and B, in circular orbits around it. The table summarizes the hypothetical data about these moons. What is the magnitude of the maximum gravitational force that Moon A exerts on Moon B?

4.0•1014 N

Mithra is an unknown planet that has two moons, A and B, in circular orbits around it. The table summarizes the hypothetical data about these moons. What is the magnitude of the maximum gravitational force that Moon A exerts on Moon B?

4.0•10^14 N

A student pushes a 35 kg block on a frictionless, horizontal surface with a horizontal force of 18 N. If the block is initially at rest, what is the speed of the block after the student pushes the block 20.1 m?

4.5 m/s

A 2.0•10³ kilogram car travels at a constant speed of 12 meters per second around a circular curve of radius 30.0 meters as shown in the diagram above. What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the car as it goes around the curve?

4.8 m/s²

Calculate the work needed to lift a block weighing 4.00 N a distance of 10.0 meters.

40.0 J

A block of wood, which is 12.0 cm long, is dropped through an infrared sensor designed to measure the time that the sensor is blocked. Assuming that this block of wood blocks the sensor for a time interval of 0.275 seconds, what is the speed of this block as it passes through the sensor?

43.6 cm/s

A skydiver whose mass is 60.0 kg is accelerating downward toward the Earth at 2.50 m/s2. What is the magnitude of the air resistance force acting upward on the skydiver?

438 N

A race car starting from rest accelerates uniformly at a rate of 4.90 m/s2. What is the car's speed after it has travelled 200.0 meters?

44.3 m/s

The average speed of a cart during a 15 second interval is 3.0 m/s. What is the total distance traveled by the cart?

45 m

A rectangular solid has dimensions of 27.0 millimeters × 6.80 centimeters × 0.000250 kilometers. The volume of the solid in cubic centimeters is ____.

459 cm³

A baseball dropped from the roof of a tall building takes 3.10 seconds to hit the ground. How tall is the building? [Ignore air resistance]

47.1 m

A moving object with a mass of 10.0 kg has linear momentum of magnitude 31 kg m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the object?

48 J

A woman driving a 2,000 kg car at 15 m/s fully applies the brakes 50 m from a stoplight. If the car comes to a stop in 6 seconds, what is the magnitude of the average force applied by the brakes?

5,000 N

A model rocket with an initial mass of 3.0 kg is launched horizontally by burning and expelling 760 g of fuel with a velocity of 150 m/s. What is the velocity of the rocket after the fuel is expelled? (Assume the propellant is expelled instantaneously.)

51 m/s

The curved section of a horizontal highway is a circular unbanked arc of radius 740 m. If the coefficient of static friction between this roadway and typical tires is 0.40, what would be the maximum safe driving speed for this horizontal curved section of highway?

54 m/s

Which of the following is a scalar quantity?

55m

A 0.149 kg baseball, initially moving at 15 m/s is brought to rest in 0.04 seconds by a baseball glove on a catcher's hand. The magnitude of the average force exerted on the ball by the glove is

56 N

The number of slices of pepperoni needed by a pizza restaurant is given by the equation n = 14p. In this equation, p is the number of pizzas the restaurant will make. How many slices of pepperoni can be made from 40 pizzas?

560

You are standing on a bathroom scale (which happens to read in Newtons) in an elevator. While at rest the scale says you weigh 491 Newtons. How much would the bathroom scale read when the elevator is accelerating upwards at 1.5 m/s²?

566 N

The distance between Denver Colorado and Vail Colorado is 132 kilometers. With what average speed should you drive your car in order to travel this distance in 2 hours and 15 minutes?

59 km/hr

The number of significant figures in 0.00230300 meters is ...

6

A crane lifts a load of steel 250.0 meters into the air. The steel has a mass of 2,500.0 kg. How much energy is used by the crane?

6,130,000 J

A crane lifts a load of steel 250.0 meters into the air. The steel has a mass of 2,500.0 kg. How much work did the crane do on the steel?

6,130,000 J

A baseball player runs 27.4 meters from the batter's box to first base, overruns first base by 3.0 meters and then returns to first base. Compared to the total distance traveled by the player, the magnitude of the player's total displacement from the batter's box is approximately

6.0 meters shorter

Express 23.1 km/h in m/s.

6.42 m/s

A 13 N horizontal force acts in the same direction as a 6.4 kg block as it slides 2.5 m/s on a frictionless, horizontal surface for 2.1 s. What is the speed of the block after force is applied?

6.8 m/s

A 1000.0 kg car sliding on frictionless ice at 22 m/s hits a stationary 2200.0 kg minivan. The two vehicles are locked together after impact on the ice. What is their speed after impact?

