Unit 5 Exam Study Guide

Storm water runoff from the new development into nearby Samel Creek will likely lead to which of the following?

Destruction of fish habitats by high levels of suspended solids and sediments

Which of the following statements identifies a concern associated with the increased proportion of GM crops being grown?

Use of GM seeds can lead to loss of genetic diversity in crops.

Which of the following solutions would help decrease flood frequencies and flood sizes that are caused by urbanization?

Using new, more permeable materials for roads and sidewalks

Which of the following is a commercially used method for harvesting trees and is most likely to lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity?

Clear-cutting

The cities of Edmonton and Calgary are relatively far north and at high elevation. Which of the following best explains the data presented in their ecological footprints?

Colder average temperatures and longer nights in Edmonton and Calgary lead to high energy usage to heat and light homes.

Which of the following procedures would be best for remediating the effects of soil salinization?

Addition of large amounts of water to leach out salts

If the trend in total water withdrawal represented in the graph continues, which of the following is most likely to happen in the future?

Aquifers will be depleted if demand is higher than recharge rate.

Based on the data in the graph, which location showed an annual average grain yield in 1991-1993 that was approximately 2.3 times the yield in 1961-1963 ?

Asia

Long-term intensive agriculture that does not add soil amendments such as manure or fertilizer has been shown to decrease soil organic matter content. Which of the following figures best shows this relationship?

Decreasing NON constant slope

Which of the following is the best illustration of the tragedy of the commons?

Depletion of fishing stocks in the North Atlantic

Which of the following statements about genetic diversity is true?

Genetic resistance to pests and diseases can be increased by crossing a crop plant with ancestral varieties.

Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of using genetically engineered crops over crops that are not genetically modified?

Genetically engineered plants can decrease the genetic diversity of the crop.

A cost-benefit analysis done to investigate a proposed mine site would likely take which of the following into account? 1. The medical costs of mine worker injuries 2. The cost of environmental restoration of the site when it is shut down 3. The value of the ore to be extracted from the mine

I, II, and III

Biological control methods for managing insect pests are effective for reasons that include which of the following? 1. They promote genetic resistance in the target species, resulting in a population explosion of the target species. 2. They generally focus on one target insect to ensure that the target insect population remains low. 3. They can lead to a self-perpetuating population of a control species.

II and III only

The development of dangerous strains of disease organisms represents a significant consequence of which of the following agricultural practices?

Incorporating antibiotics into the feeding regimens of densely concentrated livestock

Which of the following best describes an environmental advantage of urbanization?

Individuals living in cities usually have a lower transportation carbon footprint than individuals living in rural areas.

Industrial logging threatens many forested ecosystems. Which of the following environmental consequences will most likely result from clear-cutting deciduous forests for logging?

More carbon dioxide will be added to the atmosphere and increase anthropogenic climate change.

Which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear-cut?

The concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase.

Which of the following is the most likely unintended consequence of using pesticides in agriculture?

The continual use of pesticides can cause organisms to build a resistance through genetic mutation that then requires more or stronger pesticides.

Which of the following is the best example of an economic approach to reduce overfishing for a fish species with a declining population?

The federal government sets a catch limit (per person or per boat) for the species and imposes a tax on any extra fish that are caught.

Which of the following best describes the process known as "mountaintop removal"?

The use of heavy equipment to move overburden downhill during the strip mining of coal

Which of the following is the most likely result from clearing mature, forested land and converting it into agricultural land that would be used for cattle grazing?

There will be a reduction in the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded?

Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested.

Factors contributing to the rise in world hunger include all of the following EXCEPT

increasing consumption of vegetable protein in place of meat protein

Farmers need to make many decisions about how they grow their crops. One of these decisions is whether to use synthetic fertilizer or organic fertilizer, such as manure. An advantage of using synthetic fertilizer instead of organic fertilizer is that

synthetic fertilizer can provide more targeted macronutrients to the crops

Environmentalists oppose the mining of antarctic mineral resources because

the antarctic environment is fragile and extremely vulnerable to the disturbances that would accompany development

A sustainable society would emphasize

using energy efficiently and reusing and recycling matter