Unit 4 Studying

The _____ is the transparent, protective layer that light passes through as it enters the eye.

cornea

Which theory, or concept, best explains reversed-color afterimages?

Hering's opponent-process theory (suggests that the way humans perceive colors is controlled by three opposing systems)

Person G is reading an important letter when they accidentally splash water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but they are still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by____.

Top-Down Processing

___ is a principle stating that to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a minimum percentage rather than a constant amount.

Weber's law

accurately identify examples of an absolute threshold

a cook can just barely taste the salt she has added to her soup (the smallest level of stimulus that can be detected)

If someone is washing their hands and adjusts the faucet handle until the water feels just slightly hotter than it did before, That person's adjustment until they feel a difference is an example of_____.

a difference threshold

Signal detection theory is most closely associated with this perception process:____.

absolute threshold (sdt: to measure the ability to differentiate between information-bearing patterns and random patterns that distract from the information)

identify the best example of kinesthesia

awareness of the position of your arms when swimming the back stroke (the perception of body movements/being able to detect changes in body position and movements without relying on information from the five senses)

accurately identify examples of disruption of your vestibular sense

dizziness and a loss of balance (body's set of mechanisms that monitor and adjusts the body's sense of balance and orientation to the world)

What do we call the specialized neurons in the occipital lobe's visual cortex that respond to particular edged, lines, angles, and movements?

feature detectors

Two people are ina dancing competition. It is easy for spectators to see them against the dance floor because of______.

figure-ground relationships

identify the best example of sensory interaction

finding that food tastes bland when you have a bad cold (that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste)

The primary purpose of the iris is to_____.

focus light on the retina

identify a perception process that the Gestalt psychologists would have been interested in

how an organized whole is formed out of its component pieces

The three small bones of the ear are located in the _____.

middle ear

The fovea has the greatest visual acuity in bright light primarily because the fovea is____.

only cone photoreceptors

After Person Q stares at a patch of saturated green color for a brief period of time, they look at a white surface and see a red patch of color. This perceptual phenomenon is best explained by_____.

opponent-processing theory

Our tendency to see faces in clouds and other ambiguous stimuli is partly based on this perception principle:______.

perceptual set

Frequency theory relates to which element of the hearing process?

rate at which the basilar membrane vibrates

Two monocular depth cues are most responsible for our ability to know that a jet flying overhead is at an elevation of several miles. One cue is relative size. The other is____.

relative motion

Person A is instructed by their doctor to wear a patch over one eye while an infection heals. While wearing the patch, they will lose their ability to use what depth perception cue?

retinal disparity

Person C is attending a parade that features the local high school band. Their friend, Person R, plays the trombone in the band. It is difficult for Person C to hear Person R play at the parade. What would best allow that to hear Person R's trombone?

selective attention

On their first day of work at the bakery, Person Y was nearly overwhelmed by the sweet odor of the baked goods. However, by lunchtime, they did not even notice the small. This is an example of___.

sensory adaptation

As you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. Despite this, you do not perceive him to be shrinking. This is an example of _____.

size constancy

accurately identify examples of perceptual constancy

size constancy, shape constancy, and brightness constancy

When we go to the movies, we see smooth continuous motion rather than a series of still images because of ____.

stroboscopic movement

identify a phrase that most accurately describes top-down processing

the effect that our experiences and expectations have on perception

______ is the process by which rods and cones (along with bipolar and ganglion cells) change electromagnetic energy into neural messages.

transduction

Which perception process are the hammer, anvil, and stirrup involved in?

transmitting sound waves to the cochlea

Light's ____ is the distance from one wave peak to the next. This dimension determines the ___ we experience.

wavelength, hue