unit 5 history

the impact of corporations on the American West

Scientific mining techniques introduced by corporate engineers displaced independent prospectors

Fordism

an economic system based on mass production and mass consumption

Progressivism

as a way of describing a loosley defined political movement

Redeemer governments

convict labor was rented out to private business owners

farming in the trans-Mississippi

increasingly farmers tended to specialize and produce crops for distant markets

Dawes Severalty Act

individual property ownership and farming on family plots

Southern failure to attract significant industrial development in the wake of Reconstruction

investors came to the South for cheap labor and low taxes, so they made few capital investments in the region

Platt Amendment

it authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba

Civil Service Act of 1883

it created a merit system for a limited number of government workers

Oregon System

it instituted the initiative and referendum, which enabling voters to propose and vote on laws

Plessy v. Ferguson

it legitimized segregation if facilities provided for both races were equal

New South

it promised prosperity based on industrial expansion

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

it represented the first time race was used to exclude an entire group of people from entering the United States

new immigrants who arrived during the early years of the twentieth century

lived in close-knit communties

electoral reform during the Progressive era

made government more responsive to the will of the people

working classes in New York City during the early twentieth century

many among the working classes came from southern and eastern Europe

Socialist Party gain significant political influences

many immigrant laborers supported its fight against economic exploitatin of workers

the western "cowboy" based more on fantasy than reality

most cowboys were low-paid workers, some of whom even went on strike for higher wages

Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

moved from simply demanding prohibition to pushing for a broader program of social reform

Gilded Age

period in which economic prosperity glossed over significant inequities

relationship between the government and the economy in the Gilded Age

politicians of both major parties favored business and banks and supported a reduction in the money supply and a return to the gold standard

scientific management

skilled workers had little personal autonomy under scientific management

women's sufferage movement increasingly focus its attention on a national amendment

state campaign were difficult and often unsuccessful

the American Federation of Labor

the AFL represented skilled workers only

demand for the eight-hour day

the Knights of Labor

second industrial revolution

the acceleration of factory production and consolidation of business

women in the last quarter of the nineteenth century

the concept of the sperate spheres from the cult of domestication was breaking down

Sherman Antitrust Act

the law was used infrequently and was relatively ineffective in breaking up monopolies

Kansas Exodus

the migration of African-Americans to Kansas from the American South

American drawn to the Socialist Party

the party's proposal to nationalize railroads and banks, and to provide unemployed relief, expressed popular Progressive thought

populists hope to guarantee farmers inexpensive access to markets for their crops

they called for public ownership for the railroads

pools

they hoped to escape the chaos of market forces by fixing prices with their competitors

Pure Food and Drug Act

they understood the greater public confidence in the quality of the products helped their sales

primary purpose of sending Native American children to the Carlisle Boarding School

to break Native American tradition and assimilate them into American society

the Progressive movement drew its primary strength from

urban middle-class reformers

Battle of the Little Bighorn

was only a temporarily reprieve from the advance of white settlement

People's Party

was primarily an agrarian-based movement

African-American men in the South

were forced out of local, state, and national politics

Credit Mobiler and the Whiskey Ring

were symptomatic of the corruption of the age

Economic impact of the second industrial revolution

greater in the distribution of wealth, widening the gap between the rich and the poor

true during the Progressive era

growing numbers of native-born white women worked in offices

1896 presidential campaign of William Jennings Bryan

he called for the free and unlimited coinage of silver

William Tweed so popular with the city's immigrant poor

he provided food, fuel, and patronage to them in exchange for their votes

Insular Cases

held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territory acquired by the U.S. during the Spanish-American War

farmers believed that their plight emanated from

high freight rated changed by railroads

New Immigrants

immigrants from the southern and eastern Europe

disenfranchisement of blacks in South

in passing various laws to restrict blacks from voting, numerous poor and illiterate whites also lost the right to vote in the South

campaign for the women's sufferage

included both middle and working-class women

city the focus of Progressive politics

dramatic growth of urban population both created and highlighted problems

How the Other Half Lives

focused on the wretched conditions of New York City slums