unit 5- cell membrane and transport

job of carbohydrate chains (1)

- help to identify harmful cells

job of cholestrol (1)

- helps to maintain the fluidity of the cell membrane

job of protein (4)

-transport proteins -regulate chemical reactions (enzymes ) - send messages to other cells -reinforce structure

what're the 2 major finctions of the cell membrane

1. forms boundary between outside and inside of the cell 2. controls passage of materials

there are __ types of recptors

2

the movement of substances across the membrane occurs through 2 methods:

active and passive transport

homeostasis is maintaining _______ or sameness

balance

chemical signs are transmitted across the ____ ________

cell membrane

____________ is embedded within the cell membrane in order to prevent the phospholipids from sticking together

cholesterol

solute-

compound that's dissolved in water

______________ is the number of molecules of a substance in a given volume

concentration

some freshwater organisms have structures to pump out water called ____________ vacuoles

contractiles

what's the modern day name for the taste of salty skin

cystic fibrosis

_________ (always passive) is the movement of molecules in a fluid or gas from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

diffusion

_________ is the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration across the cell membrane while ______ _________ moves molecules against their concentration gradient

diffusion active transport

types of passive trasnport: _________ and facilitated _________

diffusion and diffusion

molecules diffuse ____ a concentration gradient

down

___________ is the process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane (taking in lagre molecules by cell)

endocytosis

___________ is a form of active transport which take in food particles by engulfing them the opposit of this process is called __________

endocytosis exocytosis

passive transport--> requires no ______

energy

active transport requires the cell to use ______ (___)

energy (ATP)

equilibrium - when molecules are ______ ______ throughout a space

evenly spread

__________ is the release of subsatnces out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle w the membrane

exocytosis ("ex"its the cell)

diffusion, osmosis and ___________ diffusion (helps proteins move things across)

facilitated

___________ _________ is the diffusion of molecules across a membrane through transport proteins

facilitated diffusion

what's the model of the cell membrane called

fluid mosaic model

diffusion-

glucose moves from high concentration --> low concentration

accoridng to folklore what wuld happen to a child if his skin tasts salty

he'd die

region of ______ concentration to a region of _____ concentration

higher lower

purpose to maintain ___________

homeostasis

each phospholipid is composed of a water loving or __________, phosphate head and a water-fearing or ___________, lipid tail

hydrophilic hydrophobic

what're the 2 parts of a phospholipid

hydrophilic head ans hydrophobic tails

hypertonic-

hyper means more concentration is more outside of cell and less outside

plasmolyzed-

hypertonic

hypotonic-

hypo means less concentration is less in the outside of cell and more inside

turgid-

hypotonic

hyptonic- water moves __ - result on the cell ______

in swells

isotonic- water moves ______ - result on the cell ___________

in and out stays the same

mucus build up cases respiratory __________ and difficulty breathing

infections

isotonic-

iso (the same) concentration inside and outside cell are the same

flaccid-

isotonic

what types of molecules cannot cross the cell membrane

large molecules like salt and sugar cant easily pass through cell membrane

hypotonis solutions have (more/less) solute

less

receptors are proteins that bind with _______ and ______ _____

ligands and change shape

what'll happen to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution

lose water and shrink

moving from regions of _____ to _____ concentration using transport proteins

lowee higher

cystic fibrosis is causes by a problem within the cell _______

membrane

other proteins bind to specific molecules to be transported on one side of the ________

membrane

proteins or pumps found in the _______ move materials across

membrane

transport proteins move materials when they cant move across the ________ by themselves

membrane

cystic fibrosis patients have _________ that dont work properly

membranes

____________ takes carbs to make the energy to trasnport

mitochondria

what part of the cell makes ATP

mitochondria

what differentiates facilitated diffusion from simple diffusion through the membrane?

moleciles move through a protein in the membrane in facilitated diffusion bu not in simple diffusion

when the correct ________ _____ these proteins change their shapen and this allows the molecule to pass through the membrane to the outside

molecule binds

hypertonic solutions have (More/Less) solute

more

how does oxygen cross into the cell

moves across the phospholipid bilayer

does passive transport require energy

no

some proteins form ________ __ _____

openings or pores

provide an example of one process that is a type of passive transport

osmosis

the diffusion of water across the cell membrane is called

osmosis

hypertonic - water moves ___ - result on the cell ______

out shrinks

things that can cross the cell membrane- water _______ and other small molecules

oxygen

what type of trasnport does not require energy

passive transport

the cell membrance is described as selectively _________ as it only permits certain molecules to pass through. it is composed of a bilayer of ____________ with ________ embedded within

permeable phospholipid proteins

what are the 2 main components of the cell membrane

phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins

why does pouring salt on a slug kill it

salt sucks water out salt + cell = suks water out of the cell

what is the "rule" for remembering how osmosis works

salt sucks- if area outside the cell has more salt then water will be sucked out of the cell

_________ ___________ meaning some molecules can cross the membrane while others cant

selective permability

with ______ diffusion molecules can pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer while with __________ diffusion molecules pass through a membrane protein

simple facilitated

what does selective permability depend on

size, polarity and concentration inside and outside the cell

why's selective permability important

so a cell can maintain stable conditions

molecules tend to ______ ___

spread out

whats the purpose of the channel protein

they produce an opening for large molecules

how does glucose cross into the cell

use special embedded proteins

osmosis- the diffusion of _____ across a ________

water membrane

osmosis-

water moves across the membrane toward area w highest solute concentration

what happens in isotonic solutions

water moves in and out and the cell stays the same

what happens in a hypertonic solution

water moves out of the cell and cell will shrink

what happens in hypotonic solutions

whater moves into the cell and cell gets larger

does active transport require energy

yes