Unit 6 Study
10. Which of these does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban? A. discrimination in public accommodations B. nonviolent resistance C. poll taxes and grandfather clauses D. affirmative action E. discrimination based on sexual orientation
A
15. Which rule bars the use of illegally seized evidence at trial? A. exclusionary B. double jeopardy C. right to pay D. prior restraint E. hate speech
A
15. Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________. A. the Nineteenth Amendment B. <i>Korematsu </i>v. <i>United States</i> C. the 1964 Civil Rights Act D. <i>Reed </i>v. <i>Reed</i> E. the 1965 Voting Rights Act
A
18. As noted in Table 4.2, The Incorporation of the Bill of Rights, freedom of assembly is guaranteed by which constitutional amendment? A. First<br><b> </b> B. Fifth C. Fourth D. Second E. Third
A
20. What strategy did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) use most effectively to advance civil rights for African Americans? A. litigation B. nonviolent resistance C. marches and rallies D. protests E. boycotts
A
21. Why did Congress pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965? A. to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods B. in order to facilitate the prosecution of those who had restricted the voting rights of African Americans C. because it was clear that the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment D. because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed E. the Supreme Court had determined that only the national government could regulate elections
C
16. Based on the Supreme Court's decision in Reed v. Reed, which of the following laws would most likely be overturned? A. Police officers must retire at seventy years old. B. Pilots must have perfect vision to receive a license. C. Male gym teachers cannot enter the women’s locker room; female gym teachers cannot enter the men’s locker room. D. Men can vote at seventeen years of age; women cannot vote until eighteen. E. Twenty percent of university admissions slots are reserved for Latinos.
D
23. Which of the following affirmative action programs would be a clear violation of the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)? A. considering applicants’ academic and extracurricular achievements B. considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions C. considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity of the university D. setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students E. admitting some minority applicants with lower academic achievement than some rejected white applicants
D
25. Which Supreme Court case upheld an individual's right to have a gun in his or her home? A. <i>Miranda </i>v.<i> Arizona</i> B. <i>Mapp </i>v.<i> Ohio</i> C. <i>Gideon </i>v.<i> Wainwright</i> D. <i>McDonald </i>v.<i> Chicago</i> E. <i>Griswold </i>v.<i> Connecticut</i>
D
6. The history of which of the following groups demonstrates that politically and socially powerful minorities can suppress majorities as well as other minorities? A. Gays and lesbians B. African Americans C. People with disabilities D. Women E. Native Americans
D
9. What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education? A. school busing B. integrated schools C. poll taxes D. segregation of schools E. unequal school funding
D
13. The incorporation doctrine makes the protections from the Bill of Rights applicable to the states through which of the following amendments? A. Fourth B. Tenth C. Sixth D. Fourteenth E. Fifth
D
24. What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in the two cases involving the University of Michigan, Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)? A. Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems. B. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be constitutional unless an applicant can demonstrate that race affected the admissions decision. C. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance. D. All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin. E. Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.
A
25. What did Jim Crow laws mandate? A. racial segregation B. grandfather clauses C. voting rights D. poll taxes E. black codes
A
3. Which clause prevents the national government from sanctioning an official religion? A. establishment B. equal protection C. full faith and credit D. free exercise E. due process
A
7. Which test examines the constitutionality of religious establishments? A. <i>Lemon</i> B. <i>Free Exercise</i> C. <i>Orange</i> D. <i>Due Process</i> E. <i>Prior Restraint</i>
A
11. What was the Supreme Court's justification for overturning the separate-but-equal doctrine? A. The Supreme Court needed to step in because the South had been unwilling to segregate educational facilities as required by <i>Plessy </i>v. <i>Ferguson.</i> B. Segregated schools stigmatize minority children and are inherently unequal. C. The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine. D. The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to people. E. The quality of life for African Americans in the South had deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-but-equal doctrine.
