Unit 3: The Cell

Which structure carries genetic instructions? Mitochondria Cytoplasm Nucleus DNA

DNA

A nucleus is an example of an __________, a membrane-enclosed structure that fulfills some specialized function in the cell

organelle

Eukaryotic cells are more complex and have specialized structures for carrying out specific functions. These structures are called

organelles

small, simple cells that make single-celled organisms; bacteria are the most prevalent kind eukaryotes or prokaryotes

prokaryotes

The enzymes this patient is missing are found in an organelle which is responsible for cellular digestion. What are other roles of this organelle? (Select all that apply) assist in protein production for export recycle cellular parts destroy external invaders extract nutrients from foods

recycle cellular parts destroy external invaders

The __________ uses the information from the nucleus to accomplish what function?

ribosome and to assemble proteins

A structure that builds the proteins Vesicles DNA ribosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

ribosomes

Cells also have __________, the structures that facilitate the building of proteins

ribosomes

Location of protein synthesis chloroplast mitochondrion ribosomes vacuole

ribosomes

A series of membranes and tubes used to synthesize proteins Vesicles DNA ribosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

rough endoplasmic reticulum but ribosomes are in it

Vesicles interact with the cytoskeleton to accomplish its task

transport molecules within a cell

Storage compartment for the cell chloroplast mitochondrion ribosomes vacuole

vacuole

.

.

What is ATP? A structural component of the cell An enzyme that digests nutrients A molecule that stores energy An organelle involved in protein synthesis

A molecule that stores energy

A researcher contacts you because she is interested in finding patients for a recently funded study. The researcher is looking for patients with polycystic kidney disease. This is a genetic disorder that produces cysts in the kidneys, which inhibits kidney function. Current evidence indicates that this disease may be linked to cilia malformation in the kidneys. What are cilia? A. Appendages that project outward from the cell and helps the cell move or helps materials move across the cell surface B. Proteins laid out like railroad tracks throughout the cell that move vesicles to their proper location C. Membrane folds inside the mitochondria that assist with aerobic respiration D. Enzymes in the nucleolus that are responsible for the production of ribosomes

A. Appendages that project outward from the cell and helps the cell move or helps materials move across the cell surface

Which have a nucleus that holds the DNA A. Eukaryotic B. Prokaryotic C. Both

A. Eukaryotic

Which have other organelles that have various functions A. Eukaryotic B. Prokaryotic C. Both

A. Eukaryotic

What is the function of the ribosome? A. The ribosome builds proteins using the information contained in DNA. B. The ribosome is the site for all chemical reactions of the cell. C. The ribosome provides information for building proteins. D. The ribosome makes energy that is usable by the cell.

A. The ribosome builds proteins using the information contained in DNA.

Control center A. nucleus B. nuclear membrane C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. ribosome F. mitochondrion G. rough endoplasmic reticulum H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. Golgi apparatus J. vesicle K. vacuole L. lysosome

A. nucleus

Antibiotics are medications that you can use to help fight bacterial infections when you are sick. Which statement is probably true about antibiotics? Antibiotics are only poisonous to prokaryotic cells. Antibiotics are only poisonous to eukaryotic cells. Antibiotics are poisonous to all cells. This is why you should not take antibiotics very often.

Antibiotics are only poisonous to prokaryotic cells.

Surrounds nucleus A. nucleus B. nuclear membrane C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. ribosome F. mitochondrion G. rough endoplasmic reticulum H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. Golgi apparatus J. vesicle K. vacuole L. lysosome

B. nuclear membrane

Cell membrane Prokaryotes only Eukaryotes only Both

Both

Which have DNA that store genetic information A. Eukaryotic B. Prokaryotic C. Both

C. Both

Which have a cell membrane that controls what goes in and out of the cell A. Eukaryotic B. Prokaryotic C. Both

C. Both

Which have cytoplasm that holds the contents of the cell; chemical reactions A. Eukaryotic B. Prokaryotic C. Both

C. Both

Which have ribosomes that build proteins A. Eukaryotic B. Prokaryotic C. Both

C. Both

Fluid portion of a cell A. nucleus B. nuclear membrane C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. ribosome F. mitochondrion G. rough endoplasmic reticulum H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. Golgi apparatus J. vesicle K. vacuole L. lysosome

C. cytoplasm

Which of the following structures would be a good target for an antibiotic used to treat human diseases? Why? Mitochondria Cell wall Cell membrane Chloroplast

Cell wall, bacteria have cell walls and human cells do not. Therefore, targeting the cell wall would be a safe and effective strategy.

