Unit 5: The Age of Imperialism
Which statement best explains the impact the Suez Canal had on imperialism in Southeast Asia?
The canal enabled European ships to reach spheres of influence and colonies much faster.
How did the Europeans decide who would control certain parts of Africa?
They held a conference to determine the borders of their African colonies.
How did the majority of native people feel about European imperialism?
They opposed the European colonization.
Why did Western bankers support imperialist policies?
They provided new opportunities for investments.
Ottoman empire
the Ottoman sultanate was in rapid political, military and economic decline by the second half of the 1800s. The Ottomans were defeated in several wars including the Crimean War (1853-56), Russo-Turkish War (1877-78) and First Balkans War (1912-13). These defeats, along with rising nationalism and revolutions in Ottoman-controlled regions, resulted in gradual but significant losses of territory. With the Ottoman Empire shrinking and at risk of complete collapse, Europe's other imperial powers clamoured to secure territory or influence in the region.
How did medical technology factor into Western imperialism?
New European medicines made surviving harsh colonial conditions possible.
Describe the United States' role in carving out spheres of influence in China.
The United States did not take territory, but proposed open trade.
Which of the following best summarizes the causes of imperialism in the late 1800s?
Westerners wanted to spread their religion, sell manufactured goods, and gain territory to compete with other countries.
Righteous Harmonious Fists
a Chinese secret organization that led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there.
Where did early exploration of Africa primarily take place?
along the coasts
Which of the following was one way that Western powers gained the upper hand in Muslim regions of the world?
by sending troops to protect their interests
Monroe Doctrine
American policy of discouraging European intervention in the Western Hemisphere
Why did imperialism cause conflicts between regional groups?
European countries used cultural differences to increase local rivalries for their own purposes.
What did Great Britain gain from the Treaty of Nanjing?
Hong Kong
What was the main reason for the Armenian genocide?
Muslim Turks thought Christian Armenians were supporting Russia.
Who is known as the father of modern China?
Sun Yixian
Why did Westerners oppose the Taiping rebellion?
Westerners would lose trading rights if the Qing dynasty fell.
What does a nation seek to do if it has a policy of imperialism?
expand its influence and power around the world
Maori
the indigenous people of New Zealand
Shaka Zulu
(1787-1828) was a Zulu chief and founder of southern Africa's Zulu empire. He is credited with creating a fighting force that devastated the entire region.
direct rule
where officials and soldiers of the imperialist nation rule in the colony.
Cecil Rhodes
An English businessman and financier who founded the modern diamond industry and controlled the British South Africa Company, which acquired Rhodesia and Zambia as British territories.
What role did religion play in the Armenian genocide?
Armenians were mostly Christian, and were suspected of allying with fellow Christians.
Which of the following was the immediate cause of the Sepoy Rebellion?
Indian soldiers were forced to use pig- and cow-based cartridges in their guns.
Which religion was prominent in much of North Africa in the early 1800s?
Islam
Which event contributed most to helping Canada move toward self-rule?
The Act of Union created one province with a legislature in Canada.
Which of the following was one effect of the Sepoy Rebellion?
The British Parliament put India under the rule of the British government and monarch.
How did colonial divisions in Africa lead to conflict between native African tribes?
The European powers did not create boundaries based on tribal divisions and forced rival tribes to live with each other.
How did European nations come to rule most of Africa, despite the presence of strong African kingdoms?
The Europeans had superior weapons.
Wahhabi
a member of a strictly orthodox Sunni Muslim sect founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703-92). It advocates a return to the early Islam of the Koran and Sunna, rejecting later innovations; the sect is still the predominant religious force in Saudi Arabia.
During which historical event did Japan gain control over Korea?
the Russo-Japanese War
Suez Canal
An artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez. Constructed by the Suez Canal Company between 1859 and 1869, it was officially opened on November 17, 1869.
What did the Burmese and Vietnamese independence movements have in common?
Both misjudged European power.
How did the Industrial Revolution spur needs and desires that encouraged overseas expansion?
Manufacturers wanted access to natural resources that weren't available in European nations.
How were Western nations able to expand their control over Asia and Africa so quickly?
They had strong governments, advanced economies and technology, and military power.
Which major river did King Leopold II of Belgium send an explorer to, leading to Belgian control of the region?
the Congo
Which was a greater motivation for European imperialism in the late 1800s?
to claim new lands for natural resources
How did Western imperialism affect the culture of the colonies?
Colonized people were encouraged to adopt Christianity and European culture, and local traditions weakened.
Why did the Japanese shogunate bow to Commodore Perry's demands?
Commodore Perry had a fleet that was technologically superior.
What motivated Menelik II to hire European experts to modernize Ethiopia in the late 1800s?
Menelik II wanted Ethiopia to benefit from upgrades that would later help it defend its independence.
Porfirio Díaz
Mexican leader who ruled with an iron first and modernized Mexico's economy, largely to the benefit of the rich and elite
How did British imperialism affect Indian agriculture during the 1800s?
Millions died from famine when the British tried to transform Indian agriculture.
For which reason did Persia attract foreign interest in the early 1900s?
Oil was discovered in Persia.
In which of the following did the United States become involved as an imperialist nation?
Philippines
Which of the following was the main U.S. interest in the Philippines?
The U.S. wanted to use the Philippines as a strategic military location.
How did the government and Japanese society react when Japan was forced to accept unequal treaties?
The samurai and daimyo restored the emperor to power and worked to reform Japan.
What effect did British rule have on the slave trade during the age of new imperialism?
The slave trade was banned in Britain and all of its colonies.
Which statement summarizes a pattern of response to Western imperialism in South Asia?
The upper classes benefited most and often embraced colonial rule.
