UNIT 4

7. Roles develop through which of the following role episodes?

All of the above

7. Unions nearly always bargain for retirement packages and comprehensive medical plans. Recently, they have begun negotiating for advanced notice of plant closings. What need level from Maslow's hierarchy do these demands represent?

Security

Herman believes he needs balance between work and his personal life. He will not work on weekends and frequently asks for deadline extensions. He exhibits a?

Type B personality

1. Which motivational theory suggests that people will rationalize away differences between rewards they and others receive?

a. Equity

7. Which of the following schedules of reinforcement are time-based schedules?

a. Fixed-interval and variable-interval

7. Which of the following is NOT one of the basic assumptions of expectancy theory?

a. Individuals observe their own behavior and decide whether it is motivated by internal or external factors.

7. Which of the following statements BEST describes the path-goal theory of leadership?

a. It suggests that leaders can use any one of four styles of leadership as required.

7. Which of the following is a kind of power?

a. Legitimate

7. What is the major difference between the Ohio State studies and the Michigan studies of leadership?

a. One says that you can be high on both groups of leader behaviors simultaneously; the other says you cannot.

1. is a set of processes by which individuals become aware of and interpret information about their environment.

a. Perception

7. ____ is the relatively stable set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish one person from another.

a. Personality

7. Which of the following statements does NOT describe a common characteristic of people with a high need for achievement?

a. They make up one quarter of the U.S. population

1. The final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome is

a. exhaustion.

7. The reinforcement theory of motivation is the basis for using

a. instrumental compliance.

1. Someone who categorizes people based on a single attribute

a. is engaged in stereotyping.

7. When people use power and other resources to obtain what they want in an organization, they are said to be engaged in

a. leadership.

7. A person who engages in leadership activities but whose right to do so has not been formally recognized is called a(n)

a. maintenance specialist.

7. Since Jeffrey took over as CEO, the stock value has tumbled for more than two years. Jeffrey now doubts his capabilities. In other words, he has had low?

a. self-efficacy.

1. Organizations form ____ groups.

a. task and functional

7. Generally speaking, politicians have a desire for approval. This shows a need for ___?

affiliation

7. Which of the following is an example of a positive reinforcer?

b. A promotion

7. ____ dissonance refers to the conflict that individuals experience among their attitudes. a. Behavioral

b. Cognitive

7. ____ thinking is a skill that allows people to see differences between situations, phenomena, or events. a. Congruent

b. Divergent

Goal-directed effort is a function of four goal attributes. Which of the following is NOT one of those attributes?

b. Equity

7. At 9:00 a.m. every morning, a supervisor inspects all of the facilities for which she is responsible. What schedule of reinforcement is she using? a. Continuous

b. Fixed-interval

Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership?

b. It is unrealistic to combine the behavior and trait approaches in one theory.

Which stage of group development is characterized by the resolution of conflict and the development of roles?

b. Performing

Which of the following statements describes the major differences between Type B and Type A individuals?

b. Type B individuals have a more balanced approach to life.

7. The ____ component of an attitude reflects feelings and emotions that an individual has toward something.

b. affective

1. The beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, and people are known as a. personality attributes.

b. attitudes.

7. Many high school administrators have been concerned about the attention given athletes and the fact that students who are high academic achievers have been ignored. As a result, some high schools have instituted a Renaissance Program. With this program, students are rewarded for good grades with close parking, free tickets to sporting events, free meals, and coupons from community businesses. Students who were not athletes are motivated to succeed. Renaissance Programs use?

b. behavior modification.

7. Jon has a Ph.D. in organizational psychology. He works for Boeing as an executive coach. The executives have more experience and total power. Jon's primary power is ?

b. expert.

7. The CEO of a Fortune 100 company made a lot of money and enjoyed spending it on his yacht to the point of obsession. The board of directors decided it was interfering with his work performance and made him choose between the yacht and work. He chose the yacht. When the job security of other people depends on the performance of a few key leaders, ____ leadership is required. a. t​ transformational

b. e​thical

7. The ____ role is how the individual comes to think he or she should behave in the group. a. sent

b. perceived

7. Some smokers block out negative information about the health effects of smoking because they do not want to change their behavior. They are using a. perceived reality.

b. selective perception.

7. Good administrative assistants have more access to important information and the decision maker than subordinates have. The administrative assistants have ____ power?

expert

When the number of H1N1 flu cases in an elementary school reached 10%, classes were postponed. The school could not meet the ____ needs of students and faculty until the flu was gone?

physiological

One of the reasons Steve Jobs was very successful at Apple was his charisma. He had ____?

referent power

7. Ana was sitting in church when she heard the words "comparison kills contentment." It changed her life. She no longer compares herself to anyone. She will no longer use?

the equity theory

7. Avida Sports developed a sensor system that swimmers wear in the water and to receive a computerized analysis of their stroke. Avida signed an agreement with a swim club to test the product before increasing production. Avida is in the ____ stage of the creative process.?

verification