Unit 4 ch 12

A person is most likely to go along with the group if the size of the group is:

4 5* 6 7

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

FOOT-IN-THE-DOOR TECHNIQUE effort justification strategy door-in-the-face strategy lowball technique

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present. GROUP MEMBERS MODIFY THEIR OPINIONS TO MATCH WHAT THEY BELIEVE IS THE GROUP CONSENSU. Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on.

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

JUST-WORLD equal status come-uppance equipoentiality

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

Leonard gets good grades in sociology and psychology, so he sends his professors a card thanking them for what good professors they are. Leonard gets bad grades in sociology and psychology, so he switches his major to biology because he will like it more. Leonard gets a bad grade in his psychology class and a good grade in his sociology class, so he believes he should study harder to prepare for his next psychology exam. LEONARD ATTRIBUTES EARNING A GOOF GRADE IN HIS PSYCHOLOGY CLASS TO THE FACT THAT HE IS AN EXCEPTIONALLY HARD WORKING STUDENT WHO IS ALSO INCREDIBLY SMART. HE BLAMES THE POOR GRADE HE RECEIVED IN HIS SOCIOLOGY CLASS ON HAVING A BAD TEACHER WHO GAVE HARD EXAMS.

What is the main point of the quizmaster study?

PEOPLE WILL OVERLOOK ABVIOUS SITUATIONAL INFLUENCES ON BAHAVIOR. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior. People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly.

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory?

People prefer to have more benefits than costs or to have nearly equal costs and benefits. People are motivated to maximize the benefits of social exchanges, or relationships, and minimize the costs. PEOPLE ARE DISSATISFIED IF THEIR SOCIAL EXCHANGES CREATE MORE COSTS THAN BENEFITS UNLESS THE RELATIONSHIP IS AN EXAMPLE OF CONSUMMATE LOVE. Most people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits.

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

Research is only useful if it can be successfully replicated time and time again. Stanley Milgram was driven by political and personal agendas that demonstrated how research can be biased. When acting in a group, people will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. INDIVIDUALS WILL OBEY AUTHORITY TO THE POINT OF POTENTIALLY CAUSING SERIOUS HARM TO ANOTHER PERSON.

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________.

Solomon Asch John Cacioppo PHILIP ZIMBARDO Stanley Milgram

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ________.

a stereotype discrimination PREJUDICE conformity

What is a main feature of the jigsaw classroom?

adults are forced to work together to solve a puzzle but does not know that there are pieces missing participants are required to express at least one of their own held biases or prejudices people work together toward a superordinate goal that cannot be achieved without cooperation STUDENTS WORK TOGETHER WITH OTHERS WHO ARE OF DIFFERENT RACIAL BACKGROUNDS OR DIFFERETN ABILITY SETS

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

aggression DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY prosocial behavior cognitive dissonance

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgram's instructions.

ally associate CONFEDERATE union

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has a high level of ________.

altruism infatuation RECIPROCITY groupthink

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence.

confirmatory groupthink informational NORMATIVE

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________.

effort justification in-group bias confirmation bias SCAPEGOATING

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other and have an active and satisfying sex life, and are each deeply committed to supporting each other. They share ________ love.

fatuous companionate CONSUMMATE romantic

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself.

haloed PERIPHERAL central compliance

Some of the participants decided to go along with the group and chose "A," even though they believed the answer was "C," because they wanted to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group. This is an example of:

informational social influence social loafing social facilitation NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE

In this video, we see a replication of the Solomon Asch line study. What was this study designed to investigate?

obedience CONFORMITY social loafing social facilitation

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes EMOTIONS AND ATTITUDESM THE SELF, AND SOCIAL COGNITION ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel any real passion toward each other. They have a relationship based on ________ love.

romantic fatuous consummate COMPANIONATE

Some of the participants chose "A," even though they originally believed the answer was "C," because the rest of the group answering "A" caused them to question their answer. They decided the group must have the correct answer. This is an example of:

social facilitation INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE social loafing normative social influence

Erika has just arrived at the funeral of her friend's father. Even though Erika is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erika is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation.

social role social norm SCRIPT heuristic

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment?

students cannot be trusted in roles of authority students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately when operating in a group, some people will put forth less effort than if they were operating alone SOCIAL ROLES ARE POWERFUL DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking ANTI-SMOKING ADVERTISEMENTS THAT USE CHARTS AND GRAPHS TO SHOW HOW MANY PEOPLE DIE FROM SMOKING-RELATED CAUSES EACH YEAR anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking GETTING YOUR PARENTS TO AGREE TO CUT THEIR SMOKING DOWN BY A FEW CIGARETTES, THEN ASKING THEM TO QUITE ALTOGETHER anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year ANTI-SMOKING ADVERTISEMENTS THAT RELY ON CELEBRITY SPOKESPEOPLE ADVOCATING FOR REDUCTIONS IN CIGARETTE USE encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week

Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like people who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, "man, that isn't a cool way to be. You do realize that you're expressing a form of prejudice called ________, don't you?"

transphobia gender dysphoria asexuality HOMOPHOBIA

When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he'd had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred, and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of ________.

sympathy infatuation EMPATHY instrumental support

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________.

the self-serving bias THE FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR groupthink the actor-observer effect

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence?

when they feel sure of their own decisions when they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions WHEN THE CORRECT CHOICE IS UNCLEAR when they really want to be liked by a group of peers

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________.

written record of a person's history, including their actions and qualities prescription for psychotropic medicine PERSON'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IN A SPECIFIC SETTING set of instructions to be carried out without deviation

What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship?

your financial wellbeing your physical attractiveness your similarity to others you meet THE AMOUNT OF CONTACT YOU HAVE WITH PEOPLE

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

Simon retreats to a corner and mopes Simon goes to sleep SIMON BITES HIS MOTHER Simon's mother gets frustrated with Simon

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

avoiding the development of any contingency plans voting publicly in front of group members SEEKING OUTSIDE OPINIONS ON GROUP DECISIONS having the group leader make their position known before discussion begins

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.

Cognitive dissonance Social facilitation GROUP POLARIZATION Social loafing

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments.

Moralism Situationism DISPOSITIONISM Collectivism

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying?

because girls' parents tend spend less time monitoring their daughters' online activities because girls are more likely to share photographs of themselves on social media sites BECAUSE IT IS A LESS DIRECT AND NONPHYSICAL FORM OF BULLYING because girls are found to spend more time online

Both in the original study and in this replication, there were a number of "fake participants." These individuals who work for the researcher and are aware of the experiment are known as:

stand-ins CONFEDERATES actors observers

What is a social role?

A PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR THAT IS EXPECTED OF A PERSON IN A GIVEN SETTING OR GROUP Group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members group's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

ASCH Milgram Zimbardo Cacioppo

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________.

CONFIRMATION BIAS availability heuristic representativeness bias self-fulfilling prophecy