Unit 7 Chapters 42-46

Men who experience enlarged prostate glands often complain of difficulty urinating. The nurse will be able to explain that this symptom is caused by which reason?

The prostate gland surrounds the urethra and can produce urinary obstruction.

A nurse educator is explaining male reproductive physiology during grand rounds and is referring to the process of spermatogenesis. Where does spermatogenesis occur?

The seminiferous tubules

A nurse is inspecting the scrotum and testes of a 43-year-old male client. Which finding requires additional evaluation?

The skin on the scrotum is hard, taut, and shiny.

The nurse is caring for an infant with an undescended testis. Which of these does the nurse teach the parents is the appropriate treatment?

The surgical placement of the testis in the scrotum is needed.

A 40-year-old woman has been identified to have a deficiency in estrogen. Which physiologic phenomenon is most likely to remain unaffected?

The synthesis and release of adrenal glucocorticoids.

The nursing student is studying the structure and function of the female reproductive system. The student wants to know why the urinary system is included in the content. The best reason for inclusion of the information is:

The urethra and the vagina, although two separate openings, exist in close proximity.

A female client is taking antibiotics to treat a skin infection and informs the nurse that she does not think the antibiotics are working because now she thinks she has a vaginal infection. What does the nurse believe has occurred due to the antibiotic use?

The use of the antibiotics decreases the number of lactobacilli in the vagina, which can result in a vaginal infection.

A woman has gone to her gynecologist complaining of pain during intercourse. The physician orders a maturation index on her vaginal scrapings. The results return an index of 75-25-0. The nurse can interpret this to mean:

The woman is experiencing postmenopausal vaginal dryness.

A malignant lesion extending into the endocervical canal was found on the yearly gynecological exam of a 20-year-old woman. Which treatment option would be most appropriate for this client?

Therapeutic conization

The nurse is teaching the client about pharmacologic treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which explanation of the action of these alpha adrenergic blocking medications is best?

They relax the smooth muscle to relieve prostatic obstruction.

A client has been diagnosed with candidiasis. Which symptom was present to diagnose this condition?

Thick white secretions

Cervical mucus has several properties and purposes. During ovulation, which description bestdescribes the consistency of cervical mucus?

Thin and stretchy

A female client presents to her primary healthcare provider stating, "I have such intense vulvar itching that it is driving me crazy." Which assessment finding correlates with a diagnosis of lichen sclerosus?

Thinning epithelium with introitus scarring

The nurse is caring for a baby with phimosis. Which of these does the nurse explain to the mother is the key feature of this disorder?

Tightening of the foreskin preventing full retraction over the penis

What is the primary reason that the nurse urges clients to be seen by their health care provider when they have genital warts?

To be informed of the risk of premalignant and malignant changes

The client presents with symptoms consistent with hypogonadism. For a diagnosis of hypogonadism, the nurse expects which diagnostic test to be ordered?

Total testosterone levels

A sexually active 22-year-old woman is visiting her nurse practitioner for a yearly physical. The nurse is performing a Pap smear to assess the potential of cervical cancer. When focusing on the region most susceptible to cancerous transformation, the nurse should prioritize which area?

Transformation zone

A client presents to the GYN clinic complaining of large amounts of frothy yellow-green discharge that smells very foul. Immediately, the health care provider is thinking this client most likely has:

Trichomoniasis

A nurse practitioner is examining a female client who presents with symptoms of pain during intercourse. The nurse notes the presence of small hemorrhagic areas on the cervix. Based on this observation, which sexually transmitted infection does the nurse suspect?

Trichomoniasis

While educating a group of adolescents about sexually transmitted infections, the nurse will mention which infection that is more prevalent than gonorrhea and considered to be a marker for high-risk sexual behavior?

Trichomoniasis

A client reports heaviness in the scrotum and pain in the lower back. The client is diagnosed with a hydrocele. In which anatomical structure does the excess fluid collect?

Tunica vaginalis

The nurse is performing a health history of a client being evaluated for erectile dysfunction. Which disorder places the client at highest risk for the erectile dysfunction?

Type 2 diabetes

Fibrocystic changes in the breast are not uncommon. How is the diagnosis of fibrocystic changes made?

Ultrasonography and mammography

Ectopic pregnancies are true gynecologic emergencies and are considered the leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester. What diagnostic test would the nurse expect to have ordered for a suspected ectopic pregnancy?

Ultrasonography followed by serial hCG tests

The nurse working on an inpatient adolescent pediatric unit must prioritize which parents to teach first. Which diagnosis directs the nurse to provide teaching for the parents first due to the need for prompt treatment to prevent long-term complications?

Undescended testis

A client asks, "What caused my acute prostatitis?" Which response by the nurse explains the most common cause of acute prostatitis?

Urethral infection with Escherichia coli

As men age, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) becomes common. Which symptom is usually not associated with obstructive symptoms of BPH?

Urge incontinence

An older adult female tells the nurse at a wellness clinic that intercourse is painful. Which instruction would the nurse give to help resolve the problem?

Use a vaginal lubricant

Which statement is true concerning genital herpes?

Clients can have recurrent infections.

A client with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) visits a fertility clinic. Which intervention will best improve the chance for a successful pregnancy?

Clomiphene

The nurse is caring for a female client who has a 2-year-old toddler. The client asks, "Is it normal for my breasts to still leak milk? I quit breast-feeding my baby 9 months ago." Which statement is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"A woman may have breast leakage for 3 months to 1 year after the termination of breast-feeding."

A client underwent an open cholecystectomy 2 days ago, and the incision is now in the proliferative phase of healing. What is the dominant cellular process that characterizes this phase of the client's healing?

Collagen secretion by fibroblasts

Select the correct statement regarding herpes simplex virus.

Only two strains of the virus are considered sexually transmittable.

A nurse is interviewing a client about issues with infertility. Which condition contributes to the risk of infertility in both men and women?

Trichomoniasis

A client who has been diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) asks if there is anything to help alleviate the symptoms. The best response would be:

Eat a diet low in simple sugars and high in protein.

What can cause erectile dysfunction?

Dysfunction of pudendal nerves

A male reports urethral pain and a creamy yellow, bloody discharge from the penis. The provider suspects the client has which sexually transmitted infection?

Gonorrhea

Which statement about gonorrhea is correct?

Gonorrhea is a reportable sexually transmitted infection.

Which treatment intervention is recommended for infants who have a severe case of hypospadias?

surgical repair

An older male client complains of inhibited sexual functioning. The nurse knows which nursing diagnosis could be a priority for his inhibited sexual function?

Impaired self-esteem

An adult male has been diagnosed with mumps orchitis. The nurse should educate the client regarding which complication associated with mumps orchitis?

Impaired spermatogenesis

A client has developed priapism. For which outcome is this client at risk?

Impotence

The nurse understands that clients with which disorder may be more prone to nonspecific vulvitis?

Chronic kidney disease

The nurse is caring for a client with cancer of the penis. The nurse recognizes which factor reduces the risk of this type of cancer?

Circumcision

A client is suspected to have small varicoceles in his left scrotum. Which assessment technique may help accentuate small varicosities?

Valsalva maneuver

What does the nurse teach the client about her vulvitis?

Vulvar skin disorders are the same as those affecting skin elsewhere in the body.

An older male client is experiencing difficulty initiating urination, and notes that the force and volume of the stream is reduced. What assessment data indicates benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Weak urinary stream

The primary reason genital herpes has reached epidemic proportions throughout the world relates to the fact that:

a large percentage (70%) of those infected experience no symptoms of the disease.

What will the nurse teach a client about treatment for gonorrhea?

"Ceftriaxone in a single injection is a preferred treatment."

Which client is at greatest risk for decreased wound healing?

An adult client with type 1 diabetes and an infection in the foot

Which statement about screening for prostate cancer is most accurate?

BPH and prostatitis can confound prostate screening results.

The human ovary is fully developed at what age?

By the third month of fetal life

When is syphilis highly contagious?

During its primary stage

Cryptorchidism, or undescended testes, is associated with which complicaton?

Infertility

If not treated urgently, testicular torsion can result in which complication?

Loss of testicular perfusion

A client is experiencing fatigue and laboratory results reveal: Hct 40% (0.40); Hgb 8 g/dL (80 g/L); WBC 8000 (8 x 109/L); and platelets 175,000/ µL (175 ×109/L). The nurse would interpret these results as indicative of which diagnosis?

Low hemoglobin/anemia

Which assessment finding helps the nurse confirm that the client has genital warts?

Soft, raised lesions on external genitalia

Which clinical manifestation is most likely to accompany a diagnosis of vulvodynia?

Vulvar pain

Laboratory analysis of vaginal discharge identifies hyphae on microscopic exam and pH of 4.2. The client most likely has:

C. albicans

Which sexually transmitted infection exists in two morphologically distinct forms, elementary and reticulate bodies?

Chlamydia

Infected men may harbor which infection but are always asymptomatic?

Trichomonas vaginalis

Where is the final site for sperm maturation?

epididymis

In the normal menstrual function which of the following is primarily responsible for controlling the cyclic changes and length of the menstrual cycle?

ovaries

The nurse in the urology unit is teaching about medication to treat erectile dysfunction. The mechanism of action of most of these medications is that the medication:

promotes increase in blood flow to the corpora cavernosa.

Which client is at greatest risk for developing balanoposthitis?

A male who has an uncircumcised penis

Uterine prolapse is a disorder of pelvic support and uterine position. It can range in severity from a slight descent of the uterus into the vagina, all the way to the entire uterus protruding through the vaginal opening. In women who want to have children, or in older women who are at significant risk if surgery is performed, what device is inserted to hold the uterus in place?

A pessary

A client has been diagnosed with a chlamydial infection. Select the pharmacologic treatment of choice.

Azithromycin

Which causes can result in primary gonadal failure? Select all that apply.

-Klinefelter syndrome -Cryptorchidism -Trauma -mumps

Which risk factor is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) and considered preventable?

Cigarette smoking

A 17-year-old male has developed phimosis to the point that he is having difficulty voiding. The nurse should prepare this teenager for:

Circumcision

The nurse explains that the ovaries have which functions? Select all that apply.

-Storing female germ cells -Producing female sex hormones

Which structure supports the breasts while dividing the breast into 15 to 25 lobes?

Cooper ligaments

What function does estrogen have regarding general body metabolic effects?

Decreases rate of bone resorption

What will the nurse teach the client who has a cervical polyp?

"Polyps typically are asymptomatic"

In a client suspected of having gonorrhea with active symptoms, what does the nurse tell the client about confirming the diagnosis?

"Since you have discharge, we can perform a culture."

A male client has been involved in a severe accident that has caused a complete transection of his spinal cord. The client's wife is concerned about their ability to become pregnant. Which response relating to childbearing and spinal cord injury is most accurate?

"Some men with complete transection of the spinal cord are able to produce an erection and ejaculation with genital stimulation."

The hormone progesterone is metabolized in which organ?

Liver

Which chromosome or gene results in the development of testes rather than ovaries?

SRY

Select the most reliable test to diagnose syphilis.

Serology

When caring for the client with acute bacterial prostatitis, the nurse plans for which intervention?

antibiotics

What should the nurse teach the client about assessing for possible breast cancer?

"Perform monthly self-breast exams after menses."

A nurse providing genetic counseling to a woman with mutations in BRCA1 gene determines that the client needs additional counseling when the woman makes which statement?

"BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are associated with longevity."

Which assessment finding correlates to advanced (tertiary) syphilis?

Dementia

Which event is associated with the primary stage of syphilis?

Genital chancres

The nurse should assess a client with a history of untreated chlamydia for which potential disease process?

Reiter syndrome

A female client reports that her mother-in-law was just diagnosed with cervical cancer and asks the nurse about her own risk. Which response by the nurse is correct?

"If you had the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, your risk is greatly reduced."

A woman asks "Why do I have to tell my sexual partner about chlamydia? I thought this was a "female" disease." What is the nurse's best response?

"The condition is transmittable to men and may cause infertility."

In teaching a client about genital warts, which statement is correct for the nurse to say?

"The incubation period is 6 weeks to 3 months."

A parent of an 8-year-old boy arrives at the clinic with reports of nausea and pain radiating to the inguinal area. Physical inspection reveals the left testicle is high in the scrotum and the testis is large and tender. Which treatment for the child is considered the priority?

A surgical detorsion procedure

The nurse provides prophylactic treatment for a neonate to prevent conjunctival gonorrhea. The nurse is aware that the intervention will reduce the risk of:

Blindness

An 18-month-old boy is diagnosed with cryptorchidism. Based on this diagnosis, what does the nurse expect to observe during the physical assessment?