What is the link between cellular digestion and excess stores of carbohydrates? Cellular digestion produces these carbohydrates. If digestion occurs too rapidly, these carbohydrates will build up. Cellular digestion breaks down these carbohydrates. If digestion doesn't occur fast enough, the carbohydrates build up

Cellular digestion breaks down these carbohydrates. If digestion doesn't occur fast enough, the carbohydrates build up

Which organelle, not found in animal cells, is responsible for generating sugar molecules? Ribosome Golgi apparatus Chloroplast Nucleus Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

__________ capture energy from the sun and use that energy to build sugar molecules. Mitochondria then harvest the energy stored in the sugar molecules and use it to do work

Chloroplasts

What two organelles are responsible for providing energy for cellular functions

Chloroplasts and mitochondria

___________ are unique organelles able to harvest solar energy to make sugars from carbon dioxide. This process, called ___________

Chloroplasts and photosynthesis

Many chemical reactions in the cell occur in the fluid substance that fills the cell. What is this substance called? Cell membrane DNA Cytoplasm Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

is the space in which the chemical reactions that enable life take place

Cytoplasm

Allows molecules in and out A. nucleus B. nuclear membrane C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. ribosome F. mitochondrion G. rough endoplasmic reticulum H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. Golgi apparatus J. vesicle K. vacuole L. lysosome

D. cell membrane

All cells also have _________, the genetic material needed to provide the instructions for building the cell's machinery

DNA

At some point in their life cycle, all cells also contain __________, which contains the instructions for synthesizing all the cell's proteins

DNA

Contains the instructions for how to build the proteins Vesicles DNA ribosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

DNA

Assembles proteins A. nucleus B. nuclear membrane C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. ribosome F. mitochondrion G. rough endoplasmic reticulum H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. Golgi apparatus J. vesicle K. vacuole L. lysosome

E. ribosome

In which organelle are proteins and lipids synthesized? Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome Cytoskeleton Mitochondrion Lysosome

Endoplasmic reticulum

Product assembly Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Golgi apparatus Vacuoles

Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus Prokaryotes only Eukaryotes only Both

Eukaryotes only

Provides usable energy in the form of ATP A. nucleus B. nuclear membrane C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. ribosome F. mitochondrion G. rough endoplasmic reticulum H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. Golgi apparatus J. vesicle K. vacuole L. lysosome

F. mitochondrion

Chloroplasts play an important role in the storage of cellular materials True or False

False, chloroplasts are the organelles in which photosynthesis takes place

are long extensions from the surface of the cell that can move back and forth to help the cell move

Flagella

Which structure allows the cell to move? Endoplasmic reticulum Flagellum Golgi apparatus Chloroplast Vacuole

Flagellum

Works with ribosomes A. nucleus B. nuclear membrane C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. ribosome F. mitochondrion G. rough endoplasmic reticulum H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. Golgi apparatus J. vesicle K. vacuole L. lysosome

G. rough endoplasmic reticulum

Determines where proteins will be sent Vesicles DNA ribosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

Golgi apparatus

Packaging and shipping center Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Golgi apparatus Vacuoles

Golgi apparatus

The _________ is the packaging and shipping center of the cell, where the proteins that were built by the ER assembly line are delivered to different parts of the cell, or in multicellular organisms, to different parts of the body. Often it packages proteins in vesicles and vacuoles, which are membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport.

Golgi apparatus

Makes lipids A. nucleus B. nuclear membrane C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. ribosome F. mitochondrion G. rough endoplasmic reticulum H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. Golgi apparatus J. vesicle K. vacuole L. lysosome

H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Modifies and ships molecules A. nucleus B. nuclear membrane C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. ribosome F. mitochondrion G. rough endoplasmic reticulum H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. Golgi apparatus J. vesicle K. vacuole L. lysosome

I. Golgi apparatus

Transports molecules within a cell A. nucleus B. nuclear membrane C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. ribosome F. mitochondrion G. rough endoplasmic reticulum H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. Golgi apparatus J. vesicle K. vacuole L. lysosome

J. vesicle

Stores substances A. nucleus B. nuclear membrane C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. ribosome F. mitochondrion G. rough endoplasmic reticulum H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. Golgi apparatus J. vesicle K. vacuole L. lysosome

K. vacuole

Digests invaders and cell parts A. nucleus B. nuclear membrane C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. ribosome F. mitochondrion G. rough endoplasmic reticulum H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. Golgi apparatus J. vesicle K. vacuole L. lysosome

L. lysosome

Is it accurate to say that animal cells have cell membranes, but plant cells have cell walls instead? Why?