6.9 m/s

What is the momentum of a dog of mass 20 kg that is running east with a speed of 3 m/s?

60 kgm/s east

The number of seconds in one week is

604,800

If you push on a door for 12 seconds with a force of 53 N, how much impulse have you applied to the door?

636 Ns

A 2.0 kilogram body is initially traveling at a velocity of 40 meters per second east. If a constant force of 10 Newtons east is applied to the body for 5.0 seconds, the final speed of the body is

65 m/s

If an engine does 660 J of work in 10.0 seconds, its average power is

66 Watts

A 3500 kg truck moving at 19 m/s collides with a stationary 1000 kg passenger car, and the two stick together. Assuming that they are free to move afterward, what is the momentum of the truck+car object after the collision?

67000 kgm/s

A bowling ball has a mass of 4.3 kg and is traveling with a velocity of 16 m/s down the lane. How much momentum does it have?

69 kgm/s

The graph above shows the motion of three runners. What is the distance between Runner A and Runner B at time t = 12.0 seconds?

7.0 m

How much time does a car with an acceleration of 5.00 m/s² take to go from 5.00 m/s to 40.0 m/s?

7.00 s

A bowler lifts her bowling ball a distance of 0.500 meters doing 35.0 Joules of work. What is the approximate mass of the bowling ball used by this bowler?

7.14 kg

A 0.0062 kg insect is flying horizontally with a momentum of 0.048 kgm/s. What is its velocity relative to the ground?

7.7 m/s

A crane lifts a load of steel 250.0 meters into the air. The steel has a mass of 2,500.0 kg. If the crane performed this feat in 85 seconds, how much power does the crane use?

72,000 W

The difference in momentum between a 53.0 kg athlete running 3.58 m/s and a 880.0 kg car traveling 1.03 m/s is closest to:

720 kgm/s

Car 1 drives 45 km/hr to the west, and car 2 drives 30 km/hr to the east. From the frame of reference of car 1, what is the velocity of car 2?

75 km/hr east

Mary is standing on a bathroom scale in an elevator. The scale reads 500 N. The elevator accelerates upward with an acceleration of 5.0 m/s². What would the scale read now?

750 N

As a box is sliding down a ramp, a 10 Newton force of gravity is pulling the box down the ramp while a 2 Newton force of friction acts to stop the box. What is the net force accelerating the box down the ramp?

8 N

During the first 10 seconds of a rocket launch, the momentum of the rocket increased by 8000 kgm/s. What was the impulse applied to the rocket during this time?

8,000 Ns

An electric food processor uses 250.0 Joules of electrical energy. Due to friction and other causes, the energy available to spin the blades to cut food is reduced to 200.0 Joules. The efficiency of the food processor is:

80.00 %

The bar graph above shows the number of tickets sold for each of the seating sections in a baseball stadium. Based on this graph, how many bleacher seats were sold?

800

Car A is moving to the right with a speed of 16 m/s and car B is moving to the left with a speed of 7.5 m/s. Both cars have a mass of 1000.0 kg. What is the total momentum of the system consisting of cars A and B? (You may define positive direction to be to the right)

8500 kgm/s

The distance between The Colony HS and Texas A&M University is 325 km. With what average speed should you drive your car in order to travel this distance in 3 hours and 45 minutes?

86.7 km/hr

An object travels around a 120 m radius circular path at a constant 70.0 m/s. The centripetal force on the object is 35,000 N. What is the mass of the object?

860 kg

An airplane has a momentum of 22,125 kgm/s. If the airplane moves at a speed of 25.0 m/s, what is its mass?

885 kg

When Earth and the Moon are separated by a distance of 3.84•108 meters, the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between them is 2.0•1020 Newtons. What would be the magnitude of this gravitational force of attraction if Earth and the Moon were separated by a distance of 1.92•108 meters?

8•1020 N

A skydiver leaps from an airplane. After 4 seconds, the skydiver has a velocity of 36 m/s. Which of the following is the average acceleration of the skydiver?

9 m/s²

A golf ball is hit at an angle of 45o above the horizontal. What is the acceleration of the golf ball at the highest point in its trajectory? [ignore air resistance]

9.80 m/s² downwards

A jet plane flying 600.0 m/s experiences an acceleration of 4.0 g's when pulling out of a circular dive. What is the radius of curvature of the circular part of the path in which the plane is flying?

9200 m

The momentum of a car is 13,300 kgm/s. If it has a speed of 14 m/s, what is the mass of the car?