B
14. The Fourteenth Amendment attempted to guarantee which of the following to former slaves? A. Forty acres of farmland and a mule B. Citizenship rights C. Economic equality with whites D. Debt forgiveness E. Free university education
B
16. Miranda rights include the right to which of the following? A. a phone call B. counsel C. due process D. a jury trial E. be free from search and seizure
B
18. What was Reconstruction? A. The period between the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment and the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 B. the period after the Civil War when the South was occupied by the federal government C. the gradual elimination of both Black Codes and Jim Crow laws D. the refusal of Southern states to abide by the Fourteenth Amendment until forced to do so by the Supreme Court E. the struggle for newly freed slaves to gain the right to vote, especially in the South
B
2. Who had to pay payroll taxes? A. County clerks B. Voters C. Losing candidates D. Winning candidates E. Nonvoters
B
23. According to Roe v. Wade, what could the state do if a woman wanted to obtain an abortion in her first trimester? A. The state could ban the abortion unless the mother’s life was in danger. B. The state could not exercise any control over it. C. The state could regulate it to protect the woman’s health. D. The state could regulate it if the mother’s life was in danger. E. The state could ban it.
B
5. What did the Supreme Court decide in Korematsu v. United States (1944) regarding the internment of those with Japanese ancestry living in the United States? A. It was permissible because it only applied to noncitizens. B. It was permissible because the United States was at war with Japan. C. It did not pass the inherently suspect test, and the internment was promptly terminated. D. It was unconstitutional, and Japanese Americans must be duly compensated. E. It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it.
B
20. The free exercise clause guarantees that the national government will not interfere with which of the following? A. business B. speech C. religion D. finance E. education
C
12. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to overturn which of the following? A. Reconstruction B. Integration C. Jim Crow laws D. The Fifteenth Amendment E. Nonviolent resistance
C
14. The Supreme Court has used incorporation to __________ the rights of states. A. enforce B. define C. limit D. expand E. protect
C
17. In Barron v. Baltimore, the Supreme Court held that the Bill of Rights limits __________, not __________, action. A. state, federal B. local, state C. federal, state and local D. federal, local E. state, local
C
19. Which Supreme Court case developed the exclusionary rule? A. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan B. Wolf v. Colorado C. Mapp v. Ohio D. Gideon v. Wainwright E. Parker v. Gideon
C
21. Which of the following generally is unconstitutional in school? A. punishment B. fighting C. prayer D. free speech E. a weapon
C
22. In the 1857 Scott v. Sandford decision, an important milestone on the road to Civil War, the Supreme Court held which of the following? A. Free black men had certain rights, but slaves did not, and Congress had the power to ban slavery, but only in the western territories. B. No black men were to be accorded any rights until Congress had banned slavery, which it had the power to do but had not yet done. C.A black man, whether slave or free, had no rights, and Congress had no power to ban slavery in western territories. D. A free black man had rights, but a slave did not, and Congress had no power to ban slavery in any territory. E. Black men were to be allowed certain rights, whether they were free or were slaves, and Congress had a right to ban slavery in western territories.
C
4. A false written statement is __________; the same statement spoken aloud is __________. A. slander, defamation B. defamation, slander C. libel, slander D. libel, defamation E. slander, libel
C
4. Why did southern states enact poll taxes? A. Because literacy is necessary for democracy to function. B. To raise revenue for the government. C. To get around the Fifteenth Amendment. D. To enfranchise former slaves. E. To ensure that only people who really want to vote would do so.