No, a plant cell has both a membrane and a cell wall.

Which structure is responsible for controlling what goes into and out of the nucleus? Vesicle Flagellum Nuclear membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Cell membrane

Nuclear membrane

Control center Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Golgi apparatus Vacuoles

Nucleus

have their own membrane to partition them off from the rest of the cell and to allow them to specialize in a certain function

Organelles

Nucleoid Prokaryotes only Eukaryotes only Both

Prokaryotes only

The rough endoplasmic reticulum collaborates with what organelle to produce important molecules the cells need to function.

Ribosome

are the molecular machines that use the instructions contained in the DNA to build all the proteins needed by the cell

Ribosomes

Storage containers Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Golgi apparatus Vacuoles

Vacuoles

Packages used to move proteins to the correct location Vesicles DNA ribosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

Vesicles

__________ are specialized for transport and some other functions. Their membranes can fuse with the cell membrane, allowing them to empty their contents into the space outside the cell.

Vesicles

are small membrane bound structures that are used to transport materials throughout the cell.

Vesicles

Which of the following statements is false Prokaryotic DNA is circular while eukaryotic DNA is linear. Prokaryotes were present on earth before eukaryotes. Viruses are prokaryotic. Prokaryotes are smaller than eukaryotes.

Viruses are prokaryotic.

You observe a green cell with a cell wall but no nucleus under the microscope. This cell is most likely __________. a plant cell an animal cell a bacterium

a bacterium Bacteria are prokaryotes, and they do not have nuclei, but do have a cell wall

All cells have a __________. This acts as the boundary or edge of the cell and controls what goes in and out

cell membrane

Most organelles are found in the cytoplasm, which is the substance found between the nucleus and the __________

cell membrane

The __________ provides a barrier between the interior and exterior of the cell and it regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell

cell membrane

The __________ is a layer outside the cell membrane that provides a rigid structural support

cell wall

The __________ is a porous structure that protects, supports, and gives shape to the cell

cell wall

In plants, the cell wall is made of __________, which is a complex carbohydrate that is very durable

cellulose

Uses the energy from sunlight to produce sugars chloroplast mitochondrion ribosomes vacuole

chloroplast

A single molecule of DNA is called

chromosome

The __________ is made up of the cytosol and parts of the cell.

cytoplasm

the substance inside of the cell is called

cytoplasm

Within the cytoplasm is the _________, a framework of filaments that act as structural support and provide a way to move things around the cytoplasm.

cytoskeleton

Within the cytoplasm is the __________, a network of filaments that provide support and a framework for the cell to move things around in the cytoplasm

cytoskeleton

All new cells are created by pre-existing cells doing what?

dividing

Factories often have assembly lines that put together the company's product. In the cell, proteins and other cellular components are put together, or assembled, at the __________ reticulum (ER), a series of sacs and tubes

endoplasmic

larger and more complex cells, and most often they are multicellular organisms, including plants, animals, and fungi eukaryotes or prokaryotes

eukaryotes

Cells are categorized into what two types

eukaryotes and prokaryotes

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum produces a what type of molecule is different than what the ribosomes produces.

lipids

The __________ gets rid of unwanted things in the cell.

lysosome

are responsible for cellular digestion A. nucleus B. nuclear membrane C. cytoplasm D. cell membrane E. ribosome F. mitochondrion G. rough endoplasmic reticulum H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. Golgi apparatus J. vesicle K. vacuole L. lysosome

lysosomes

Most factories need some sort of power plant that converts fuel into a form of energy that can be captured to do work. In the cell, this job is accomplished by organelles called _________, which take fuel in the form of sugar (glucose) and convert it to usable energy ATP.

mitochondria

The __________ provides the ATP needed by the cell.

mitochondria

Transfers the energy from sugars to ATP chloroplast mitochondrion ribosomes vacuole

mitochondrion

The nucleus is surrounded by a double-layered membrane __________

nuclear envelope

Prokaryotic cells have DNA, and it is localized to one area of the cell, the __________

nucleoid region

Eukaryotic cells have a __________, but prokaryotic cells do not

nucleus

is a specialized compartment found in eukaryotic cells for holding DNA

nucleus

The _________ is the control center of the cell and it stores _________, which contains the instructions for how to build all the protein products required by the cell

nucleus and DNA