950 kg

A wooden block is at rest on a horizontal steel surface. If a 10. newton force applied parallel to the surface is required to overcome static friction and set the block in motion, how much force is required to keep the block moving at constant velocity?

< 10 N

What is an independent variable?

A variable that is intentionally changed during an experiment

Which of the following situations doesn't have any net work done?

A waiter carrying a tray to a table

Which of these questions about skateboarding can be answered using measurements?

How much force is needed to break a skateboard?

The displacement-time graph above represents the motion of a cart initially moving forward along a straight line.During which interval is the cart accelerating?

AB

What does Newton's third law describe?

Action-reaction pairs

May (67 kg) and Amber (52 kg) stand motionless on ice skates, facing each other at arm's length on a smooth, frozen pond. Which of the following actions will give Amber the least speed?

Amber pushes May with 500.0 N of force for 0.020 s.

What is a hypothesis?

An educated guess about the outcome of an experiment

When you notice something that is happening, what are you making?

An observation

Comparing the following students on the table above, which student demonstrated the most precision and accuracy for a measuring 1.000 kg standard mass of iron?

Anne

A scientist wants to measure the relationship between humidity in the summer and the number of home runs in baseball. Which of the following is a testable question about this topic?

Are there more home runs during the more humid months of the summer?

Aristotle thought that a moving object would stop because its natural state was to be at rest. Newton thought that friction is a force that opposes all motion and eventually stops moving objects. Suppose you were coasting on a level surface on a bicycle and there was NO friction. What would happen to your speed, according to Aristotle and Newton?

Aristotle: slow and stop Newton: maintain speed

A spacewalking astronaut is stranded a few meters from the space station door. His jet pack is broken, but he can take it off and toss it in order to propel himself toward the door. In what direction should be toss it?

Away from the door.

The graph above represents the speed-time relationship for a 2.0 kilogram mass moving along a horizontal frictionless surface. According to the graph above, during which interval is no net force being applied to the object?

B to C

The displacement-time graph above represents the motion of a cart initially moving forward along a straight line. During which interval is the cart moving forward at constant speed?

BC

A wound spring provides the energy to propel a toy car across a level floor. At time ti ,the car is moving at speed viacross the floor and the spring is unwinding, as shown below. At time tf, the spring has fully unwound and the car has coasted to a stop.

Both elastic potential energy and kinetic energy at ti are converted to thermal energy at tf

How does a physicist answer a scientific question?

By taking measurements during an experiment

A 60.0 kilogram car travels clockwise in a horizontal circle of radius 10.0 meters at 5.0 meters per second. The centripetal acceleration of the car at the position shown is directed toward point

C

The diagram above represents a mass, m, being swung clockwise at a constant speed in a horizontal circle. At the instant shown, the centripetal force acting on mass m is directed towards

C

Which of the pulleys above has the largest mechanical advantage?

C has the largest mechanical advantage

The graph above represents the speed-time relationship for a 2.0 kilogram mass moving along a horizontal frictionless surface. According to the graph above, during which interval is a negative net force being applied to the object?

C to D

A scientist studies the strengths of different types of wood, including oak and maple. Which of the following is a testable question about this topic?

Can oak hold more weight than maple?

You burn a log on a fire. You use the fire to warm yourself and to help you see to read a book. What energy transformation(s) is taking place?

Chemical energy is transformed to light energy and heat energy

You eat a large meal and then hike up a hill. What kind of energy transformation(s) is your body performing?

Chemical energy to kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy

What would a physicist do to determine how tires affect the motion of a car?

Conduct an experiment to test the grip of different tires

The diagram shows a student seated on a rotating circular platform, holding a 2.0 kilogram block with a spring scale. The block is 1.2 meters from the center of the platform. The block has a constant speed of 8.0 meters per second. [Frictional forces on the block are negligible.] Which statement best describes the block's movement as the platform rotates?

Correct answer: Its velocity is directed tangent to the circular path, with an inward acceleration.

Which of the following is NOT one of Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion?

Correct answer: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

If the circular track were to suddenly become frictionless at the instant shown in the diagram, the car's direction of travel would be

Correct answer: toward N

The diagram above represents the relationship between velocity and time of travel for four cars, A, B, C, and D, in straight-line motion. Which car has the greatest acceleration during the time interval 10.0 seconds to 15.0 seconds?

D

A basketball, soccer ball and a football were kicked. Which of these statements is the best example of Newton's First Law of Motion in this situation?