Absence of the testis in the scrotum bilaterally

A female client with anorexia nervosa tells the nurse that she has been experiencing amenorrhea. The nurse is aware that this is a result of:

Alteration of critical body fat-to-muscle ratio needed for menses to occur

Spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and are moved through the genital ducts to be stored in the ampulla of the vas deferens before ejaculation through the penis. Unlike the female egg, which remains briefly fertile, spermatozoa can remain fertile for up to 42 days. Where are the spermatozoa stored so they maintain their fertility?

Ampulla

A 24-year-old female presents with vulvar pruritus accompanied by irritation, pain on urination, erythema, and an odorless, thick, acid vaginal discharge. She denies sexual activity during the last 6 months. Her records show that she has diabetes mellitus and uses oral contraceptives. Which category of medication is most likely to resolve her symptoms?

An azole antifungal agent

A female client is scheduled for a laparoscopic removal of an ectopic pregnancy. Which assessment finding would indicate the need for the nurse to prepare the client for a laparotomy?

BP 90/50 mmHg

The nurse in the urology office recognizes screening men at risk for prostate cancer includes which diagnostic measures?

Blood level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal exam

A client complains of not being able to experience satisfactory sexual intercourse. The nurse knows that erectile dysfunction is now recognized as a marker for:

Cardiovascular disease

A client comes to the clinic and informs the nurse that he is having difficulty obtaining and maintaining an erection, which had never happened before. When assessing the client, which system should the nurse be sure to focus on?

Cardiovascular system

The nurse in the ER is caring for a client with lower abdominal pain that is greater on the right side and who has light vaginal spotting. When the client's human chorionic gonadroptropin (hCG) level is lower than normal, the nurse plans care for a client with:

Ectopic pregnancy

In the male stages of the sexual act, emission precedes which stage, which is mediated through spinal cord reflexes?

Ejaculation

A nurse educator is explaining the process of sexual intercourse, fertilization, and fetal development to a high school biology class. What process should the nurse describe?

Fertilization in the outer portion of the fallopian tube

A male client is admitted with a spinal injury that has damaged his sacral plexus. The nurse understands that this type of injury could affect the impulse stimulation for initiating the sexual act through which organ?

Glans penis

When one of the mucosal glands becomes blocked and traps mucus in the deeper glands, what kind of cyst forms within the cervix?

Nabothian cysts

A client is diagnosed with trichomoniasis. Which findings likely helped to confirm this diagnosis?

Sexual activity

The nurse is assessing a female client who is being seen at the clinic for a yearly pelvic and Pap smear. Upon assessment, which sign is consistent with the facilitation of movement of intravascular fluid into the extracelluar space related to estrogen levels before menstruation?

Slight edema of the feet and ankles

A client's history and physical documents the presence of an indolent lymphoma. The nurse plans care for which type of lymphoma?

Slow-growing

The nurse is caring for a 52-year-old female client who is experiencing hot flashes and night sweats. The nurse anticipates which nonpharmaceutical substance may be prescribed to alleviate these symptoms?

Soy

A client provides a semen specimen for a fertility test. Which results indicate normal fertility?

Sperm count 380 million/m:, 75% motility, volume 5 mL

A female client whose mother recently died from ovarian cancer asks, "Why the survival rate from ovarian cancer is so low?" Which response is most accurate?

Symptoms of ovarian cancer are nonspecific and therefore difficult to interpret.

A client presents with a rash on the palms of his hands, mucous membranes, and stomach. He is reporting a sore throat and nausea. Which conditions is the nurse concerned about?

Syphilis

An obstetrician is explaining the differentiation of embryonic tissue into a fetus to an aspiring class of nursing students. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of male sex characteristics?

Testosterone

The health care provider is caring for an older adult male client who reports fatigue and decreased strength. The nurse anticipates which treatment may be prescribed?

Testosterone

What is a primary intervention for the nurse to implement for a client with pelvic inflammatory disease ?

Administer antibiotic therapy.

Screening for which disease process should be done prior to beginning testosterone replacement therapy?

Prostate cancer

Which factors are associated with development of a sexually transmitted infection (STI)? Select all that apply.

-Bacteria -Chlamydia -Virus -Parasite

Which condition is an example of wound healing by secondary intention?

An infected burn of the arm

A female client's assessment identifies symptoms of dyspareunia and burning. The nurse is aware that the client may have developed:

Atrophic vaginitis

Which condition would the nurse expect a female client with human papillomavirus (HPV) to exhibit?

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

A female client with uterine prolapse asks the nurse about treatment options. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

"You may need surgery to support your uterus."

Primary hypogonadism can occur as a result of which physical abnormality?

Testicular failure due to a problem in the testes

Which factor places a male client at risk for balanitis?

Uncircumcised penis

The nurse's plan of care for a client with multiple myeloma should include interventions to prevent:

Fractures

Select the factor that would increase a male's risk for the development of testicular cancer.

History of cryptorchidism

An older adult male client is complaining of dribbling after he urinates and feeling like he never empties his bladder. The nurse suspects the client may have a problem with:

an enlarged prostate gland.

A client who has a history of untreated cervicitis tells the nurse that she is concerned about the risk of experiencing problems with fertility. The nurse explains that problems may result from:

ascending infection of the fallopian tubes.

The nurse planning care for a menopausal woman should include interventions to decrease risk for:

atherosclerosis.

The nurse planning a community education program on abuse of androgens to enhance athletic performance should include which adverse event as a potential harmful effect?

azoospermia

Based on the group that statistically has the greatest risk, the health care provider should assess which ethnic group for prostate cancer?

black

Which client is at highest risk of developing trichomoniasis?

A client who is sexually active

The nurse is reviewing findings from the maturation index with an understanding that the test indicates:

Estrogen levels

What can a female client with a palpable breast lump expect as the next diagnostic step if the mass does not appear on mammography?

Breast ultrasound

Long, stretchy cervical mucus that exhibits ferning on a microscope slide is characteristic of:

Crystallization of inorganic salts

In primary dysmenorrhea, when contraception is not desired, what is the treatment of choice?

Ibuprofen

A client presents with gonorrhea. Which of the following is a primary nursing action?

Reporting the case to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

During the emission of the male sexual stages, what process occurs in the reproductive system?

Sperm move from the epididymis to the urethra.

A pregnant client presents with bacterial vaginosis. What is the nurse's primary concern?

The client has an increased risk of preterm labor.

Which complication is associated with prostatic hyperplasia?

Urine retention

A 29-year-old client had a Papanicolaou smear performed during her most recent visit to her primary care provider. This diagnostic procedure aims to identify:

Atypical cervix cellular changes

A client asks how his condition, Condylomata acuminata, is caused. What is the nurse's best response?

"Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the cause of your condition."

After seeking care due to recent history of testicular enlargement and scrotal pain, a 22-year-old college student has been diagnosed with testicular cancer. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

"I can't shake this feeling like I've received a death sentence."

The nurse is teaching a client with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) about the condition. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further instruction?

"I developed this as a result of a sexually transmitted infection."

A client informs the nurse that he has been having difficulty sustaining an erection. Which statement made by the client demonstrates to the nurse that the client understands what a contributing factor to his erectile dysfunction is?

"I should stop smoking cigarettes. I have been smoking for 20 years."

A nurse is teaching a class about the proper way to insert an indwelling catheter. Which statement made by one of the students would demonstrate that the teaching has been effective?

"I will insert the catheter into the urethra."

The nurse has taught a 30-year-old female client to perform breast self-evaluation (BSE). Which statement by the client indicates correct understanding?

"I will palpate my breasts for lumps a few days after my period."

A client develops Reiter's syndrome. Which symptoms will the nurse assess? Select all that apply.

-Conjunctivitis -Pain in the joints

The health care provider suspects a diagnosis of endometriosis. Which procedure provides a definitive diagnosis?

Laparoscopy

Which physiologic changes result in menopause?

Cessation of ovarian function and decreased estrogen levels

Which diagnosis is most likely to require surgical correction?

Hypospadias

Select the treatment of choice for syphilis.

Long-acting penicillin in a single injection

For which cancers is a client infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) at increased risk? Select all that apply.

-Vulvar -Cervical -Vaginal

A client has been diagnosed with breast cancer following a suspicious mammogram followed by biopsy. The nurse who is planning this client's care should recognize that her prognosis is primarily dependent on the:

extent to which lymph nodes are involved.

The nurse assessing an adult male with impaired testosterone should evaluate which of the following as an expected finding?

fatigue

A client is admitted with a prolonged and painful erection that has lasted longer than 4 hours. The nurse knows that this is a true urologic emergency, and that the cause is:

impaired blood flow in the corpora cavernosa of the penis.

The nurse is explaining the process of conception to a group of middle-school students and points out that fertilization occurs:

in the middle to outer portion of the fallopian tube.

A client is experiencing oligomenorrhea. The nurse interprets this as:

infrequent menstruation with periods more than 35 days apart.

The physiologic reasoning behind giving acyclovir, an antiviral medication, to a client diagnosed with genital herpes would include the fact that these drugs:

interfere with viral DNA replication, which can decrease the frequency of recurrences.

A surgeon is explaining the anatomical structures of the penis during grand rounds. During his explanation the surgeon states that the cremaster muscles work in concert with the pampiniform plexus that surrounds the testicular artery to:

maintain testicular temperature.

When should postmenopausal women do breast self-examination?

Any day of the month

A client asks the nurse how he will know if he has syphilis after sexual contact. What is the nurse's best response?

"You will develop a sore on your penis or scrotum."

For males between 5 and 10 years of age, which cause of priapism is most common?

Sickle cell anemia

While working with a client with a fairly recent spinal cord injury, the partner asks about the couple's ability to maintain a sexual relationship. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

"If the parasympathetic impulses can pass from the sacral segments of spinal cord through pelvic nerves, an erection should be possible."

A pregnant 23-year-old diagnosed with herpes simplex virus (HSV) is receiving prenatal care from her family physician. To prevent transmission of the virus to her baby, the physician will educate the client by making which statement?

"If there aren't any visible lesions when you enter labor, a vaginal delivery will be safe to go ahead with."

The nurse is discussing the physical changes related to menopause with a 48-year-old woman. The client asks, "How long will it take before I am through these changes and finally reach menopause?" Which statement is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"Most women experience symptoms for about 4 years."

The nurse is teaching a client with hypertension about managing erectile dysfunction (ED). What information should the nurse share with the client?

"Participating in regular exercise may help resolve the ED."

Which statements are accurate when it comes to changes in the male reproductive system as one ages? Select all that apply.

-sexual energy levels decrease as one ages, with decreasing testosterone levels -the testes become smaller and lose their families -the prostate gland enlarged with age

The nursing student who is studying pathophysiology of the male genitourinary system correctly identifies which of these as functions of the penis? Select all that apply.

-sexual function -urine elimination

The nurse is assessing a client in the urology clinic with suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which client symptoms are consistent with BPH?

-urinary frequency -dribbling after urination -awakening at night to void

A male client and his spouse are trying to optimize their chances of conception. The nurse understands that the ejaculate amount may increase two to four times its normal amount because of:

Abstinence

Which information is essential for a nurse to include in the teaching plan for a client receiving metronidazole for trichomoniasis?

Abstinence is recommended until the therapy is completed.

Estrogen is an ovarian hormone that plays many roles in the reproductive cycle. The nurse understands that estrogen has which nonreproductive effect on the female?

Accelerates growth of long bones

A client diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been experiencing a low neutrophil count. How would this type of neutropenia be classified?

Acquired, autoimmune secondary neutropenia

An adult male reports painful urination, rectal pain, fever/chills, general malaise and myalgia. Vital signs are: temperature, 101.7°F (38.7°C); blood pressure, 105/74 mm Hg; pulse, 98 bpm; respiration, 22 breaths/min. What condition should the health care provider suspect?

Acute bacterial prostatitis

A client presents with signs and symptoms of candidiasis and is concerned about why this occurs after taking antibiotics. The most appropriate information for the nurse to provide would be:

Antibiotics suppress the normal protective vaginal flora allowing overgrowth of C. albicans.

A female receives a Papanicolaou (Pap) test result indicating she has human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. As part of her education, the nurse would emphasize the need for continued follow-up to monitor for which potential complication?

Cervical dysplasia

A 71-year-old man has visited his family physician for a checkup, during which the physician has initiated a discussion about the client's sexual function. Which phenomenon is the physician most likely to consider a pathologic rather than an age-related change?

Cessation of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) production

Epididymitis can be sexually transmitted, or it can be caused by a variety of other reasons, including abnormalities in the genitourinary tract. What are the most common causes of epididymitis in young men without underlying genitourinary disease?

Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Erectile dysfunction is the inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse. The nurse knows that there may be many causes of erectile dysfunction, and a psychogenic cause would include which of the following?