C
7. If a group of people were systematically discriminated against in the past, which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed as a remedy to help the members of this group overcome the legacy of discrimination? A. A color-blind job application process to give members of this group an equal chance B. Requiring all applicants for government jobs to have at least two years of prior experience C. A college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group D. A policy that gives extra weight to votes cast by members of the group E. A hiring policy that favors those with relatives working in government
C
8. The Supreme Court briefly outlawed which of the following in the 1970s by asserting that it was being imposed in an arbitrary manner? A. school prayer B. access to court-appointed counsel C. capital punishment D. the exclusionary rule E. symbolic speech protection
C
8. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy? A. It prohibited gay and heterosexual soldiers from discussing their sexual activity. B. It prevented the military from discharging gay and lesbian soldiers. C. It required gay and lesbian soldiers to keep quiet about their sexual orientation. D. It prevented gays and lesbians from serving in the military. E. Barack Obama initiated the policy as a goodwill gesture to the gay and lesbian community.
C
1. Which of the following arguments would most likely be made by an opponent of affirmative action policies? A. Affirmative action helps to compensate for past discrimination. B. Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience. C. Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality. D. Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.
D
11. The doctrine of prior restraint prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication __________. A. that is critical of the government B. that is illegal C. that is obscene D. before the fact E. after the fact
D
12. The Supreme Court has ruled that states can limit abortions if the regulations do not pose which of the following? A. a prior restraint B. a substantial inconvenience C. a bar to equal protection D. an undue burden E.a due process violation
D
1. Which of the following Supreme Court cases demonstrates how reluctant the courts are to exercise prior restraint even when national security issues are involved? A.Roe v. Wade B. Miranda v. Arizona C.Barron v. Baltimore D. Near v. Minnesota E. New York Times v. United States</i>
E
10. Legal questions regarding birth control stem from the implied right to which of the following? A. commerce B. relationships C. family D. sexual freedom E. privacy
E
13. What was the basis for the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities? A. Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation. B. Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they were considered property under the law. C. Each state has the right to interpret the Constitution as it sees fit, as long as the interpretation is “reasonable and without malice.” D. Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly. E. The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.
E
17. Why was bussing necessary for integrating some public schools? A. <i>De jure </i>segregation existed even after <i>Brown </i>v. <i>Board of Education.</i> B. Freedom riders prevented many African Americans from integrating Southern schools. C. Black codes had required schools be built away from population centers. D. Some whites refuse to attend schools with African Americans. E.<i>De facto </i>segregation existed even after <i>Brown </i>v. <i>Board of Education</i>.
E
19. Which of the following situations would most likely be a violation of Title IX? A. an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work B. an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community C. a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women’s reproductive health D. job applications that are not made accessible to the blind E. a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women
E
2. The double jeopardy clause prevents an individual who is acquitted of a crime from which of the following? A. going free B. media coverage C. seeking the assistance of an attorney D. asserting innocence E. being tried again
E
22. The USA Patriot Act expands an exception found in which amendment to allow spying? A. Sixth B. First C. Second D. Fifth E. Fourth
E
24. Gitlow v. New York, in which the Supreme Court held that freedom of speech and of the press are fundamental liberties protected by the Fourteenth Amendment from impairment by the states, began the development of the doctrine of __________. A. full faith and credit B. establishment C. free exercise D. eminent domain E. incorporation
E
3. During the ten years after the Civil War, the strict conditions imposed by Congress on the former Confederate states about who could be seated as representatives and senators allowed which of the following to happen? A. Most African American men banned from political offices because they came from southern states. B. A few African American men began to run for state and federal offices, but most were not successful. C. Many African American men were not allowed to hold state and federal office in the North, but were banned from offices in the South because of segregation laws. D. Some African American men and women held state and federal offices. E. Many African American men held state and federal offices.
E
5. During World War I, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of Charles T. Schenck, ruling that government can limit speech that __________. A. is symbolic but obscene B. qualifies as hate speech C. is critical of the government D. is a prior restraint E. creates a clear and present danger
E
6. The Constitution protects against search of an individual's person, home, or vehicle without __________. A. a good reason B. permission C. compensation D. due process E. a warrant
E
9. The USA Patriot Act enhances the government's ability to do which of the following? A. take personal property B. imprison citizens without trial C. indict foreign enemies D. control public schooling E. examine private records
E