Each ball rolled to a stop due to the unbalanced force of friction

A car moves with a constant speed in a clockwise direction around a circular path of radius r, as represented in the diagram above. When the car is in the position shown, its acceleration is directed toward the

East

Two moving billiard balls collide and bounce off one another moving in opposite directions. What type of collision was this?

Elastic or nearly elastic.

Which statement describes the law of conservation of energy?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Which of the following is typically considered the 'language of science'?

English.

How can you use a graph to calculate the displacement of an object?

Find the area under the velocity-time graph

Which graph best represents the motion of an object in equilibrium?

First Graph

"An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion in a straight line at constant speed unless acted on by an unbalanced (net) force." This is Newton's

First Law

Which graph best represents the magnitude of the centripetal force of the car above as a function of time?

First graph

Which graph best represents the magnitude of the centripetal force of the car above as a function of time?

Force x Distance graph with horiznotal slope

A pendulum is pulled to the side and released from rest. Which graph best represents the relationship between the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum and its displacement from its point of release?

Fourth Graph

Which of the following velocity-time graphs matches the distance-time graph shown above?

Graph C

What does Newton's first law describe?

How inertia affects the motion of an object

A football player runs to the north at a speed of 8 m/s. He catches a ball and keeps running with the ball. What type of collision was this?

Inelastic (but not perfectly inelastic).

A 1300 kg car with 370 kg of passengers and cargo is moving at 72 m/s. Suddenly, the driver applies the brakes and the car skids to a stop. What happens to the momentum that the car (and its contents) had before braking?

It is transferred to the pavement (and the Earth).

An object has a mass, m, and velocity, v. Which change would make its momentum become one-fourth as much?

Its mass becomes ½m and its velocity becomes ½v.

The diagram shows a student seated on a rotating circular platform, holding a 2.0 kilogram block with a spring scale. The block is 1.2 meters from the center of the platform. The block has a constant speed of 8.0 meters per second. [Frictional forces on the block are negligible.] Which statement best describes the block's movement as the platform rotates?

Its velocity is directed tangent to the circular path, with an inward acceleration.

Two friends stand on rollerskates, facing each other within arm's reach. Jim pushes gently on his friend Tony's upraised palms. What happens?

Jim and Tony roll in opposite directions.

The mathematical description of planetary motion was first described by

Johannes Kepler

Work is measured in

Joules

Which diagram best represents the gravitational field lines surrounding Earth?

Last graph

Which graph best represents the relationship between the velocity of an object thrown straight upward from the Earth's surface and the time that elapses while it is in the air? [Ignore air resistance]

Last graph

A cart is set up as shown above, with three fans directed to the left and two of the fans running. The motion of the cart is represented by the v vs t graph shown. If the experiment were repeated with all three fans running, what might the resulting v vs t graph look like?

Last graph that is positive linear

Which of the levers shown above has the largest mechanical advantage?

Lever A

While traveling from Point A to Point D, the roller coaster car above...

Lost some of its energy to heat, air resistance and track vibrations.

Which of the following equipment is the best choice for investigating elastic or nearly elastic collisions?

Marble launcher that causes two marbles to collide with each other.

The relationship among mass, force, and acceleration is explained by

Newton's 2nd Law

The principle of physics which states that the force exerted by object 1 on object 2 is equal and opposite to the force of object 2 on object 1 is referred to as

Newton's 3rd Law

Which of the following statements about the energy of a pendulum is true?

None of the above are true

The majority of the energy you use everyday can be traced back to what original source?

Nuclear energy in hydrogen atoms released by fusion reactions in the sun

Which object in the data table above has the greatest inertia?

Object D

A question is scientific if you can answer it using which of the following?

Observations and measurements

Which combination of variables will make an experiment the most reliable?

One dependent variable and one experimental variable

At which of the following points on the graph is the speed the greatest?

Point 2

At which point would the car on the rollercoaster above have the greatest kinetic energy?

Point B

A ball is released from the top of an inclined plane as shown below. Ignoring friction, where will the gravitational potential energy (U) and kinetic energy (K) of the ball be at a maximum?

Potential energy at J, Kinetic energy at M

In the diagram above, scaled vectors represent the momentum of each of two masses, A and B, sliding toward each other on a frictionless, horizontal surface. Which scaled vector best represents the momentum of the system after the masses collide?

Second Arrow

"The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass." This is Newton's

Second Law

A spaceship drifts sideways in outer space from point P to point Q as shown above. The spaceship is subject to no outside forces. Starting at position Q, the spaceship's engine is turned on and produces a constant thrust (force on the spaceship) at right angles to the line PQ. The constant thrust is maintained until the spaceship reaches a point R in space. At point R, the spaceship's engine is turned off and the thrust immediately drops to zero. Which of the paths will the spaceship follow beyond point R?