Depression

Which assessment is most likely to reveal a potential exacerbation in a 70-year-old client's diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Digital rectal examination

A nurse suspects a client has trichomoniasis based on which assessed vaginal discharge?

Frothy green

The nurse assessing for signs and symptoms of perimenopause in a woman should assess for:

Menstrual irregularity

A 27-year-old male developed mumps and was ill for several days. The client suddenly developed a fever and painful enlargement of the testes approximately 4 days after recovering. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed:

Orchitis

An older postmenopausal adult female fractured her left femur. She has sustained several fractures in the past 4 years and has been taking calcium and vitamin D supplements. What is a common problem that this client is most likely suffering from?

Osteoporosis

The nurse is conducting a community education program on menopause. Which condition will require medical follow-up?

Osteoporosis

The nurse providing teaching about the female reproductive system includes which principle?

Ovaries are responsible for ovulation and hormone production.

Lactation occurs under the control of the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin. What causes the ejection of milk from the ductile system in the breast?

Oxytocin

With the aging male, many changes are measurable. The measurable changes in the reproductive system of the older male are particularly attributable to which hormone?

Testosterone hormone

A male client is receiving testosterone for primary hypogonadism. What assessment would indicate successful treatment?

Testosterone level increases

The nurse in the newborn nursery is caring for a neonate with epispadias. Why does the nurse makes a point of assessing the baby's abdomen?

The bladder may be found outside the abdominal wall in children with episadias.

The nurse is discussing ovulation with a female client and notes an indication of ovulation is spinnbarkeit. What is an accurate description of spinnbarkeit?

The stretchy consistency of cervical mucus during ovulation

The connecting tube between the cervix and the vestibule is referred to as:

Vagina

Spermatid develops into a mature sperm cell, containing enzymes necessary for penetration and fertilization of the ovum. Which structure of the male reproductive organ stores the sperm until they mature?

epididymis

In the complex interaction of the sexual act in males, the nurse is aware that there are four stages involved. Which stage involves shunting of blood into the corpus cavernosum?

erection

Men whose sexual partners have been diagnosed with Trichomonas vaginalis will likely exhibit:

no symptoms of infection.

The nurse is checking the pH of a client's vaginal tissue and finds the pH to be 4.3. The nurse interprets this finding as:

normal

A client presents with priapism. The nurse interviews the client about which potential risk factors? Select all that apply.

-History of erectile dysfunction -Recent intake of alcohol -Hematologic disorders

A client is diagnosed with trichomoniasis. Which information is appropriate for the nurse to tell the client?

"We need to contact your sexual partners."

Which clients would the nurse determine are at increased risk of infection with gonorrhea? Select all that apply.

-The client who is younger than 25 years of age -The client with multiple sexual partners -The client who does not use condoms

A female client informs the nurse that she is having hot flashes on occasion, has trouble sleeping, and thinks that she is having some symptoms of menopause. The client asks the nurse how long these symptoms will last prior to experiencing menopause. What is the bestresponse?

"Perimenopause can precede menopause by approximately 4 years."

The parents of a baby born with hypospadias ask the nurse if the baby can be circumcised. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

"The circumcision will not be done now; the foreskin is needed for surgical repair."

A female college student is distressed at the recent appearance of genital warts, an assessment finding that her health care provider has confirmed as attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Which information should the health care provider give the client?

"There is a chance that these will clear up on their own without any treatment."

A client asks why his partners need to know that he was diagnosed with syphilis. What is the nurse's best response?

"They will have to be treated prophylactically."

Which instruction is essential for the nurse to include in the care plan for a client with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1)?

"This disease is transmitted by oral secretions."

A male client is diagnosed with gonococcal urethritis. He tells the nurse he had recent sexual contact with a woman but states she did not appear to have any disease. What is the nurse's best response to the client?

"Women may not know they have gonorrhea because they may not have symptoms."

When asked if it is possible for a woman who is not using birth control to become pregnant if she has unprotected sexual intercourse 1 to 2 days before she ovulates, how should the nurse respond?

"Yes, sperm can live 1 to 2 days in the female genital tract."

A 38-year-old woman with proliferative breast changes of papilloma asks the nurse about her risk for breast cancer. Which statement of risk is correct?

Higher because of your papilloma

When a woman asks the nurse at what age menopause usually occurs, what should the nurse respond?

48 to 55 years of age

A nurse who works in a fertility clinic is conducting a program on options for various fertility issues. The nurse judges that the participants understand the education when they identify that donor eggs are the best option for which woman?

A 42-year-old

Which sexually active woman most likely faces the highest risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy?

A 42-year-old who has decided to try to have one more child and has had her tubal ligation reversed

An adolescent male comes to the urgent care clinic. Upon assessment, the following is noted: history of circumcision, erythema of the glans, and prepuce with a malodorous discharge. Based on symptoms, the probable diagnosis would be:

Acute superficial balanoposthitis

There is no known cure for genital herpes, and methods of treatment are often symptomatic. Pharmacologic management of genital herpes includes which drugs?

Acyclovir

A client has been diagnosed with syphilis after seeking care for a penile lesion. The nurse should anticipate which intervention?

Administration of injectable penicillin

A nurse notes that the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are increasing. To which reason does the nurse attribute this?

Advanced technology to screen for infections

The nurse is explaining ovulation to a female client. The nurse explains that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are important hormones needed to ovulate and are secreted by which gland?

Anterior pituitary

Select the structure primarily responsible for the secretions of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin.

Anterior pituitary gland

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic adenocarcinomas present differently. The nurse is aware of which difference?

BPH is commonly located in the periurethral zone of the prostate, while prostate cancers are commonly located in the peripheral zones of the prostate.

A woman and her male partner both have contracted gonorrhea. The nurse should monitor both clients for signs and symptoms of what complication?

Bacteremic heart valves

A client presents to the outpatient clinic complaining of gray discharge that has a fishy odor. The health care provider sees "clue cells" on wet-mount microscopic exam. This would most likely lead to the diagnosis of:

Bacterial vaginosis

The nurse is reviewing the uses and side effects of azithromycin. For which infection is azithromycin the antibiotic of choice?

Chlamydial

A couple presents to an infertility clinic. The health care provider will focus testing on which sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is very damaging to the reproductive system but rarely exhibits symptoms of infection?

Chlamydial infection

A female client informs the nurse at the clinic that she is having terrible cramping when having her menstrual cycle. She states that she has had this since beginning her cycles at age 13. What is the physiologic cause of this cramping?

Contractions of the fibers of the myometrium to expel menstrual flow

What are the fibrous tissue ligaments that extend outward from the outer boundaries of the breast to the nipple area in a radial manner called?

Cooper ligaments

A client has been diagnosed with condylomata acuminata. The nurse recognizes that which treatment may be prescribed to removal visible warts?

Cryotherapy

The gerontology nurse recognizes that aging male clients may enter a stage referred to as andropause. Which of these does the nurse recognize as characteristic of this stage?

Decline in sexual function

A nurse monitors for side effects in a female client receiving endometriosis treatment with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide. Which adverse effect would be cause to limit duration of treatment?

Decreased bone density

Which phenomena is thought to underlie the decreased reported incidence of some sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Decreased reporting of cases of certain STIs

A client asks the nurse practitioner what organism is considered normal vaginal flora. Which response by the practitioner would be considered the best answer?

Döderlein bacilli

Cryptorchidism, left untreated, is a high risk for testicular cancer and infertility. What is one of the treatment goals for boys with cryptorchidism?

Easier cancer detection

A teenage client has been diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis and asks the health care provider what caused the condition. Which response is most accurate for the nurse to share with this client?

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

In assessing a client with a fibroadenoma of the breast, what will the nurse find?

Firm, rubbery masses

A male client is admitted with a spinal injury that has damaged his sacral plexus. The nurse understands that this type of injury could affect the impulse stimulation for initiating the sexual act through which organ?`

Glans penis

A client presents to an STI clinic. Her primary complaint is related to purulent exudate and bleeding after intercourse. The health care worker will primarily focus on the diagnosis of which STI?

Gonorrhea

The nurse is caring for a client with lichen simplex chronicus. What assessment finding does the nurse expect?

Gray-white plaques with an irregular surface

A lymph node biopsy pathology report notes the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells on a client suspected of having a lymphoma. The nurse interprets the report as indicating:

Hodgkin lymphoma

A female client is found to have genital warts during a routine pelvic examination. Which sexually transmitted infection will the nurse prepare to test for?

Human papillomavirus

The nurse is assessing a woman's risk for breast cancer. Which of these risk factors places the woman at the greatest risk?

Late menopause

The nurse is reviewing laboratory values of a 70-year-old female client and observes the client's low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level is elevated. The nurse understands a possible reason for this is:

Long-term estrogen deprivation

What are the small bumps or projections on the areolar surface called?

Montgomery tubercles or glands

A female client presents to her primary care physician with a report of very heavy bleeding during menstrual cycles. Tests indicate the condition is not from a hormone imbalance. Which intervention option is least invasive?

Oral contraceptives

The nurse on the urology unit teaches the nursing student that which test assists in detecting a recurrence of prostate cancer after prostatectomy?

PSA level

A client has been diagnosed with a Bartholin gland cyst. The nurse expects the client may experience which symptoms if this becomes infected?

Pain, tenderness, and dyspareunia

A client is complaining to the health care provider about several vague signs/symptoms. Which sign/symptom raises a "red flag" indicating the client may have developed endometrial cancer?

Painless abnormal bleeding

Sperm begin their life in the Sertoli cells. What factor functions in releasing mature spermatozoa from the Sertoli cells?

Plasminogen activator

Which disorder of the female genitourinary system is most likely to result from a disruption in normal endocrine function?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

A client complains of acute retention of urine, frequency of urination, and a constant desire to empty the bladder, especially at night. The nurse expects that which diagnostic test will be completed to determine degree of urinary obstruction?

Postvoiding catheterization

The nurse is caring for a client with sickle cell crisis. For which of these urologic complications does the nurse observe?

Priapism

A female client experiencing hot flashes during perimenopause asks the nurse about hormone therapy (HT). What is the appropriate response by the nurse?

Short term HT can be used to reduce symptoms.

A female client presents to the clinic with a rash on the palms of her hands, symptoms of hair loss, and the development of elevated, red-brown lesions that have begun to ulcerate and produce a foul discharge. Based on these symptoms, the nurse plans to test the client for which sexually transmitted infection?

Syphilis

A female client reports to the health care provider that she has noticed a release of urine when she laughs or sneezes. Which interventions should the provider implement first?

Teach the client to do pelvic floor exercises

A young woman is almost ready to deliver, and she has an outbreak of genital herpes. What is the nurse's best action?

Tell the woman about a cesarean section.

Candidiasis is a leading cause of vaginal infections. Which antifungal agent is only available with a prescription (not available OTC) to treat candidiasis?

Terconazole

The nurse is caring for a client with significant benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hydronephrosis who is fearful of having corrective surgery. Which information is important for the nurse to convey?

The obstruction is causing urine to flow backward and cause kidney dysfunction.

The pediactric nurse is teaching the mother of a newborn with hypospadias about this disorder. Which of these does the nurse convey?

The opening of the urethra is found on the underside of the penis.

The nurse is an assessing a female client who suspects she is in menopause. A vaginal pH of 5.6 is obtained. What does this pH indicate for the client?

The pH indicates that the client is deficient in estrogen.

A male client is being prepared for a physical examination of his prostate gland. How will the nurse explain the location of the prostate gland?

The prostate gland is located in the pelvis, inferior to the bladder.

Select the condition that contributes to the risk of infertility in males.

Trichomoniasis

The nurse is caring for a 54-year-old female client who reports vaginal dryness and painful intercourse. The nurse expects which prescription will be ordered for this client?

Vaginal estrogen preparation

When explaining polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to a newly diagnosed client, the health care worker states, "This ovarian dysfunction is caused by:

elevated LH."

A 29-year-old female client has been diagnosed with fibrocystic breasts. The nurse should assess the client for which symptoms associated with fibrotic changes? Select all that apply.

-Palpable breast masses that change during the menstrual cycle -Breast pain or discomfort

A 21-year-old university football player has acknowledged to a nurse at a campus clinic that he has been injecting androgens in an effort to increase his muscle mass and enhance his on-field performance. Which teaching point should the nurse include in a conversation with the player?

"You run real risk of decreasing the size of your testicles and developing breasts by doing this."

A female client with endometrial hyperplasia asks the nurse about her risk of endometrial cancer. Which statement by the nurse best answers the question?

"Your cancer risk is decreased by taking progesterone, rather than by taking oral contraceptives."

