unit 3 part 2

Describe the roles of LDLs and HDLs. (Module 23.10C)

LDLs deliver cholesterol to tissues and HDLs absorb unused cholesterol and return it to the liver

Which hormone inhibits the satiety center and stimulates appetite in the short term? (Module 23.18A)

Ghrelin

When and how do ketone bodies form? (Module 23.13B)

during the postabsorptive state when lipids and amino acids are broken down by the liver

A balanced diet would include all of the following, except

enough calories to produce 100 million trillion ATPs

Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called

essential fatty acids.

Identify the two classes of vitamins. (Module 23.14B)

fat-soluble and water-soluble

All of the following take place during the absorptive state except

ketone bodies begin to form.

The energy content of foods is commonly given in units of

kilocalories (also, kcal or Cal).

The hormone ________, which suppresses appetite and stimulates satiety, is released by adipose tissue

leptin

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called

metabolism.

Glycolysis breaks down glucose into what?

pyruvate

Homeostatic control of body temperature is termed

thermoregulation

In amino acid metabolism, identify the processes by which the amino group is removed. (Module 23.12B)

transamination or deamination

Name the heat conservation mechanism that conducts heat form deep arteries to adjacent deep veins in the limbs. (Module 23.20C)

countercurrent exchange

Predict the effect of peripheral vasodilation on a person's body temperature. (Module 23.20A)

Body temperature would decrease.

Explain why carbohydrates are preferred over proteins and lipids as an energy source. (Module 23.9C)

Proteins and lipids are more important as structural components of cells and tissues.

Describe leptin and its effect on appetite. (Module 23.18B)

Leptin is a peptide hormone produced by adipose tissues during the synthesis of triglycerides and it signals satiety.

________ creates 90 percent of the ATP normally generated.

Oxidative phosphorylation

The minimum resting energy expenditure of an awake, alert person is called

basal metabolic rate.

Excessive amounts of vitamin E can lead to

blurred vision.

It's been 5 hours since you had breakfast and now you're thinking about trying the new Mexican lunch place that just opened up across the street. The more you think about it, the hungrier you get. Your increased hunger is the result of the ________ that your empty stomach is releasing into your bloodstream.

ghrelin

The process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrates is called

gluconeogenesis.

A disorder caused by the ingestion of excessive quantities of a fat-soluble vitamin is known as

hypervitaminosis.

The major job of coenzymes in oxidative phosphorylation includes all of the following except

the breaking of carbon-carbon covalent bonds.

Reactions within ________ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell

the mitochondria