Second picture

The steps taken in scientific studies often follow similar patterns. Which answer correctly describes the order in which the steps should be performed?

State a hypothesis, then design an experiment to test it.

A scientist uses different types of gasoline in the engines of three identical cars. She measures how far the cars go before running out of gas. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

The distance the cars go

Let the orbital radius of a planet be R and let the orbital period of the planet be T. What quantity is constant for all planets orbiting the sun, assuming circular orbits?

T^2 / R^3

Brett lifts a 300 N crate from the ground to a loading dock 1 meter high. Teresa pushes the same crate to the loading dock up a ramp 3 meters long. Compare the amount of work being done by Brett and Teresa if this was a real situation.

Teresa does more work, because sliding friction is greater than air friction

A potato launcher uses a spring that can apply a force of 20 Newtons to potatoes. A physics student who is studying projectiles launched a 100 gram potato, a 150 gram potato, and a 200 gram potato with the launcher. Which had the greatest acceleration?

The 100 gram potato

Which of the following describes an action-reaction pair?

The Moon's gravity pulls on you, and your gravity pulls on the Moon.

What does the graph above illustrate about the acceleration of the object?

The acceleration is constant

A scientist gives three trees of the same size and species different amounts of water all summer. He measures how fast the trees grow. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

The amount of water

A ball is thrown and follows the parabolic path shown above. Air friction is negligible. Point Q is the highest point on the path. Points P and R are the same height above the ground. Which of the following correctly describes the energy of the ball at point Q?

The ball has its maximum potential energy and minimum kinetic energy at point Q

A 0.15 kilogram baseball and a 7.25 kilogram bowling ball are both rolling along at 3 m/sec. Which object is easier to stop and why?

The baseball because it has less inertia

The graph above shows how the speed of a bus changes during part of a journey. Which description best matches section BC?

The bus is slowing down after the traffic light ahead turns red

The graph above shows how the speed of a bus changes during part of a journey. Which description best matches section AB?

The bus is traveling at a constant speed

Based on the setup below, which of the following statements is true? (Assume the car starts at rest and there is no friction.)

The car will never reach the egg

A fan was set on a table next to a stack of cards. The fan was turned on 'High,' blowing some of the cards off the table. Which of these statements is the best example of Newton's First Law of Motion in this situation?

The cards accelerated due to the unbalanced force of the fan

A man pushes a shopping cart at a constant speed. What happens if the man increases the force on the cart?

The cart accelerates

During a storm, a student sees a rock fall from a cliff and smash into another rock below. Which of the following is an application of Newton's Second Law of Motion?

The falling rock hit the rock below with a huge amount of force due to its large mass

Which graph represents the relationship between the gravitational acceleration of a falling body and the mass of the body?

The first graph constant

Which pair of graphs best represents the same motion of an object?

The first set

Which graph best represents the relationship between the magnitude of the gravitational force and the distance between two objects?

The fourth graph

A cheetah runs with a positive acceleration. What does this tell you about the velocity-time graph for the cheetah?

The graph has a positive slope

A coin is flipped straight up from the surface of the Earth. Which one of the following statements describes the energy transformation of the coin as it rises? Neglect air resistance.

The kinetic energy decreases and the potential energy increases

A person strikes a ball with a bat. The temperature of the ball increases by 0.06 °C. What accounts for the increase?

The kinetic energy of the moving bat was used to increase the thermal energy of the ball

The force required to start an object sliding across a uniform horizontal surface is larger than the force required to keep the object sliding at a constant velocity. The magnitudes of the required forces are different in these situations because

The kinetic friction force is less than the static friction force.

A spaceship drifts sideways in outer space from point P to point Q as shown above. The spaceship is subject to no outside forces. Starting at position Q, the spaceship's engine is turned on and produces a constant thrust (force on the spaceship) at right angles to the line PQ. The constant thrust is maintained until the spaceship reaches a point R in space. Which of the paths best represents the path of the spaceship between points Q and R?

The last diagram

A constant unbalanced force is applied to an object for a period of time. Which graph best represents the acceleration of the object as a function of the elapsed time?

The last graph straight line horizontally

A horizontal force acts on a block sliding on a horizontal surface. The force of kinetic friction between the block and the surface is ½F. If the direction of the applied force, F, is reversed, which is true?

The magnitude of the acceleration of the block remains the same.

Which of the following is a correct statement?

