Unit 5 Test Psychology

The saying is "Money can buy happiness", but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

$75,000

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers.

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.

Anxiety

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didnâ t go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?

Avoidant personality disorder

Lydia is often described as having an easy, laid-back outlook on life. She tends to be very relaxed, is not particularly competitive, and rarely feels or demonstrates anger or hostility. Lydia exemplifies a Type ________ behavior pattern.

B

_____ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

Biofeedback

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

____ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating

Distress

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia?

Dopamine and serotonin

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

Nathan has an overin$ated and unjusti"ed sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to su#er from ________ personality disorder.

Narcissistic

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders?

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectation of their culture.

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?

Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about itâ "this leads her to become depressed.

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his "ngernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this?

Somatic

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

Women report experiencing more stress than men

Which aspect of the definition of happiness gives the impression that it is a long-term state rather than a brief mood that we experience from time to time?

a feeling that ones life has meaning and value

Which dimension of the Type A behavior pattern is most predictive of heart disease?

anger/hostility

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 1 - exhaustion

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it _____.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________.

fugue

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ____.

hassles

The process by which one's physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ____ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

less stress than someone who has no effective options

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she canâ t a#ord, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode.

manic

Those systems that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drivers in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ___ symptoms

negative

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

orbitofrontal cortex

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?

positive psychology

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

post traumatic stress disorder

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.

posttramautic stress

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress: He immediately uses the Internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

problem-focused

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of ________.

social support

The ___ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirit.

supernatural

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.

that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy.

A psychological disorder is a ___

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

becoming split o#, or separated, from oneâ s core sense of self

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder?

being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards

The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective.

biological

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

body physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and o#ered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

buying a new home

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

chronic

What is a comorbidity

co-occurrence of two disorders

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

cognitive