unit 3 env sci test

Oceans make up 71 percent of the Earth's surface. Why isn't that much water capable of diluting or absorbing human chemical spills and trash dumps?

Human activities can upset the balance of ocean ecosystems.

In cellular respiration, what is produced?

CO2 + H2O + E

How do lichens contribute to primary succession?

Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil

Where would an ecologist be least likely to go to study primary succession?

The Amazon Rain Forest

Which of the following is a characteristic of swamps?

a low-lying area with trees in standing water

One way in which wetlands control flooding is by

absorbing water from rivers.

What is the source of most ocean pollution?

activities on land

Which organism is likely to be at the bottom trophic level of a food chain?

algae

Estuaries

are ecosystems where both fresh water and salt water are present.

Biomes

are usually described by their vegetation.

Animals that live in the desert

are usually nocturnal

Which of these consumers might depend on a rabbit for its energy?

coyote

If you visited a savanna, you would likely see

large herds of grazing animals, such as rhinos, gazelles, and giraffes.

Which of the following is not a water-conserving adaptation of desert organisms?

large leaves

Which of the following plants is likely to be a pioneer species?

lichen

Which of these is a large reservoir of nitrogen that is unusable by most organisms?

soil

Which of the following is a factor that influences where an organism lives in an aquatic ecosystem?

sunlight nutrient availability temperature

Wetlands are beneficial because they

support a wide variety of plant and animal life. provide recreational areas. play an important role in flood control.

Birds that migrate during winter, coniferous plants, and cold temperatures represent

taiga

What type of vegetation would you expect to find on an abandoned farm that has been undisturbed by humans for more than 150 years?

tall, mature oak trees

Extreme temperatures, abundant precipitation, rich, deep soils, and a growing season of four to six months represent a

temperate deciduous forest.

In the carbon cycle, where do the producers get their carbon?

the atmosphere

Coral reefs are intricately shaped rock like structures that are formed as a result of

the secretion of calcium carbonate by tiny marine animals.

What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all organisms?

the sun

The biome with the highest species diversity is the

tropical rain forest.

Which biome is characterized by permafrost?

tundra

For which of the following animals are coastal wetlands not a habitat?

a coral polyp

A plant has 100,000 kcal and it is consumed by an antelope who is consumed by a lion who is consumed by a vulture. How many kcal of energy can be transferred to the vulture?

100

Which gas makes up 78 percent of our atmosphere but can be used by plants only when transformed by bacteria first?

Nitrogen

Why do ecosystems usually contain only a few trophic levels?

Not enough energy is available in the higher trophic levels to support more trophic levels.

In photosynthesis, what is produced?

O2 +C6H12O6

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Photosynthesis creates sugar molecules and oxygen by using light energy, water, and carbon dioxide; cellular respiration uses the products of photosynthesis for cellular energy.

Why doesn't photosynthesis occur in deep ocean water?

There is no sunlight.

Where are fossil fuels located?

beneath the ocean floor deep within Earth the surface of Earth

In the _____ zone, the water is cool and dark.

benthic

The energy consumed by organisms

can be stored in fat and sugar molecules

Factors that influence where plants grow include

climate

What kind of natural disaster helps some forest communities by allowing some trees to release their seeds, by clearing away deadwood, and by encouraging new growth?

fire

What term is used to describe a linear sequence in which energy is transmitted from one organism to the next as each organism eats another organism?

food chain

What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem?

food web

Consumers are organisms that

get their energy by eating other organisms

Which organism would occupy the level on an energy pyramid with the most energy

grass

A consumer that eats only producers is called a(n)

herbivore

Coral reefs are threatened today primarily because of

human activities.

Where would you most likely find nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

on the roots of legumes

Which of the following is a threat to coral reefs?

pesticides oil spills sewage

In an area that has a high temperature and high precipitation rate, you are likely to find

plentiful vegetation.

As you move from the equator toward the North Pole, you would be likely to see

rain forests, then deserts, then taiga.

Estuaries are productive ecosystems because they constantly receive nutrients from

rivers and oceans.

Which ecosystem has the highest level of salinity?

salt marsh