The mass of an object is independent of the force of gravity acting on an object

In the figure above, student A has a mass of 75 kg and student B has a mass of 57 kg. They sit in identical office chairs facing each other. Student A places his bare feet on the knees of student B, as shown. Student A then suddenly pushes outward with his feet, causing both chairs to move.

The momentum of student A is the same as that of student B

A bicycle rider would NOT be accelerating if her:

direction and speed were constant

A student standing motionless on roller skates throws a basketball forward. How does the momentum of the student on skates compare to the momentum of the basketball?

The momentum of the student is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the momentum of the basketball

Given the free body diagram above, which of the following statements is true?

The net force in along the x-axis is 250 N The net force in along the y-axis is 125 N

Which of the following would not be an example of a force acting centripetally?

The normal force of a table pushing up on a spinning ball. I think

A steel ball traveling at 6 m/s hits a stationary line of three steel balls of the same mass as the original. Which statement is true if the collision is perfectly elastic?

The original ball stops and a single ball moves to the right at 6 m/s.

The graph above represents the energy of a swinging pendulum. What can you conclude about the pendulum at the instant shown by the graph (just past 2 s)?

The pendulum is at its lowest point

As a pendulum swings from its highest to its lowest position along an arc, what happens to its kinetic energy and potential energy?

The potential energy decreases while the kinetic energy increases

What does Newton's second law describe?

The relationship between force, mass, and acceleration

You are driving down the highway with your cruise control on (moving at a constant speed). Which of the following distance vs. time graph best matches this situation?

The second picture that is linear and positive

Which of the following is equal to an object's acceleration?

The slope of that object's velocity-time graph

A ball falls from a height h from a tower. Which of the following statements is true?

The sum of the mechanical kinetic and gravitational potential energies of the ball is a constant

News outlets talk about the "energy crisis" and the "energy shortage". What are they talking about?

The supply of forms of energy which are cheap and relatively easy to use is decreasing here on earth

A book rests on a table. The force of gravity pulls down on the book with a force of 20 Newtons. What prevents the book from accelerating downward at 9.81 m/sec²?

The table presses back up on the book with an equal and opposite force of 20 Newtons

The bar chart above shows the distribution of the potential, kinetic, and total energies for a pendulum in the position shown. The bar chart below represents the energy of the same pendulum in which of the answers shown?

The third graph

A car drives around a racetrack for 30 seconds. What do you need to know to calculate the average speed of the car?

The total distance the car traveled

The speed-versus-time bar graph for a fan cart experiment is shown above. What could have happened?

The track was frictionless, and the fan was changed from High to Off after 8 seconds.

A water skier is pulled behind a boat. When the skis push down on the water, what is the reaction force?

The water pushes up on the skis

You slide a hockey puck across a very smooth ice surface. According to Newton, why will the puck eventually slow down?

There are forces acting on the puck

"For every action force, there is a reaction force equal in strength and opposite in direction." This is Newton's

Third Law

Which diagram shows an object that will accelerate?

Third diagram 8N left and then two 4N Going in opposite directions on the right side

A sphere of mass 9.0 kg is moving at 8.0 m/s to the right until it smacks into a second stationary sphere of mass 5.0 kg. After the collision, both spheres travel to the right: the first sphere at 2.4 m/s, and the second sphere at 10.2 m/s. What kind of collision took place?

This is an elastic or nearly elastic collision.

One sphere of mass 2.0 kg is moving at 5.0 m/s to the right until it collides with a stationary, 1.0 kg sphere. After the collision, both spheres travel to the right: the 2.0 kg sphere at 1.0 m/s, and the 1.0 kg sphere at 2.0 m/s. What kind of collision took place?

This is an inelastic (but not perfectly inelastic) collision.

Suppose a girl is standing on a pond where there is no friction between her feet and the ice. In order to get off the ice, she can

Throw something in the direction opposite to the way she wants to go.

Jim (80.0 kg) and Tony (100.0 kg) stand motionless on ice skates, facing each other at arm's length on a smooth, frozen pond. Which of the following actions will give Tony the greatest speed?

Tony pushes Jim with 200.0 N of force for 0.080 s.

At the instant shown in the diagram, the car's centripetal acceleration is directed

Toward E

A car travels from A to B at a constant 100 km/hr. Which of the following changes?

Velocity

Which of the following is equal to the area under an acceleration-time graph?

Velocity

What does the area bound by this velocity curve and time axis represent?

displacement

Suppose you are in a car that is going around a curve. The speedometer reads a constant 30 kilometers per hour. Which of the following is NOT true?