A female client with uterine leiomyomas asks the nurse about her risk of uterine cancer. Which statement best answers the question?

"Your leiomyomas may cause heavy periods but will not become cancerous."

A female client is being prepared for removal of an ovarian granulosa cell tumor. The client asks the nurse about her risk of ovarian cancer. Which statement best answers this question?

"Your ovarian cancer risk is decreased by taking oral contraceptives."

A nurse is caring for a client in whom genital herpes is being ruled out. Which information helps to confirm the diagnosis? Select all that apply.

-Pain on urination -Pustules -Painful lesions -Itching

Which clinical manifestations are characteristic for clients with Peyronie disease? Select all that apply.

-Painful erection -Presence of a hard mass on the tunica albuginea of the penis

The nurse is planning a staff education program on current recommendations for hormone replacement therapy (HT) during menopause. Which content should the nurse include in the educational program? Select all that apply.

-Avoid HT for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease -Consider alternative therapy for asymptomatic women -Limit HT to the shortest duration possible

The female external genitalia are made up of several components. What is in the vestibule of the female external genitalia?

Bartholin glands

The nurse is caring for a client with cancer of the scrotum. When performing a health history, which of these does the nurse explore as a risk for this type of malignancy?

Exposure to tar and soot

The nurse is caring for a client whose temperature is increasing. Which other vital sign/body response will the nurse monitor for an increase?

Heart rate

An older adult male states that he is unable to gain satisfactory sexual intercourse because he is not able to maintain an erection. The nurse understands that the underlying problem of inability to maintain an erection is likely due to which physiologic problem?

Impaired blood flow

A female client with blocked fallopian tubes seeks assistance at a fertility clinic. Which assisted reproductive technology will bring the greatest chance for conception?

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

What late complications of a transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) will the nurse address with the client as a part of discharge teaching?

Incontinence

The ovaries secrete both estrogen and progesterone. What is one function of progesterone in the body?

Increases body temperature at ovulation

A male client reports sudden pain and a bulging in the scrotal sac after lifting a heavy object. The swelling does not reduce when the client is supine and he begins to sweat profusely. What condition is the likely cause of these manifestations?

Inguinal hernia

A client reports irregular, very painful bleeding. While taking the history of this postmenopausal client, the health care provider is alert to which high-risk factor associated with ovarian cancer?

Never had any children

A client requests a prescription for sildenafil to assist him with achieving and maintaining an erection. Which type of medication would contraindicate the use of sildenafil?

Nitrate

A client on the urology floor who has BPH asks the nurse how the pharmacologic agent finasteride will help decrease the size of his prostate. Which principle explains the mechanism of action?

Blocking effects of androgens on the prostate

A 59-year-old woman with a recent diagnosis of breast cancer has begun a course of hormone therapy. What is the goal of this pharmacologic treatment?

Blocking effects of estrogen on the growth of malignant cells

A female client has been breast-feeding her 2-month-old child and decided that she would like to stop, as she will be returning to work. Which of the following should the nurse be sure to tell the client related to cessation of breast-feeding?

Breast leakage may occur for up to 1 year after cessation of breast-feeding.

A client asks, "What gland is responsible for urethral lubrication during male sexual stimulation?" Which response by the health care provider would be the best reply?

Bulbourethral glands

In order to minimize the risk of developing a hernia, when should the fetal inguinal canal close completely?

By the ninth fetal month

The nurse is caring for a female client who asks, "Will taking estrogen increase my chances of developing breast cancer?" Which statement is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support estrogen as the cause of breast cancer."

A female client with a strong family history of cardiovascular disease asks the nurse if she should take estrogen replacement while in menopause. What is the nurse's best response?

"Estrogen has additional cardioprotective actions and you and your physician should determine if this would benefit you."

Which assessment question is most likely to address the causation of a woman's new case of candidiasis?

"Have you been on antibiotics recently?"

A 21-year-old college student has sought care because of the vaginal burning, itching, and redness that have become worse in recent weeks. Which assessment question by the clinician is most likely to apply to a diagnosis of vaginitis?

"Have you ever had a sexually transmitted infection?"

A client is admitted with secondary orchitis. Which assessment question is most relevant?

"Have you ever had mumps?"

A client is diagnosed with granuloma inguinale. Which question should the nurse ask the client?

"Have you traveled outside of the country recently?"

A client comes to the clinic and is diagnosed with genital herpes. Which statement by the client indicates that the nurse's teaching about management of the disease has been effective?

"I will take the acyclovir every 8 hours for the next week."

Which report by a middle-aged woman should prompt a care provider to assess for the possibility of ovarian cancer?

"I'm having a lot of indigestion and bloating, which I've never had before."

A client diagnosed with endometriosis asks the nurse how it is that she did not know about this when she had it for so long. What is the nurse's best response?

"Its symptoms mimic those of other disorders "

A female client is diagnosed with chlamydia during a routine pelvic examination. Which statement by the client indicates that the nurse's teaching about management of the disease has been effective?

"My partner will need to take antibiotics at the same time I do."

What is the most important discharge instruction for a female client with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Take all of the antibiotic

Breasts are not functionally related to the female genitourinary system. The role of hormones in breast development is important for the growth of which system related to the breast?

Ductile system

The male reproductive system is composed of two systems. The nurse knows that which system is responsible for the transportation and storage of sperm?

Ductile system

An older man is concerned about his sexual dysfunction. The nurse knows problems in which bodily system/function can cause erectile dysfunction? Select all that apply.

-Side effects of medications -Cardiovascular disease -Hyperlipidemia

The endocrine system is highly involved in the female reproductive system. Which hormones are used to stimulate the primordial follicles?

FSH and LH

During infertility workup, the client is diagnosed with chlamydial infection. The health care provider will especially be looking for which complication of chlamydial infections that can interfere with egg transportation?

Fallopian tube damage

Trichomoniasis, being a STI, can cause a number of complications. It is a risk factor for which complication in both the male and female population?

HIV transmission

Which condition is associated with domelike lesions on both the inner thighs and vaginal area that produce a curdlike exudate?

Molluscum contagiosum

A 13-year-old client undergoing puberty is alarmed to find small, white bumps surrounding her areolae. The nurse reassures her that these are a normal sign of her sexual maturation and tells her that they are:

Montgomery tubercles.

A nurse is educating a group of students about the spread of sexually transmitted infections. Which is a potential portal of entry for most sexually transmitted infections?

Mouth

Select the most common symptom a female diagnosed with chlamydial infection will develop.

Mucopurulent cervical discharge

A client has been diagnosed with acute cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Which clinical manifestation correlates to this diagnosis?

Mucopurulent drainage

A 41-year-old male client is planning on having a vasectomy. While explaining this surgery to the client, the health care worker will include which physiologic principle as the basis for this contraception technique?

"Sperm can no longer pass through the ductus deferens."

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is caused by an overgrowth of:

Mucosal glands

A new mother asks the nurse what she can do to prevent her breasts from drooping. What should the nurse recommend? Select all that apply.

-Maintain good posture -Use bras that provide good support

The nurse is instructing a group of male clients on ways to reduce the risk of penile cancer. What instructions should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

-Maintaining good hygiene -Receiving the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine -Avoiding nude sunbathing

The nurse is speaking with a client who has testicular cancer. The client asks the nurse if there are other options other than the orchiectomy, a procedure that has been recommended by the physician. What is the nurse's best response?

"The basic treatment of all testicular cancers is orchiectomy."

During physical exam of a newborn, the nurse palpates the scrotal sac and only locates one testicle. Which statement about undescended testicles is most accurate?

"The child can become infertile later in life as a result of decreased sperm count."

A pregnant client asks the nurse what is causing her lower leg edema, nausea, and constipation that she is experiencing. What is the nurse's best response?

"The increase in progesterone during pregnancy is most likely the cause of these discomforts."

The nurse is discussing the menstrual cycle with a female client. The client asks, "Why do my hands get puffy and I gain weight right before my periods?" Which statement is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"The level of estrogen increases in your body before your period, and this causes fluid retention."

After an office visit with her primary health provider, a female client with an elevated CA-125 test result asks the nurse if that means she has ovarian cancer. What is the nurse's bestresponse?

"The test is not specific for ovarian cancer but suggests further evaluation to find the cause of the elevation."

A client asks the health care provider to, "Explain brachytherapy, which is recommended for my cervical cancer." Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

"They will insert a radioactive device into your vagina and position it next to the cervix, so that curative levels of radiation are directly on the cancer site."

An older adult female comes in to the clinic for her yearly gynecologic appointment and informs the nurse that she is having pain when having intercourse with her spouse. The client has been postmenopausal for at least 5 years. What is the nurse's best response?

"This is caused by a decrease in estrogen levels, but there are things that you may be able to use to help."

The nurse is teaching a female client who has been prescribed hormone therapy. The client asks, "What does this medication do?" Which statement is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"This medication will help relieve hot flashes and other adverse symptoms of menopause."

A young woman has contracted the human papillomavirus (HPV) and has developed genital warts. The client is eager to receive an HPV vaccine, citing the large number of television advertisements she has seen. How should the nurse best respond?

"Unfortunately, these vaccines may be less effective once you have HPV."

A client with vulvodynia tells the nurse, "This is not getting better. I just can't live like this." What is the best response by the nurse?

"What bothers you the most about your condition?"

A 70-year-old male tells the health care provider he is now in a relationship with a younger woman who is capable of reproduction. The client asks if he may still be fertile. The best response would be:

"Yes; some 80- and 90-year-old men have been known to father children."

The nurse is caring for a 48-year-old female client who asks, "How do you know when you have reached menopause?" Which statement is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"You are considered to be menopausal when you have not menstruated for a full year and the hormone that fluctuates with menstruation no longer fluctuates."

A client has a new prescription for a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor. What teaching does the nurse include? Select all that apply.

-"If priapism develops, seek immediate medical attention to prevent complications." -"You should explore psychological therapy in addition to this medication." -"The medication results in vasodilation to increase blood flow to the penis."

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The nurse teaches the client about what medications commonly used to treat BPH and its complications? Select all that apply.

-5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (e.g., finasteride) -phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (e.g., tadalafil) -αlpha-1 adrenergic antagonists (e.g., tamsulosin)

Which clients are at highest risk of developing candidiasis? Select all that apply.

-A client who completed a 10-day course of antibiotic therapy for a urinary tract infection -A client who is pregnant -A client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2

A 40-year-old male client with multiple health problems has been diagnosed with a testosterone deficiency. The nurse knows that which assessment findings would correlate with a testosterone deficiency? Select all that apply.

-A high-pitched voice. -A low muscle mass in proportion to his total body weight. -Hot flashes and diaphoresis.

The nurse is providing an education program to a group of men over the age of 18 years. An important topic the nurse is discussing relates to balanitis and its prevention. Which man does the nurse recognize is at high risk for this disorder? Select all that apply.

-A man with poor hygiene -A man that is immunosuppressed -A man with diabetes

Parents bring their 3-year-old son to urgent care due to swelling at the head of the penis and purulent discharge under the foreskin. The nurse notes phimosis. What actions does the nurse take? Select all that apply.

-Advise the parents to monitor the child's urinary output. -Request analgesia and prepare to collect cultures.

A 30-year-old male client is being treated for testicular cancer. The nurse monitors what hormone levels as indicators of response to treatment? Select all that apply.

-Alpha-fetoprotein -Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin

A client is admitted into the emergency department with a sustained erection lasting 4 hours. Which initial treatments does the nurse anticipate administering? Select all that apply.

-Analgesics -Sedation -Hydrating measures

A woman comes to the clinic with complains of vague, lower abdominal symptoms. Upon physical exam, the healthcare provider recognizes the woman has symptoms of leiomyomas based on which assessment findings? Select all that apply.

-Anemia -Urinary frequency -Rectal pressure -Menorrhagia -Abdominal distention

The nurse is taking the history of a 30-year-old female client with amenorrhea. What factors does the nurse identify as contributing to the condition? Select all that apply.

-Anorexia nervosa -Long-distance running -Pituitary tumor

A client has developed a 5-cm Bartholin cyst and is experiencing pain, tenderness, and dyspareunia. Which treatment regimen is commonly prescribed for this condition? Select all that apply.

-Antibiotics -Moist heat applications -Drainage of cyst

A client with painful genital herpes lesions relates pain as being a 7 out of 10. Which interventions should the nurse conduct? Select all that apply.

-Apply cool compresses. -Call the health care provider for oral analgesics. -Apply topical anesthetic cream.

A client has been diagnosed with mastitis. What are appropriate nursing interventions the client should be educated on? Select all that apply.

