Unit 3: The Age of Enlightenment

pathos

the emotional appeal (sadness)

Epistrophe

the repitition of a word or words at the end of successive lines, clauses, or sentences.

ben franklin

used aphorisms polly baker - uses voice of a woman to make his point - humor

ethos

ethical appeal (the author)

thomas paine

- uses metaphors - wrote common sense and the crisis - wrote them to -- promote the idea of war with Britain -- to support the idea of unity -- get people to join continental army - boosts the moral troops in 1776

inductive reasoning

- uses specific examples to make a general conclusion

Parallel Structures

2 phrases or clauses that are constructed in the exact same way in parts of speech

abigail adams

Abigail wrote to John Adams about the Declaration of Independence Remember her quote: "Remember the ladies."-Abigail "You know that you already run the household"-John The rights of women were always overlooked We should be treated with equality bc we all have the ability to reason

alexander hamilton

Federalist Wrote federalist #1 Introduction to other 84 federalist papers Know how he talks about the idea that they need to redo the constitution because the Articles of confederation failed Know that he talks about the idea whether or not men can put aside individual aspirations (special interests) to form a union Stresses that the states need to do the same thing (come together, unity) Anticipating what the opponents are gonna say about constitution They don't want changes because they are in power People afraid of losing money Talks about the idea of moderation especially in the sides of a debate Moderate their emotions Makes the argument that a strong central gov't protects the rights of the individuals because the central gov't protects the common good therefore the rights of individuals Despotism (VERY IMPORTANT) Writes federalist papers to argue for the ratification of the constitution

john adams

Husband of Abigail Adams Kind of responded to Abigail's letter disregarding her desire for female rights using humor and kind of banter.

Aphorism

Like a proverb, expresses a general truth or a clever observation about life Ex. (Ben Franklin) "Early to bed, early to rise will make a man healthy and wise."

thomas jefferson

Main writer of the Declaration of Independence( help from John Adams and 2 others) Its an argument Know how he used inductive and deductive reasoning in his argument Know preamble: "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."

Anaphora

The repetition of a word or words at the beginning of successive lines, clauses, or sentences Ex: "mad world! Mad kings! Mad composition!"

patrick henry

Thomas Jefferson thought he had "more command over the passions than any man I ever knew." Opposed the stamp act Helped draw up Virginia'sVirginia's first state constitution and was elected Virginia's first governor. Speech in the Virginia Convention Henry uses various tropes (metaphors), rhetorical devices, allusions (classical and biblical) and parallel structure in the speech. Used extended metaphor of slavery Uses appeals of logos, pathos, and established ethos Acknowledges the opposing viewpoint (war against Britain is unwinnable) and refutes it effectively Know why he addresses house of burgesses Does this to adopt resolutions that would hook up Virginia with the other colonies through standing committee of correspondence

analogy

a point by point comparison between two things for the purpose of clarifying the less familiar of the two subjects

epithet

an adjective or adjective phrase appropriately qualifying a subject by naming a key or important characteristic of the subject - can be an abusive insulting word or phrase

logos

an appeal based on logic or reason

allusion

an indirect reference to a person, place, event, or literary work with which the author believes the reader will be familiar - the implied comparisons are intended to strengthen the writers argument

deductive reasoning

general examples to a specific conclusion - if this, then that

polysyndeton

repitition of conjunctions

Asyndeton

when there is no conjunctioon between a series of words, phrases, or clauses

understatement

when you are being ironic, deliberately express an idea as less important than it actually is