Your velocity is constant.

Which object has the greatest inertia?

a 20 kg mass moving at 1 m/s

Which body is in equilibrium (the sum of the forces acting on it is zero)?

a block sliding at constant velocity across a horizontal tabletop

Which situation describes a system with decreasing gravitational potential energy?

a boy jumping down from a tree

A force that acts on an object by touching it is called

a contact force

Newton's third law of motion involves

a force pair acting on two different objects

Of the following objects, the one which has the most mass is:

a goodyear blimp

Suppose an object is freely falling downwards. In the absence of air resistance, each second the object falls

a larger distance than in the second before

Which object has the greatest inertia?

a seated high school student

You are running east at 8.00 km/hr. This statement would be an example of ___________.

a velocity vector

A car is rolling down a ramp. If the angle of the ramp is increased to make the ramp steeper, the car will

accelerate faster

In the diagram above, a box is on a frictionless horizontal surface with forces F1 and F2 acting as shown. If the magnitude of F1 is greater than the magnitude of F2, then the box is

accelerating in the direction of F1

A man standing on a scale in an elevator notices that the scale reads 30 newtons greater than his normal weight. Which type of movement of the elevator could cause this greater-than-normal reading?

accelerating upwards

In the absence of air resistance, objects fall at constant

acceleration

On a velocity vs. time graph, the slope of the line represents

acceleration

The scientific method is a process used to solve many problems. One of the first steps is:

asking a question

An object is dropped from rest and falls freely 20 meters to Earth. When is the speed of the object 9.8 meters per second?

at 1 second

In order to calculate the force of attraction (Fg) between the Earth and the Sun using Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, one must know the distance

between the center of the Sun to the center of the Earth.

Match the following prefixes to the appropriate description:

centi- Correct match: one hundredth (1/100) milli- Correct match: one thousandth (1/1000) kilo- Correct match: one thousand (1000) deka- Correct match: ten (10)

The unit of length that is close to the width of your finger is the:

centimeter

A spaceship drifts sideways in outer space from point P to point Q as shown above. The spaceship is subject to no outside forces. Starting at position Q, the spaceship's engine is turned on and produces a constant thrust (force on the spaceship) at right angles to the line PQ. The constant thrust is maintained until the spaceship reaches a point R in space. Beyond position R the speed of the spaceship is

constant

The displacement x of an object moving along the x‑axis is shown above as a function of time t. The acceleration of this object must be

constant but not zero

Speed that does not change is called:

constant speed

What does Part B of the displacement-time graph represent?

constant velocity (v = 0)

If the sum of all the forces acting on a moving object is zero, the object will

continue moving at a constant velocity

A car is traveling down a straight stretch of highway at 90 kilometers per hour. The driver suddenly slams on the brakes and brings the car to a quick stop. As a result, the unbelted passengers will

continue to move forward in a straight line

A spaceship drifts sideways in outer space from point P to point Q as shown above. The spaceship is subject to no outside forces. Starting at position Q, the spaceship's engine is turned on and produces a constant thrust (force on the spaceship) at right angles to the line PQ. The constant thrust is maintained until the spaceship reaches a point R in space. As the spaceship moves from point Q to point R its speed is

continuously increasing

The table above lists the coefficients of kinetic friction for four materials sliding over steel. A 10.-kilogram block of each of these materials is pulled horizontally across a steel floor at constant velocity. Which block requires the smallest applied force to keep it moving at constant velocity?

copper

A 20 kg shopping cart moving at a velocity of 0.5 m/s collides into a store wall and stops. The momentum of the shopping cart

decreased

The gravitational forces between two masses

decreases as the distance between the two masses increases.

The gravitational forces between two masses

decreases as the distance between the two masses increases. (maybe)

A ball tossed vertically upward rises, reaches its highest point, and then falls back to its starting point. During this time the acceleration of the ball is always

directed downward

As a car is driven south in a straight line with decreasing speed, the acceleration of the car must be

directed northward

As a car is driven south in a straight line with decreasing speed, the force causing this acceleration on the car must be...

directed northward

Earth's path around the sun brings it closer to the sun during some parts of the year and further away at other times. According to Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion, Earth's speed is

faster at times when it is closer to the sun.

You are driving down the highway with your cruise control on (moving at a constant speed). Which of the following speed vs. time graphs best matches this situation?

first graph

Which of the following is NOT one of Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion?