-Apply warmth to affected area -Administer mild analgesics like NSAIDs -Apply a binder to the breast

What changes in the breasts would the nurse assessing a 12-year-old girl expect to find, indicating the onset of puberty? Select all that apply.

-Areola and nipples become darker -Nipples are more prominent

The nurse is discussing hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) with a postmenopausal woman. The nurse points out that concerns relating to their use include increased risk for which disease processes? Select all that apply.

-Atherosclerosis -Breast cancer

The nurse is counseling a client with mild benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on lifestyle changes that can reduce the urinary symptoms associated with this condition. What lifestyle interventions should the nurse include in this teaching? Select all that apply.

-Avoid over-the-counter antihistamines. -Avoid caffeinated beverages. -Do not take fluids after 8 pm.

The sister of a 25-year-old female client has breast cancer, and genetic testing showed her to have the BRCA1 gene. The client asks the nurse how she can prevent developing breast cancer herself. Which prophylactic interventions might be considered in this situation? Select all that apply.

-Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -Bilateral mastectomy -Bilateral oophorectomy

The nurse is assessing a client with vulvodynia. What does the nurse expect to find when assessing the client? Select all that apply.

-Chronic pain -Vulvar irritation

As men age the reproductive system undergoes degenerative changes. The declining physiologic efficiency of the male reproductive function is also affected. The nurse understands that which systems are involved? Select all that apply.

-Circulatory -Endocrine -Neuromuscular

Which woman will the nurse encourage to have annual Papanicolaou (Pap) smears? Select all that apply.

-Client age 63, postmenopausal for 10 years -Client age 44, has multiple sexual partners -Client age 27, history of human papillomavirus (HPV)

A male diagnosed with gonorrhea will likely complain of which clinical manifestations? Select all that apply.

-Creamy, yellow discharge -Pain in the urethra with urination

What are the central nervous symptoms associated with tertiary stage syphilis? Select all that apply.

-Dementia -Blindness -Ataxia

Which symptoms are believed to have a strong association with ovarian cancer? Select all that apply.

-Difficulty eating -Bloating -Abdominal or pelvic pain

A 33-year-old client has sought care because her premenstrual symptoms have been having a negative effect on her quality of life, to the extent that she describes herself as being "unable to function" for several days each month. Which interventions are known to benefit this client's condition? Select all that apply.

-Diuretic medications -Reduction in sugar intake -Regular exercise, as tolerated

During menopause, the nurse should anticipate which hormones will be elevated? Select all that apply.

-FSH -LH -androstenedione

What risk factors for breast cancer should a health care provider teach his or her clients? Select all that apply.

-Family history -Obesity -Increasing age

While explaining to a client undergoing chemotherapy the effect the medications have on bone marrow cells, the nurse mentions that bone marrow stem cells have been shown to not only generate blood cells but also which other type of cells? Select all that apply.

-Fat cells -Cartilage cells -Bone cells -Muscle cells

The nurse is teaching the client about risk factors for cervical cancer. What will be included in the plan of care? Select all that apply.

-First intercourse at an early age -Multiple sexual partners -Smoking -History of sexually transmitted infections

The nurse is assessing a 24-year-old client who states that she has infrequent menstrual periods that are approximately 40 to 42 days apart. She also states, "My periods are really light. It's almost like I hardly even need to use a pad sometimes." The nurse should document which medical terms associated with this client's menstruation? Select all that apply.

-Hypomenorrhea -Oligomenorrhea

A female client with a recent diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma asks the nurse about treatment options. Which interventions should the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

-Hysterectomy -Myomectomy -Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist

Which assessment finding does the nurse expect in the client with trichomoniasis? Select all that apply.

-Identifying the parasite through microscopic study -Erythema of the vaginal area

Progesterone maintains pregnancy but also has which local effects on the body? Select all that apply.

-Increase in basal body temperature -Increase in secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex -Relaxation of smooth muscle

The nurse performs a complete physical assessment on a client with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Which assessment findings support this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

-Increased dark facial hair -Elevated blood glucose -Obesity

Which clinical manifestations in an aging male client are due to decreased levels of testosterone? Select all that apply.

-Infertility -Decreased testicular size -Decreased sexual energy

Which statements are true regarding priapism? Select all that apply.

-It is not always related to sexual stimulation. -It can be triggered by sickle cell disease. -It can result in ischemia of the erectile tissue of the penis.

What statements are true concerning genital warts? Select all that apply

-It is prevalent in those under 25. -It is most common in those with multiple sexual partners. -It resolves on it's own without treatment.

The parents of a 9-year-old child ask the nurse for information about quadrivalent human papillomavirus recombinant vaccine. Which instructions are appropriate for the nurse to provide? Select all that apply.

-It should be given before the child is sexually active. -It prevents a common cause of cervical cancer. -It can be given to boys and girls.

Primary genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by either the herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2. What are the initial symptoms of primary genital herpes infections? Select all that apply.

-Itching -Genital pain -Small pustules

An examination of the external genitalia of a female would concentrate on which structures? Select all that apply.

-Labia minora -Clitoris

Which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to observe in a female with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? Select all that apply.

-Lower abdominal pain -Elevated C-reactive protein -Purulent cervical discharge

The nurse practitioner is reviewing risk factors for the development of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with a client. Which information is appropriate to include? Select all that apply.

-Multiple sex partners -Previous diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection -Sexual intercourse before the age of 15 years

The nurse is caring for a client with recurrent balanoposthitis. The nurse should teach the client about what possible complications of this condition? Select all that apply.

-Narrowing of the urethra -Penile cancer -Sexual dysfunction

A 14-year-old female client experiences headache and cramping abdominal pain 1 to 2 days before each menstrual period. Which symptoms correlate with a diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea? Select all that apply.

-Nausea -Diarrhea -Fainting

Menopause signals the end of the menstrual cycle. It is caused by the end of ovarian function and the decreased levels of estrogen this brings to the body. What problems can arise from the onset of menopause? Select all that apply.

-Nocturia -Urinary stress incontinence -Vaginitis

Which manifestation will the nurse expect a woman with nonproliferative fibrocystic breast changes to report? Select all that apply.

-Nodular or lumpy breast tissue -Tenderness during the luteal phase

Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast that can occur at any time. What is the treatment for mastitis? Select all that apply.

-Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs -Application of heat or cold

A female client is being evaluated for abdominal pain and unusual menstrual bleeding. What factors in her history will the nurse identify as increasing the risk for endometrial cancer? Select all that apply.

-Obesity -Estrogen therapy -Diabetes mellitus -Polycystic ovary syndrome

A 24-year-old client with a body mass index (BMI) of 35 has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is exploring treatment options. What treatment options should the nurse share with the client? Select all that apply.

-Oral contraceptives -A calorie-reduced diet -Biguanide medication

Which interventions would the nurse expect to perform for a client with primary dysmenorrhea? Select all that apply.

-Oral contraceptives -Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Which collection sites should be used for sampling to accurately diagnose gonorrhea? Select all that apply.

-Oropharynx -Urethra -Anal canal

Long-term effects of estrogen deprivation include which of the following? Select all that apply.

-Osteoporosis -Increased risk for cardiovascular disease -Bone resorption at a faster rate than bone formation

The nurse is teaching a class to adolescent girls about puberty. Which health information is accurate for inclusion in the class? Select all that apply.

-Ovaries produce hormones that cause growth of reproductive organs. -Estrogen stimulates bone growth and closure of growth plates. -Ovulation usually occurs in the middle of the monthly cycle.

A female client is planning to have a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The client wants to know what the function of the ovaries are and why they are so important. Which data should the nurse provide? Select all that apply.

-Ovaries store the female germ cells. -Ovaries produce estrogen. -Ovaries produce progesterone.

When assessing the client with chronic inflammatory bacterial prostatitis, the nurse recognizes which findings are typically present? Select all that apply.

-Painful urination -Frequency of urination -Low back pain -Bacteriuria

A college student presents to the nurse's office complaining of premenstrual syndrome. Which clinical manifestations would confirm this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

-Painful, edematous breasts -Abdominal bloating

The nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client with the diagnosis of primary polycythemia. The nurse anticipates which clinical findings? Select all that apply.

-Plethoric appearance of the lips -Hypertension -Itching -Pain in fingers

A client has been diagnosed with endometriosis. What assessment finding does the nurse expect? Select all that apply.

-Premenstrual pain -Back pain -Pelvic pain

Vaginal infections can occur in young girls prior to menarche. What are some of the causes of vaginal infections in premenarchal girls? Select all that apply.

-Presence of foreign bodies -Intestinal parasites -Poor hygiene

Which statements regarding prostate cancer are true? Select all that apply.

-Prognosis has improved because of PSA diagnostic screenings. -Black males are at highest risk for developing the disease. -Age is a risk factor of this cancer.

The nurse is caring for a client with active canchroid lesions. What should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.

-Protect the client from contact with lesion exudate. -Assess for lymphadenopathy. -Use contact precaution isolation. -Administer analgesics.

Which benefits are found from the secretions of the columnar epithelium of the endocervix? Select all that apply.

-Protect the uterus from infection -Alter receptivity to sperm -Form a mucous plug during pregnancy

A female client tells the nurse she felt a lump in her breast during her last self-breast exam. Which additional manifestations of the lump correspond to a diagnosis of cancer? Select all that apply.

-Puckering -Nipple retraction -Discharge

The public health nurse is presenting a program on the prevalence of STIs. Which information should be included in the presentation? Select all that apply.

-STIs may be asymptomatic. -Drugs can manage infections but do not control the spread.

A client presents with copious, frothy, malodorous green/yellow vaginal discharge. A diagnosis of Trichomoniasis is made. The client tells the nurse that she has not been sexually active and is concerned. Select the possible modes of transmission. Select all that apply.

-Sexual contact -Fomites -Swimming pools -Hot tubs

A older female client has developed some central nervous system symptoms not usually common in her family history. After months of no improvement, the provider ordered blood panels that returned as positive for syphilis. Having been married for decades, the provider suspects tertiary syphilis based on which finding(s)? Select all that apply.

-Slowly progressing dementia -Gradual loss of sight -Lack of voluntary coordination resulting in gait abnormality

A nurse is examining an aging male. Which of the following would the nurse recognize as normal changes due to age? Select all that apply.

-Small testes -Enlargement of prostate gland -Decreased penis size

The community health nurse is providing teaching about male health. Which of these should the nurse include in a discussion on common clinical manifestation of early testicular cancer? Select all that apply.

-Small, painless testicular mass -Slight enlargement of the testicles -Heaviness of the scrotum

Specific actions of estrogen include which actions on the body? Select all that apply.

-Stimulate development of vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes -Promote growth of ovarian follicles

The nursing students are studying about male hormones and their reproductive function. Which hormones should they identify as the male sex hormones that are secreted by the testes? Check all that apply.

-Testosterone -Dihydrotestosterone -Androstenedione

A 40-year-old male client with multiple health problems has been diagnosed with a testosterone deficiency. Which assessment findings should his care provider attribute to this deficiency? Select all that apply.

-The client states that his energy levels are low. -The client describes himself as being "much sadder than normal." -The client has a low muscle mass as a proportion of total body weight.

A female client, age 35, reports finding a firm rubbery mass in her breast. Which additional findings will support the diagnosis of fibroadenoma? Select all that apply.

-The mass is round. -The mass changes size with menses. -The mass is freely movable.

An older female client is diagnosed with uterine prolapse. Which factors in her history increase her risk for this condition? Select all that apply.

-Three living children -Diabetic neuropathy -Colon cancer

A nurse is performing a history and physical on an older adult woman who is diagnosed with endometrial cancer. Which factors increase the risk of developing this condition? Select all that apply.

-Unopposed estrogen therapy to control hot flashes -Body mass index (BMI) of 30

Which symptoms would a nurse assess in a male client with gonorrhea? Select all that apply.

-Urethral pain -Creamy, yellow discharge -Bloody discharge

The nurse is reviewing the history of an older adult female client who was recently diagnosed with coronary heart disease. What factors are known to contribute to this condition? Select all that apply.

-Used hormone therapy for 5 years -Smoked 1 pack/day for 20 years -Has hypertension for 15 years

The client is diagnosed with vaginitis. What will the nurse assess? Select all that apply.

-Vaginal discharge -Burning and itching -Inflammation of the vagina -Pain with urination

When discussing male hormones and their effects, the instructor tells the class that there is much publicity about the use of androgens to enhance athletic ability. What does the instructor tell the class are some effects from taking these supplements? Select all that apply.

-acne -decreased testicular size -azoospermia -breast enlargement

A male client seeks treatment for erectile dysfunction. What factors contribute to this condition? Select all that apply.

