Unit 3-Rock cycle
Rock cycle
A cycle where rock materials are constantly being recycled and each rock type can become a different type through out this cycle
Soil
A material that usually is consisting of organic remains,rock particles,and clay that is black or dark brown,this is where plants grow and is the top layer of the earth
Carbonation
A mixture of carbon dioxide gas and water
Laterite
A reddish clay like material rich in iron and aluminum oxides formed by weathering
Clastic sedimentary
A rock formed from fragments of other rocks that have been weathered and eroded
chemical sedimentary
A rock that is formed from minerals that were once dissolved in water
Organic sedimentary
A rock the is formed from the remains or traces of animals and/or plants
Mineral
A substance that is inorganic and is happening naturally
Chemical weathering
An erosion of rocks caused by a chemical reaction
Ripple marks
Are formed from the action of wind or water on sand
Foliation
Being split into thin pieces
Hydrolysis
Chemical breakdown of a compound due to a reaction with water;water breaking
soil profile
Cross sections where layers of soil and bedrock can be seen
epicenter
Exact point on the surface of earth directly above the location of where the earthquake occurs
Sedimentary
Fragments that result from the breaking (weathering) of rocks, minerals, and organic matter.
Mafic
Igneous rocks that are dark-colored minerals
Felsic
Igneous rocks that are light-colored minerals
Abrasion
Is the scraping of the surface of a rock due to friction or moving particles mostly during wind,erosion,glaciers,waves,ect.
Sand
Largest particle size(0.06 mm-2 mm)
stratification
Layering which occurs there is a change in the kind of sediment that is deposited
Soil Horizon
Layers parallel to the soils surface who's characteristics are different from the layers above and beneath
Silt
Medium particle size(0.002 mm-0.06 mm) is weathered from rocks that have quartz
Mass Movement
Movement of surface due to gravity
Rift valley
Occurs when there are two plates spreading apart
Erosion
Removing of rocks and soil by natural causes
Metamorphic
Rocks formed form existing rocks with heat and pressure-the heat is from magma and pressure from the tectonic plates
Igneous
Rocks that are formed from the cooling of liquid rock
Extrusive igneous
Rocks that form deep beneath the earth
Intrusive igneous
Rocks that form on/near the earths surface
Frothy
Small bubbles in a rock
Porphyry
Small crystal in an igneous rock
Oxidation
The results/process of combining or being combined chemically with oxygen
Exfoliation
This involves the removal of the oldest dead skin cells on the skins outmost surface
Weathering
To wear away or change the appearance/texture by natural causes
Mechanical Weathering
When a rock is broken down into smaller pieces of the same material
Contact metamorphism
When hot magma pushes through existing rock and changes the structure and composition of the surrounding rock
Physical Weathering
When rocks are breaking apart but without changing the chemical composition
Compaction
When sediments are pushed together and compacted
Regional metamorphic
When tectonic plates push against each other causing heat and pressure that chemically changes the minerals in the rock
Precipitation
When the minerals clump together and fall out of solution
Evaporation
When water evaporates and leaves the dissolved minerals behind
Cementation
When water passes through the sediments and dissolved minerals left behind act as a cement to hold the sediments together which hardens the sediments
Talus
a pile of rocks that gather up at the bottom of a slope
Gravitational potential energy
energy an object possesses
faults
fracture in a rock in which there is movement
fault zones
large expanses of rock where movement has occured
Regolith
layer of weathered rock fragments
Richter scale
measure the magnitude of an earthquake
Subduction
one plate passing under another
Athenosphere
outer part of the mantle
hot spots
places where molten material from the mantle reaches lithosphere
Humus
plant or animal material
continental plates
plates that lie beneath landmasses
oceanic plates
plates that lie beneath the oceans
divergent plate boundaries
plates that move away from each other
transform fault
plates that move sideways past eachother
convergent plates
plates that move towards one another and collide
Lithification
process which turns sediment into a sedimentary rock by compaction and cementation
Pedocal
receives less than 65 cm of rain a year contains Ca, less acidic, very fertile;found W. of Mississippi river
Pedalfur
receives more than 65 cm of rain a year contains mostly clay, quartz and iron; acidic;found E. of Mississippi river
Deposition
settlements moving from one location and settling in another location
Clay
smallest particle(less than 0.002 mm) is weathered from rocks that have feldspar or aluminum
Mechanical potential energy
sum of potential and kinetic energy
Parent rock
the original rock from something else that was formed
Bed rock
unweathered rock that is solid beneath the regolith
lithosphere
upper mantle and crust
Frost Wedging
when freezing and unfreezing is happening of water in highly cold weather so when the water freezes this expands,this is a form of physical weathering
seafloor spreading
when oceanic plates move apart
Pangea
when the continents were once joined in one single continent