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

A simple machine often multiplies your:

force

The table shows times required for the same toy car to travel 10 m across an identical section of a floor after it is pushed. The difference in times was probably caused by differences in

force exerted

Newton had the insight to see that the -

force pulling on the moon has the same nature as the weight of an object sitting on the surface of the earth

Newton had the insight to see that the -

force pulling on the moon has the same nature as the weight of an object sitting on the surface of the earth. I think

The formula for work is:

force • change in displacement

Mr. Smith drops two baseballs from the roof of the school. The first baseball falls for 4 seconds, the second baseball falls for 8 seconds.Compared to the first baseball, the second baseball falls

four times as far

Which pair of quantities could be used to determine the coefficient of friction (m) for the granite on the concrete?

frictional force (Ff) and and the normal force (FN) on the block.

The gravitational field of the planet Earth

has a strength of 9.80 newtons per kilogram

In the speed vs. time graph above, the object at point C:

has negative acceleration

Two objects are dropped from rest in the absence of air friction. The second object is released onesecond after the first object is released. Consequently the distance separating them as they fall

increases

Halley's Comet is in a highly elliptical orbit around the sun. Therefore the orbital speed of Halley's Comet, while traveling around the sun,

increases as it nears the Sun.

Which variable is usually plotted on the x-axis?

independent

Objects tend to resist changes in motion. This property is called:

inertia

When a basketball player jumps to make a shot, once the feet are off the floor, the jumper's acceleration

is always -9.81 m/s²

When an object moves in uniform circular motion, the direction of its acceleration is

is directed toward the center of its circular path.

When the forces on an object are balanced, we say that the object

is in equilibrium

A student stands on a bathroom scale in an elevator. The scale would read zero when the elevator

is in free-fall after the cable breaks

What happens to the time an object travels if its speed increases and the distance remains the same?

it decreases

If an object is acted on by a net external force

it must be accelerating

A ball is thrown at an angle of 38° to the horizontal. What happens to the magnitude of the ball's vertical acceleration during the total time that the ball is in the air?

it remains constant

What does it mean for a light bulb to be rated at 100 Watts?

it uses 100 Joules of energy every second it is left on

You are making a circular turn in your car on a horizontal road when you hit a big patch of ice, causing the friction between the tires and the road to become zero. While the car is on the ice, it

moves along a straight-line path in its original direction.

You are driving a car, and unwisely place a cup of coffee on your dash board. When making a sharp left turn, from your frame of reference (an accelerated one) it appears that as you turn left your coffee cup accelerates to your right across the dash board and upon impact with the passenger side of the car spills all over your passenger door. An observer in a stationary hovering helicopter from above in an inertial (or un-accelerated) frame of reference would notice the coffee cup

moves in a straight line (does not accelerate)

5 N of force is being applied to an object for 10 seconds, but the object does not move. How much work is being done?

no work is being done, 0 J

If a bicycle is moving at constant speed, we can say with certainty that

none of the above statements are correct

A lab cart is loaded with different masses and moved at various velocities. Which diagram shows the cart-mass system with the greatest inertia?

object with the greatest mass of 4kg

A large moving ball collides with a small stationary ball. The momentum

of the large ball decreases, and the momentum of the small ball increases

The diagram above represents two satellites of equal mass, A and B, in circular orbits around a planet. Compared to the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between satellite A and the planet, the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between satellite B and the planet is

one-fourth as great

If the earth were four times as far from the sun as it is now, the gravitational force between it and the sun would be

one-sixteenth as strong

Friction

opposes the relative motion between the two surfaces in contact.

Match the following using the v-t graph shown above:

order: B, C, A, D

A car goes around a circular curve on a horizontal road at constant speed. What is the direction of the friction force on the car due to the road?

perpendicular to the curve inward.

When you stretch a rubber band and then shoot it, the ________ from when it stretched changes to kinetic energy.

potential energy

What does the slope of the graph above represent?

power

If some measurements agree closely with each other but differ widely from the actual value, these measurements are

precise but not accurate

A child is riding on a merry-go-round. As the speed of the merry-go-round is doubled, the magnitude of the centripetal force acting the child is

quadrupled

A car travels at a constant speed on a flat, circular track. Which factor, when doubled, will decrease the centripetal force on the car?

radius of the track

The graph above represents the motion of an object. According to the graph, as time increases, the velocity of the object

remains the same

A force is applied to stop a moving shopping cart. Increasing the distance over which the work is done:

requires a smaller force

The inertia of a body tends to cause the body to

resist any change in its motion

A rock is tied to a string and swung in a clockwise, vertical circle. When the rock is at the position shown, which of the following indicates the direction of vt (tangential velocity), ac (centripetal acceleration), and/or Fg (weight)?

second graph