-age 65 years -cardiovascular disease -antihypertensive medications

A pregnant teenager has arrived at a free clinic seeking care. She has had no prenatal care and is currently at 27 weeks' gestation. Upon testing for a sexually transmitted infection (STI), it is found that she has active T. pallidum (syphilis). Given the fact that she has active syphilis at this stage in pregnancy, it is very likely the fetus is at risk for:

-being born prematurely. -congenital defects.

A client who has a strong family history of prostate cancer asks the nurse if there are any dietary modifications to decrease his risk factors. The nurse's most appropriate response would be:

-consumption of green tea -Vitamin D and E supplementation -Increasing tomato-rich products

A client is admitted with primary hypogonadism. The nurse understands that the diagnosis of primary hypogonadism refers to which of the following? Select all that apply.

-decrease in testicular function -originates in the testes -subfertility or infertility

Which chronic health issues increase a man's risk for developing erectile dysfunction? Select all that apply.

-hypertension -Hyperlipidemia -Diabetes mellitus

The nurse knows that which structures are a part of the male reproductive system? Select all that apply.

-prostate gland -pair of gonads -seminiferous tubules

In hypospadias, the treatment of choice is surgery to repair the defect. What influences the timing of the surgical repair? Select all that apply.

-psychological effects on the child -anesthetic risk -penile size

An asymptomatic client who is worried about developing breast cancer due to the fact that it runs in her family asks the nurse if she could have a mammogram to see if she has any lumps. The nurse informs the client that a tumor usually is undetectable until it has doubled 30 times and contains more than 1 billion cells. This means that at this point it measures approximately which size?

1 cm

Which female client is at risk for amenorrhea?

18-year-old with anorexia nervosa

The nurse is discussing prenatal care with a female who is pregnant with her first child. The mother would like to know what milestones the fetus will have in utero. The nurse explains that if it is a girl, the ovaries will have fully developed and descended at what point?

3 months

A client has experienced an acute inflammatory response with an elevation of white blood cells. The nurse is reviewing the client's most recent lab results to determine if the counts have returned to a normal range. Select the result that suggests the client is now within normal range.

4000 to 10,000 cells/μL

The nurse is providing teaching about benign prostatic hyperplasia to a client who would like medication to avoid surgery. Which drug category is primarily prescribed to reduce prostate size by blocking the effects of androgens?

5 alpha-reductase inhibitors

After inoculation with HPV, genital warts may begin to grow. They usually manifest as soft, raised fleshy lesions on the external genitalia of either male or female. What is the incubation period for HPV-induced genital warts?

6 weeks to 8 months

Within how many days it is important to test anyone who has had sex with an individual who tests positive for gonorrhea?

60

It is important to test anyone who has had sex with an individual tests positive for gonorrhea within how many days of the diagnosis?

60 days

Which client is at greatest risk for the impairment of spermatogenesis?

A 15-year-old male who is diagnosed with mumps orchitis

The client has a Bartholin cyst that has developed into an abscess. The nurse explains to the client the plan of care, including which treatments?

A catheter may be inserted to drain the cyst for several weeks.

Which client is most likely to experience impaired (slow) wound healing?

A client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and a history of poor blood sugar control

A 32-year-old is being treated for an abnormal menstrual cycle with excessive bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, and fertility problems. Which is a possible cause of these symptoms?

A granulosa cell tumor

What will the nurse assess in a client diagnosed with Paget disease as a cause of breast cancer?

A lesion of the nipple on the affected breast

The nurse suspects which female client may be at risk for infertility?

A long distance runner

A nurse is assessing a male who is reporting nonspecific symptoms of prostate and periurethral gland pain. Which characteristic discharge makes the nurse suspect gonorrhea?

Purulent exudates

Priapism (a prolonged painful erection not associated with sexual excitement) can occur at any age. In boys, ages 5 to 10, what are the most common causes of priapism?

Sickle cell disease or neoplasms

What should the nurse do when a woman who stopped breast-feeding her infant 3 months ago complains of occasional milk leakage from her breasts?

Advise the woman that this is a normal occurrence after stopping breast-feeding

The causes of infertility can be in either the male or the female. Male tests for infertility require a specimen of ejaculate that is collected when?

After 3 days of abstinence

The nurse is screening clients for risk factors associated with ovarian cancer. Which client has the greatest risk of developing ovarian cancer?

Age 55, no children, postmenopausal, two sisters with breast cancer BRCA1 positive

The nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with testicular cancer. The nurse evaluates the medical record for which of these diagnostic tests, typically altered in this type of malignancy?

Alpha fetoprotein test

The nurse is reinforcing information given to the client who is asking about screening for prostrate cancer. Which of these will be nurse teach the client about the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test?

An elevated score on a PSA test does not necessarily indicate the presence of cancer.

Which client is at highest risk for developing acute bacterial prostatitis?

An older adult male diagnosed with frequent urinary tract infections testing positive for Gram-negative rods

The male reproductive system undergoes changes as aging occurs. What is the term used to describe a relative or absolute hypogonadism associated with aging?

Andropause

A 50-year-old female client reports menorrhagia with no cramping. Which medical condition is a likely cause of these symptoms?

Anovulatory cycle

In the early stages of fetal development, male and female reproductive organ development is undifferentiated. The nursing student understands that in the differentiation between male and female certain hormones are secreted and the testicular cells of the male embryo begin producing which hormone?

Anti-Müllerian hormone and testosterone

While breast-feeding her 3-month-old infant, the mother notices the breast area is hard, inflamed, and tender to touch. The clinic nurse explains that this is likely caused by:

Ascending bacterial infection

A 46-year-old male client comes to the clinic after receiving a positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test following a blood test for life insurance screening. Which action should the nurse take next?

Ask the client about past treatment for syphilis.

In assessing a client, the nurse notes a grayish discharge from the vaginal area accompanied by a foul odor. What is the nurse's best action?

Asking about other symptoms

The nurse is teaching an all-male class at a local middle school about reproduction. Which time frame should the nurse tell the students that spermatogenesis begins and ends?

At about 13 years and throughout the reproductive years

A nurse is attempting to culture a lesion to determine if a client has genital herpes. What is the nurse's best action?

Attempt to culture a lesion as soon as it develops.

A male client has experienced a forceful hit to the testes. The nurse expects that the sensory nerves that transmit pain impulses are associated with which nervous system?

Autonomic nervous system

A woman of child-bearing age asks the nurse about a natural method to avoid pregnancy. What is an appropriate response?

Avoid sex when cervical mucus is most stretchy.

The nurse is speaking with a couple at the fertility clinic about ways to increase sperm counts. Which topic does the nurse include in the discussion?

Avoid tight undergarments

A male client reports frequent urination, difficulty starting to urinate, and dribbling after he has finished urinating. Which diagnosis correlates with this client's manifestations?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

The environment of the vagina is moist with a pH 4.0 to 4.5. The major purpose of the acidic environment is:

Bacteriostatic

A 55-year-old man presents with whitish plaques on the surface of the glans penis and prepuce. His foreskin is fibrous and unretractable. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Balanitis xerotica obliterans

A 60-year-old male client is informed by the health care provider that he has an overgrowth of mucosal glands of the prostate. Based solely on this finding, what diagnosis will the provider likely document in the health record?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A sexually active female presents to the clinic with white copious vaginal discharge, itch, swelling, and dysuria. The nurse anticipates the client will be treated for the overgrowth of which organism?

Candida albicans

An overweight 50-year-old client presents with reports of erectile dysfunction (ED). What aspect of the client's health should the nurse prioritize as most important to assess?

Cardiovascular

A female client is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) following unprotected sexual intercourse. The nurse prepares to teach the client about the risk of developing which cancer?

Cervical

There are many cancers of the female reproductive system. The nursing student knows that the most readily detected and most easily cured cancer—if detected early—is:

Cervical

What is the most common cause of recurrent urinary tract infections in males?

Chronic bacterial prostatitis

The mother requests that a circumcision be performed on a newborn with hypospadias. Which information related to treatment of hypospadias should the nurse convey?

Circumcision is avoided as the foreskin will be used to repair the urinary opening.

Which female client is exhibiting signs of untreated polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?

Client age 34, states excess body hair and menstrual cycles are irregular

When caring for a group of clients, the nurse recognizes which of these individuals has increased risk for balanitis?

Client with a sexually transmitted infection

A nurse is conducting a healthy living workshop for a group of women in their 20s. Which screening recommendation should the nurse provide to the participants of this age group?

Clinical breast examination every 3 years until age 40

A nurse is performing a genital examination on a 25-year-old male client. The nurse notes pigmented, wrinkled scrotal skin. Based on this information, what should the nurse do next?

Consider this a normal finding and proceed with the examination.

The vulva area is especially prone to skin infections. The nurse knows that this occurs because of:

Constant exposure to secretions and moisture

A 6-month-old infant has bilateral fully descended testicles and hypospadias with chordee present. How does the nurse explain the purpose of surgical repair for this condition?

Construct a urethral meatus at the tip of the glans and straighten the penis.

A client arrives in the emergency department complaining of severe pain in the left testicular area with nausea and vomiting for 2 hours. The left testicle is large and tender to palpation and radiating to the inguinal area. Which of the following reflexes can the nurse assess the absenceof in order to indicate testicular torsion?

Cremasteric reflex

The nurse is teaching a male client about testicular cancer. Which risk factor does the nurse discuss as a major one for testicular cancer?

Cryptorchidism

A 45-year-old client reports "needing to bear down with urination," frequency, and occasional loss of urine when coughing. Based on symptoms, which diagnosis is most appropriate for this client?

Cystocele

The nursing student is studying male reproductive disorders. The student understands that tertiary hypogonadism occurs due to which dysfunction of the endocrine system?

Decreased or absent growth releasing hormone secretion from the hypothalamus

An older adult client may be experiencing symptoms of tertiary syphilis. Which characteristic would the nurse associate with tertiary syphilis years after the initial infection?

Dementia

A client asks the nurse what can cause, or contributes to the development of, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The best response would be:

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) proliferates the growth of prostatic stromal cells, leading to a reduction in the death of the epithelial cells.

While in its dormant state, what structure provides residence for herpes simplex virus to allow for replication?

Dorsal root ganglia

What is the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's recommended treatment for a chlamydial infection in men?

Doxycycline

A female client reports a grayish-green nipple discharge in one breast. Which additional manifestation corresponds with a diagnosis of ductal ectasia?

Ductal inflammation with thickening

A client has been diagnosed with an anterior pituitary tumor. Synthesis and release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) has become deranged. What are the potential consequences of this alteration in endocrine function?

Dysfunction of spermatogenesis

A female client is experiencing infertility. Which laboratory result would indicate the problem originates in the ovaries?

Elevated FSH

The nurse working in a fertility clinic is assessing a client's risk for fallopian tube obstruction. Which disorder places the woman at greatest risk for fallopian tube obstruction?

Endometriosis

A adolescent asks the nurse if there is anything that would greatly increase her risk of acquiring herpes simplex virus (HSV). Which response would be the most accurate for the nurse to reply?

Engaging in oral-genital sex

Which adverse event is an undesirable effect of supraphysiologic doses of androgens?

Enlarged breasts

A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic and has been found to have a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The manifestations of these diseases will warrant the nurse to assess the client for which problem?

Erectile dysfunction

The ovarian follicle becomes luteinized once ovulation has taken place. As the corpus luteum, the now empty follicle produces what?

Estrogen and progesterone

Which hormone replacement therapy was traditionally prescribed for a postmenopausal woman diagnosed with an intact uterus?

Estrogen and progesterone therapy

How often do most women in the middle reproductive years menstruate?

Every 28 to 30 days

Which female client is most likely to experience vaginal atrophy, dyspareunia, and occasional vaginal bleeding?

Female age 67, maturation index of 70-30-0

A female client informs the nurse that she had intercourse yesterday evening and is wondering if she could become pregnant. She asks the nurse where the fertilization (implantation) currently would be located if she was indeed pregnant. What should the nurse tell the client?

Fertilization normally occurs in the middle to outer portion of the Fallopian tube.

When caring for a client during the proliferative phase of wound healing, the nurse teaches the client that which of these processes is taking place?

Fibroblasts secrete collagen for wound healing.

A client is being treated for a pressure ulcer and the care team has observed that the wound is healing. Which activity will take place during the proliferative phase?

Fibroblasts secrete the cells necessary for wound healing

The fallopian tubes are narrow tubes that attach bilaterally to the uterus. Within the fallopian tube, fertilization of the ovum takes place. The end of the fallopian tube nearest the ovary is funnel-like. What are the fringed, finger-like projections around the funnel-shaped opening of the fallopian tube called?

Fimbriae

An older adult client has been diagnosed with prostate cancer. The client's history includes heart failure with an ejection fraction of 20% and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to smoking. Thus, the client is not a candidate for major surgery. Which treatments should the nurse anticipate being utilized for this client?