What advantage did industrialization give Europe when colonizing?
The use of rifles and other military technology was unmatched by locals.
How did Filipino rebels get involved in the Spanish-American War?
They supported the United States, hoping for independence.
Which of the following groups settled in Sierra Leone?
freed slaves
Which of the following helped the British reverse their trade deficit with China?
the popularity of imported opium in China
Which of the following was the main goal of the Boxer Uprising?
to drive out foreign influences
Opium War
war between Great Britain and China over restrictions to foreign trade
Battle of the Marne
Germans left the Schlieffen Plan in ruins and a quick victory in the west no longer seemed possible
How did Britain think of India? Select all that apply.
1. as the "Brightest Jewel" in the crown of its empire 2. as both a market and a source of raw materials 3. as a land in need of railroads, peace, and order
What was the effect of the Taiping Rebellion on China?
A weakened China couldn't stop Russia from seizing land in northern China for a port.
Which of the following was a negative effect that Western imperial rule had on Africa?
Colonies were forced to import cheap European manufactured goods.
What occurred at the Berlin Conference of 1884?
European nations were invited to decide how to divide up the continent of Africa for colonization.
How did technology play a role in opening Southeast Asia and the Pacific to foreign influence?
Faster and more powerful ships were able to transport explorers and troops to more faraway lands.
Which of the following most contributed to anti-foreign sentiment in China during the Age of Imperialism?
Foreigners ignored Chinese laws.
How did the king of Siam react to European imperialism?
He educated himself and his people and negotiated to maintain independence.
Why is it significant that rice was Japan's main import from Korea?
It caused a monoculture in Korea, which disrupted its economy.
What is one way that imperialism affected the economic situations of colonial people?
It forced people to grow cash crops.
Why did Britain want to control the Suez Canal?
It was a shortcut to India.
Why did Japan sign unequal treaties with the United States?
Japan was coerced by the powerful United States military.
Which of the following was one cause of the Armenian genocide?
Nationalist sentiments led to the persecution of the Armenians.
Why was Southeast Asia a target of imperialism during European expansion?
Southeast Asia commanded the sea lanes between India and China.
"Influential in overthrowing the Qing dynasty (1911-1912), he served as the first provisional president of the Republic of China (1911-1912) and later as de facto ruler (1923-1925)." Use the passage to answer the question. Which person is most likely being described in the text?
Sun Yixian
Why did the British government take control of India?
Tensions became so high between the East India Company and the Indian people that Britain took full control of the country.
Which of the following statements best describes European imperialism?
The Industrial Revolution was a driving force behind European imperialism.
Which of the following was a difference between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League?
The Muslim League wanted a separate Muslim state.
What was one reason many Africans resisted European colonization efforts?
They disagreed with many European ideas and cultures.
Which of the following was the role of missionaries in the colonization of Africa?
They educated Africans in European tradition and helped to weaken native African cultures.
What advantage did Western countries have that helped them colonize other parts of the world?
They had better military technology.
Hong Kong
War broke out between Britain and China in 1839 when the Chinese government attempted to ban the import of Opium. At the end of this first Opium War, in 1842, China surrendered this territory to the British Empire.
Imperialism
domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
What kind of factors most directly influenced the United States to take control of the Hawaiian islands?
economic
Which best describes forces that shaped pre-colonial Africa?
the South: rival groups battle for control; the North: old power structure declines
Which country most likely held influence over the Canal Zone in the early 1900s?
the United States
Sepoy Rebellion
was a widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857-58. Begun in Meerut by Indian troops (sepoys) in the service of the British East India Company, it spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow.
indirect rule
where the imperialist nation allows members of the colonized people to help with the rule
Matthew Perry
(1794-1858) was a successful officer in the U.S. Navy. He led a naval expedition to Japan in an effort to establish diplomatic and trade relations after centuries of Japanese isolation. The overwhelming military presence opened the way for U.S. trading privileges in Japan, with other Western powers soon to follow.
David Livingstone
(1813-1873) was a Scottish missionary, abolitionist, and explorer of West Africa. He influenced Western attitudes toward Africa.
Leopold II
(1835-1909) was the king of Belgium who led the first Western efforts to develop and control the Congo basin. He ruled personally over the Congo Free State, which became part of Belgium in 1908.
Sun Yixian
(1866-1925) was the son of poor farmers in a small village. He left a career in medicine to revolt against the Qing government. After a failed uprising, Sun was forced into exile in Japan. In 1911, delegates elected Sun as provisional president of the newly established Republic of China. In 1921, Sun established a nationalist government in South China and allied with the communists to defeat the warlords.
What was the result of the self-rule movement in Australia?
Britain helped colonies unite into an independent commonwealth.
Why did Britain and Russia become involved in a "Great Game" in Central Asia?
Britain sought to protect its interests in India and stop Russian expansion.
Why did Britain demand a change to its trade agreements with China during the Age of Imperialism?
Britain wanted to expand its manufactured goods market.
Which Western nation had the most influence over Muslim countries in northern Africa during the age of new imperialism?
France
According to the text, which challenges did the Chinese republic face after the fall of the Qing dynasty?
It was often involved in internal wars or war with foreign invaders.
Why did industrialization help start Japan on an imperialist course?
Japan needed access to natural resources, enabling Japan to build an empire.
Which of the following nations successfully resisted colonization during the Age of Imperialism?
Liberia and Ethiopia
Which of the following describes the typical economic cost of imperial rule?
The high cost of paying for a military occupation came from local colonial taxes.
What was the effect of attempts by Western powers to weaken the Chinese government?
The region was home to numerous local conflicts over many years.
Why did the Dutch and other European powers want control of Southeast Asia?
The region was right for growing crops such as coffee and spices.