Focal irradiation with transperineal implation of radioisotopes

The male reproductive system is controlled by the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gonadotropic hormones regulated by a negative feedback loop. What gonadotropic hormones regulate control of the male reproductive system?

Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

The nursing students are studying about testosterone and androgens and the role they play in the male. The student correctly identifies which scenario to be a situation where hormone replacement is recommended?

For aging men with low androgen levels

A client has just become pregnant and there is a consequent increase in secretions from the columnar epithelium of her endocervix. What effect will this have?

Formation of a mucoid plug to protect her uterus

A client is diagnosed with chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis. Which assessment finding would be present to confirm this diagnosis?

Four episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis (confirmed symptoms) so far this year

A woman with a regular 28-day menstrual cycle wishes to become pregnant. At which point in the menstrual cycle is the optimal time for intercourse to end in fertilization of the ovum?

Fourteenth day after menses begins

A nurse is describing the menstrual cycle to a client and is explaining the changes that occur each month. During a normal menstrual cycle, which layer is sloughed off?

Functional layer

What is the term for the condition that involves dyspareunia and widespread vaginal burning in the absence of bacterial presence?

Generalized vulvodynia

A 22-year-old female client states she has vaginal itching with pain and small vesicles that appear on the vagina when she is stressed. The health care provider suspects the client most likely is experiencing which condition?

Genital herpes

The nurse is teaching a health class to a group of adolescents. Which cell develops into sperm?

Germ cells

A nursing student is cleaning a client's sacral pressure injury by vigorously scrubbing the wound bed to remove all of the beefy, red tissue that existed there. What type of tissue did the student most likely removed?

Granulation tissue

Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal infection seen by health care providers. What is the predominant symptom of bacterial vaginosis?

Grayish white discharge with a fishy odor

Tertiary syphilis is a delayed response of untreated primary syphilis and can occur as late as 20 years after the primary disease. When tertiary syphilis progresses to a symptomatic stage, it can produce localized necrotic lesions. What are these lesions called?

Gummas

When educating a teenager diagnosed with genital herpes (herpes simplex virus type 2, HSV-2), the health care provider needs to inform the teen of the importance of careful follow-up to prevent future development of which complication?

HIV transmission

A school nurse is providing an informational session about the prevention of cervical cancer in young girls and women. The most important information for the nurse to present would be:

HPV vaccine before becoming sexually active

A female client is admitted for lesions on her vulva, which has become infected. The nurse understands that diseases of the external genitalia are similar to which other lesions elsewhere in the body?

Hair-bearing skin

When performing a rectal examination of an older adult male client, the nurse practitioner recognizes that the prostate of a client who has prostate cancer is often described in which way?

Hard and irregular

An adult client had bilateral orchiectomy (testicular removal) due to cancer. What will be the primary effect of the disruption in testosterone synthesis?

He will likely experience an overall reduction in muscle mass.

In the vascular phase of acute inflammation, initial vasoconstriction is followed rapidly by which assessment finding?

Heat and redness

A client comes to the clinic and informs the nurse that he was playing soccer and was kicked in the scrotal area on the right side. The nurse observes that the scrotal skin on the right side is dark red. What should the nurse suspect this client may have?

Hematocele

The nurse is assessing a client with a collection of blood in the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum. How does the nurse correctly document this in the medical record?

Hematocele

The client is an average-sized adult and has abnormal microcytic hypochromic red blood cells due to a long-term, chronic disease. Which complete blood count (CBC) result is characteristic of this type of anemia?

Hemoglobin 7.8 g/dL (78 g/L)

A nurse educator is describing the changes in cervical mucus as they related to changes in hormone levels. Long, stretchy cervical mucus that exhibits ferning on a microscope slide is characteristic of which hormonal change?

High estrogen levels.

A female client presents at an STD clinic. She is in the first trimester of pregnancy and has tested positive for gonorrhea. Because strains of N. gonorrhoeae have become resistant to penicillin, the current treatment recommendation includes:

High-dose cefixime given in a single dose

When educating a group of teenagers about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the school nurse also mentions that cervical cancer has been associated with which viral infection?

Human papillomavirus

A 22-year-old client has presented to the primary health care provider for an annual Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Which infection will give abnormal results of this diagnostic test?

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

There are two types of vulvar cancer. One type is found in older women, and one type is found in younger women, generally less than 40 years of age. The type found in younger women is thought to be caused by:

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Which factor in a client's history is most likely related to the diagnosis of cervical squamous dysplasia?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

The mother of a 5-year-old boy brings him into the clinic because there is a firm feeling and swelling around one of his testes. What would the suspected diagnosis be?

Hydrocele

A couple is undergoing initial testing to determine why they are unable to conceive. One of the tests shows that the man has a testosterone level of 198.8 ng/dL (6.9 nmol/L). The man reports being tired all the time. The woman is completely healthy. Which problem is most likely?

Hypogonadism

The nurse assesses the client upon admission to the hospital. He states that he has been losing facial and body hair, has been fatigued and depressed, and has erectile dysfunction and a decreased libido. The nurse understands these symptoms to occur with which disorder?

Hypogonadism

The nurse in the urology clinic is reviewing the chart of a client with erectile dysfunction. Which factor in the client's history does the nurse recognize is a hormone-based condition that may contribute to erectile dysfunction?

Hypogonadism

The nurse is performing a newborn assessment on a 2-day-old male infant. Assessment reveals the presence of the urethral opening on the ventral side of the penis. The nurse would document this finding as being:

Hypospadias

A client calls the clinic and informs the nurse that he has sustained an erection for 3 hours and that it is extremely painful. The client has a history of sickle cell disease and this has not happened to him in the past. Which instruction should the nurse give to the client?

If the client does not seek medical attention, impotence may result.

The nurse in an evidence-based practice meeting notes that data from clinical trials from the Women's Health Initiative demonstrated that use of calcium and vitamin D could be beneficial to postmenopausal women related to which focus?

Improved hip bone density

A 15-year-old male client reports severe pain in the inguinal area and nausea. What action does the nurse take first?

Inspect the client's genitalia.

An 18-year-old woman presents at the clinic complaining of new-onset breakthrough bleeding, even though she is taking contraceptives. What contraceptive use, along with new-onset breakthrough bleeding, has been associated with pelvic inflammatory disease?

Intrauterine device

Which disorder of the male genitourinary system creates the most urgent need for prompt and aggressive surgical treatment?

Intravaginal testicular torsion

A client reporting low abdominal pain, purulent cervical discharge, and painful intercourse is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The provider educates the client about this disease mentioning which statement?

Is a polymicrobial infection of the upper reproductive tract

Ejaculation represents expulsion of sperm from the urethra. The nurse understands that which muscles are involved in this process?

Ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles at the base of the penis

The nurse is completing client education on the use of a combination oral contraceptive pill (OCP) to a woman with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The nurse should include which content in the educational packet?

It contains estrogen and progesterone.

The community health nurse is conducting a men's health class. Which of these does the nurse relate as the major role of the prostate?

It increases sperm motility.

The nurse is caring for a client who has just given birth to a premature neonate with cryptorchidism. What information does the nurse provide to the client?

It is likely the testes will descend by the age of 2 months.

Which assessment finding is most clearly suggestive of initial genital herpes (herpes simplex virus, HSV) in a male client?

Itching, pain, and the emergence of pustules on the penis

The nurse is caring for a client with an elevated level of unconjugated bilirubin, due to hemolysis of red blood cells. Which assessment finding correlates with this abnormal laboratory result?

Jaundice

What would be the expected laboratory finding that supports a diagnosis of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism?

Low levels of testosterone and a high level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

The endocrine system plays an essential role in promoting spermatogenic activity in the testes. Which gonadotropic hormone regulates the production of testosterone?

Luteinizing hormone

A male client presents at the clinic with flulike symptoms and reports a weight loss of 10 pounds without trying. On physical examination, the client is found to have splenomegaly and large, tender, fluctuant inguinal lymph nodes. While taking the nursing history, it is discovered that the client prefers male sexual partners, and that 2 weeks ago the client had small, painless papules. What disease would the nurse suspect the client has?

Lymphogranuloma venereum

For which STI should the nurse anticipate a prescription for antibiotics such as erythromycin or doxycycline since this infection will respond to antibiotic treatment?

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

As the sperm mature and are preparing for fertilization, what length of time are sperm able to survive in the male genital tract?

Many weeks

A woman reports to the primary healthcare provider that she experiences monthly changes before her menstrual cycle. Which statement demonstrates understanding of premenstrual disorders?

Many women report premenstrual emotional or physical changes.

A 12-year-old girl is experiencing an increase in her FSH and LH levels. This rise in hormone levels will have which effect on her reproductive system?

Maturation of her follicles

The ovaries have a dual function. The nurse is able to explain to the client that any problems with the ovaries frequently cause which problem?

Menstrual and fertility problems

Polycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder and a common cause of chronic anovulation. In addition to the clinical manifestations of PCOS, long-term health problems, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, have been linked to PCOS. What drug has emerged as an important part of PCOS treatment?

Metformin

A young woman presents with vaginal itching and irritation of recent onset. Her labia are swollen, and she has a frothy yellowish discharge with an unpleasant smell and a pH of 6.8. She has been celibate during the last 6 months and has been taking antibiotics for a throat infection. Which medication is most likely to clear her symptoms?

Metronidazole

A woman diagnosed with fibrocystic breast disease asks, "What treatments are available?" The most important information to share about treating symptoms include which intervention?

Mild analgesics like acetaminophen

A client is diagnosed with vulvar carcinoma, which appears as an inconspicuous thickening of the skin resembling eczema or dermatitis and may produce few symptoms other than pruritus, local discomfort, and exudation. The nurse understands that the cancer metastasizes readily through which mode?

Multiple lymph channels

Which physiologic process results from the synthesis and release of testosterone?

Musculoskeletal growth

A 20-year-old female has come to the clinic complaining of severe menstrual cramps. The clinic nurse practitioner knows that dysmenorrhea occurs when which muscle group contracts?

Myometrium

The nurse is assisting a female client in labor. The nurse understands that which anatomical structure is involved in producing the severe contractions the client is experiencing?

Myometrium

An male client presents with urethral itching, burning, pain, and a creamy, yellow discharge following unprotected sex with a new partner 3 days ago. The nurse anticipates the client to be diagnosed with which sexually transmitted infection?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

While discussing the physiologic process behind penile erection, the anatomy and physiology instructor mentions that what substance is released to facilitate smooth muscle relaxation and shunting of blood into the sinusoids?

Nitric oxide

A newly pregnant woman reports to the nurse that her breasts are excessively tender and that her areolae and nipples are becoming darker and more prominent. The nurse should describe which cause of these changes?

Normal changes of pregnancy due to increased levels of estrogen and progesterone

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has non-inflammatory prostatitis. The nurse would expect the results to include:

Normal leukocyte count

A female client is being seen in the ED with complaints of lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia, back pain, purulent cervical discharge, and the presence of adnexal tenderness and painful cervix on bimanual pelvic examination. The nurse suspects the client has pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and will assess the client for:

Number of sexual partners

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder. The nurse understands that about 50% of the women who are diagnosed with PCOS have which problem?

Obesity

Which of these complications does the nurse recognize may occur after illness with parotitis (mumps) in young men?

Orchitis with residual sterility

A client is concerned about having mumps orchitis and asks the nurse about the symptoms. What is the nurse's best response?

Painful enlargement of the testes with fever 3 days after infection

A 30-year-old male has contracted an STI caused by Treponema pallidum. Which symptom did he most likely notice first?

Painless chancres on the man's scrotum

Sperm production by the testes is optimal at 2°C to 3°C below body temperature. Two systems of the body maintain the temperature of the testes at a level that allows sperm production. What is the system that assists in maintaining the testes at a temperature that allows sperm production?

Pampiniform plexus

Temperature regulation of the testes is maintained by which structure?

Pampiniform plexus and cremaster muscles

The nurse inserts a Foley catheter in an uncircumcised male client for the treatment of urinary retention and does not place the foreskin back over the glans penis. Several hours later, the client complains of severe pain at the catheter site and, when assessed, the nurse is unable to retract the foreskin. Which problem does the nurse know has occurred?

Paraphimosis

The parents of a newborn boy have decided against circumcision. The nurse emphasizes that, as the child grows, the mother must properly cleanse the area beneath the foreskin and to return the foreskin to the original position to prevent:

Paraphimosis

Which system causes the urethral and bulbourethral glands to secrete mucus to aid in lubrication for sexual activity?

Parasympathetic system

A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child who has undergone corrective surgery for cryptorchidism. The most important information for the nurse to provide is:

Parents should be taught that their child needs frequent follow-up visits.

The nurse is caring for a client who had a recent miscarriage. Which past history could be the cause of this recent failed pregnancy?

Past infection with chlamydia

As women age they tend to lack support of breast tissue. The nurse understands that development of which muscles supports the breast mass higher on the chest wall?

Pectoralis muscles

Endometriosis is characterized by painful hemorrhagic lesions in the pelvis, which may develop into which potential complication?

Pelvic adhesions

A female client has an ectopic pregnancy. Which factors in the client's history could contribute to the condition? Select all that apply.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Smokes one pack per day

A client with herpes simplex virus (HSV) states, "I can stop taking my drugs because I'm cured. My lesions are gone." Knowing the pathophysiology behind the disappearance of HSV symptoms, the health care provider suspects the client is experiencing which phase of infection?

Periods of latency in the nervous system

A 75-year-old man presents at the clinic complaining of pain during intercourse and an upward bowing of his penis during erection. The client's history mentions an inflammation of the penis that was treated 3 months ago. The physician's physical examination of the client notes beads of scar tissue along the dorsal midline of the penile shaft. What would be the suspected diagnosis of this client?

Peyronie disease

Physical assessment data of a client include verbalizations of painful and bent erections and the presence of a hard mass. How would the health care provider interpret and record this finding?

Peyronie disease

A 12-year-old boy with pain in the tip of his penis and a red, swollen, tender foreskin is uncircumcised because of religious reasons. Which medical diagnosis is likely responsible for this child's manifestations?

Phimosis

The provider is assessing a client with a history of erectile dysfunction (ED) who is requesting a prescription for treatment. When assessing for additional information related to causes of ED, which information should the provider solicit from the client?

Presence of arterial occlusive disease

A client in the urology clinic asks the nurse how the doctor will determine if his prostate lesion is due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer. Which response should the nurse convey?

Presence of cancers are determined through a biopsy.

The nurse caring for a postoperative client documents that the surgical incision is healing by:

Primary intention

The nurse is assessing the wound of a postoperative client. The client has a 6-inch abdominal wound that is well approximated and closed with surgical suture. The wound does not display any redness or drainage. The nurse would document the healing process as:

Primary intention

A male adolescent asks the health care provider, "What function do the testes play in my body?" Which response would be the most accurate?

Production of androgens and spermatozoa

A client asks the nurse what hormone is responsible for temperature elevation that occurs with ovulation. The best response would be:

Progesterone

The nurse is caring for a pregnant client who is experiencing morning sickness. The nurse understands that which of the following is responsible for many of the common discomforts of pregnancy?

Progesterone

Which hormone is responsible for breast development and the increase in body temperature that occurs with ovulation?

Progesterone

The nurse is caring for a female client who has just given birth. The nurse knows that the hormone responsible for the client's ability to breast-feed is:

Prolactin

Which physiologic process is caused by estrogens?

Promotion of ovarian follicle growth

The fluid from both the vas deferens and the vagina are acidic. The alkaline secretions that allow mobilization of sperm come from the:

Prostate

In the aging male, testosterone replacement may be used to improve muscle strength and vigor. The nurse would question the use of testosterone before which type of screening in this client?

Prostate cancer screening

Spermatozoa are mobile in environments with a pH of 6.0-6.5. The nurse knows that secretions from which accessory organ help to neutralize the strongly acidic vaginal secretions?

Prostate gland

The nurse is teaching a high school student about male sexual function. Which organ contains the muscle that promotes semen expulsion during ejaculation?

Prostate gland

A nurse is evaluating diagnostic tests for a client suspected of having prostate cancer. Which result requires further evaluation?

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 12 ng/mL (12 µg/L)

A nurse who works on a urology-gynecology ward of a hospital is coming on shift and will be caring for a 34-year-old woman who has been admitted overnight for the treatment of endometriosis. Which interventions should the nurse most realistically anticipate providing over the course of the shift and the next several days?

Providing pain control; preparing the client for a laparoscopic procedure or hysterectomy

A 52-year-old male diagnosed with erectile dysfunction (ED) asks the nurse what will be implemented as a first option for treatment. The best response would be:

Psychosexual counseling and PDE-5 inhibitor medications

The lactating mother of a 3-month-old infant reports to the nurse that she experiences milk leakage if she hears the child cry when it has been more than 2 hours since the last feeding. How should the nurse respond?

Reassure her that this is a normal physiologic response.

A nurse is performing a genital examination on a male client who develops an erection. What is the nurse's most appropriate intervention?

Reassure the client that this is a normal response and continue with the examination

A nurse is performing a genital examination on a male client who develops an erection. Which action is the nurse's most appropriate intervention?

Reassure the client that this is a normal response and continue with the examination

A male client presents to the clinic with profuse, purulent urethral discharge with painful urination. Which information will be most important for the nurse to obtain?

Recent sexual contacts

The nurse is caring for a client with acute superficial balanoposthitis. The nurse assesses for which of these signs or symptoms consistent with the diagnosis?

Redness of the glans penis and malodorous discharge

Sperm production occurs in the seminiferous tubules. The nurse understands the anatomy of the testes and knows that as the tubules lead into the efferent ducts, the seminiferous tubules become which structure?

Rete testis

A nurse is assessing a client for the classic signs of acute inflammation. The nurse would assess the client for:

Rubor, swelling, and pain

The nurse is assigned to care for newborns and assesses a newborn male, 12 hours old. The newborn has right cryptorchidism as documented in the doctor's progress notes and noted by the nurse. Which of the following would the nurse assess for this disorder?

Scrotum

A 23-year-old diagnosed with syphilis presents with palmar rash, sore throat, fever, and a red-brown lesion on the genital area. The symptoms have been present for 3 weeks. Select the stage of syphilis this client is currently in.

Secondary

The nurse caring for a client with syphilis notes the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test result is elevated. Which stage of syphilis is this client likely experiencing?

Secondary

What role do Montgomery tubercles play in breast health?

Secrete a lubricant that keeps the nipple soft and elastic

Select the structure responsible for secreting fructose that will provide energy for spermatic motility.

Seminal vesicles

The school nurse is teaching adolescents about reproduction. Which anatomical location should the nurse teach the students that sperm are produced?

Seminiferous tubules

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Which illness is likely responsible for this diagnosis?

Sepsis

Spermatogenesis, or generation of spermatozoa or sperm, begins at approximately 13 years of age and continues as long as a man remains fertile. It is in the seminiferous tubules that spermatogenesis takes place. The inner lining of the seminiferous tubules is composed of:

Sertoli cells

A young couple informs the health care provider that they have been trying to conceive for the last 4 months. The male states, "I am afraid that I may be sterile because I have read recently that 'briefs' underwear can cause sterility." What would be the nurse's best response to this statement?

Sperm production requires temperatures that are 3° to 4°F (2° to 3°C) below body temperature.

A 42-year-old man reports testicular tenderness. He is concerned also because he found a mass that moves around within the scrotal sack. Upon examination, the physician determines that the mass is near the end of the epididymis, lights up uniformly when illuminated, and is above the testes. Which condition does this client most likely have?

Spermatocele

Which statement is correct regarding spermatogenesis?

Spermatogenesis and sperm maturation takes approximately 90 days.

The nurse conducting a health promotion class for teenage boys on human reproduction determines that the participants are understanding the information when they state:

Spermatogenesis continues throughout a man's reproductive years.

For a woman, what is the most serious long-term outcome of an infection resulting from exposure to the N. gonorrhoeae bacteria?

Sterility

The main actions of testosterone are varied, and many of the biologic effects are well known in the male. The nurse who is familiar with the actions of testosterone will also know about which biologic effect of testosterone?

Stimulates erythropoiesis

The gonads of the female have a dual function. Which of the following is a function of the female gonads?

Storing female germ cells

A newly married female client reports to the nurse at a clinic that her first experience with intercourse was painful. What suggestion will help relieve the discomfort?

Stretch the hymen using lubricating gel on the fingers.

Which factor in the evaluation and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is considered to be the single most important one?

Subjective symptoms reported by the client

A couple who have three daughters would like to add a son to their family, and they have recently learned that the woman is pregnant. Which physiologic phenomenon would most likely be associated with the woman's eventual delivery of a healthy son?

Suppression of female reproductive structures by antimüllerian hormone (AMH)

A client is admitted with acute bacterial prostatitis. The inflammation and infection is so severe the client requires hospitalization and catheterization. What type of urinary catheterization would be recommended in this acute phase of the disorder?

Suprapubic catheter

A client is suspected of having ovarian cancer. The nurse would expect which type of intervention for diagnosis and staging of ovarian cancer?

Surgery

A 69-year-old client presents with urinary urgency and nocturia. After testing he has been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). When describing the etiology and prognosis of BPH, what should the nurse explain to the client?

Surgery can often be avoided if pharmacologic interventions are successful.

The nurse has just completed the admission assessment of a client diagnosed with invasive penile cancer. The most likely plan of treatment will be:

Surgical removal of the affected area

An older adult female has slowly developed dementia and loss of vision. She is being evaluated for nursing home placement. Routine admission blood work reveals that the client tested positive for which STI associated with her current symptoms?

Tertiary syphilis

A child born premature does not have descended testes. The pediatrician has made a note to watch in the coming visits for testicular descension. Which consequence is the most significant concern if the testes do not descend?

Testicular torsion

A client arrives in the emergency department complaining of severe testicular pain associated with nausea and vomiting. His pulse rate is 120 beats/min. Physical exam reveals an enlarged testis that is painful to palpation. The nurse suspects:

Testicular torsion

In the neonatal and pediatric population, there can be many physiologic problems with the male genitourinary system. What is the most common acute scrotal disorder in the pediatric population?

Testicular torsion

A young pregnant mother is told after an ultrasound that the fetus's testes have not descended. What hormone is responsible for the descent of the testes?

Testosterone

The nursing instructor is teaching the class about the male hormone testosterone. Which statement made by a student indicates a need for further instruction?

Testosterone does not affect development of increased musculature during puberty.

What should the nurse administer to a client who was bitten by a stray cat?

Tetanus immunization

A client with polycystic ovaries is being treated with an oral contraceptive medication. Which change in her condition indicates the treatment is effective?

The client begins a regular menstrual cycle.

The nurse is performing urinary catheterization on a 13-year-old girl and notices the girl's hymen is intact. What is the most accurate way to document this finding?

The client exhibits normal findings.

The nurse is discussing the menstrual cycle with a female client. The client asks, "Why does my side hurt halfway through my monthly cycle almost every month? The nurse suspects the cause of the pain may be:

The client has a leakage of blood onto the peritoneal surface after ovulation has occurred.

A client is receiving metronidazole for treatment of trichomoniasis. Which assessment finding presents the most cause for concern?

The client states he drinks three beers a day

Which client does the nurse determine is most likely at risk for cancer of the vagina?

The client who is 61 years of age

Which client will the nurse determine is a candidate for continuous antiviral suppressive therapy for genital herpes?

The client with more than six outbreaks this year

The nurse is assessing the genitalia of a 42-year-old female client diagnosed with a genitourinary disorder. The nurse recognizes that which finding does not describe the normal anatomy of the female genitalia.

The clitoris is located posterior to the urethra.

Leiomyomas are smooth-muscle fibroid tumors that usually develop in which part of the reproductive system?

The corpus of the uterus

The nurse is caring for a 2-day-old newborn infant who appears lethargic and has a yellowish tint to the skin. Select the most likely cause of this newborn's signs and symptoms.

The inability of the immature liver to conjugate bilirubin

In the development of the testes, the nurse understands that which of the following can lead to an inguinal hernia later in life?

The inguinal canal has failed to almost completely close.

A nursing student is studying pathophysiology as part of the nursing curriculum. Which statement made by the student indicates a need for further instruction?

The male testes are located inside the abdominal cavity.

A client with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is assessed according to the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUASI). However, which factor is considered the single most important to assess when evaluating and treating BPH?

The man's own experiences

The nurse is discussing changes in the menstrual cycle associated with aging with a 48-eight-year-old female client. The nurse explains that as women age, which bodily effect will occur?

The menstrual cycle shortens.

The perimetrium reflects over the bladder wall and forms what?

The pouch of Douglas

The nurse is explaining hormonal changes that occur during the normal menstrual cycle to a group of young adults. A female client asks, "When in my cycle will I see my temperature rise?" An appropriate response by the nurse is, "Your temperature will rise slightly:

about 15 days after the start of your period."

An adult client reports persistent vaginal irritation and recurrent infections. In her history the physician notices that she recently has been prescribed antibiotics for a respiratory infection and concludes that it has affected her normal flora by:

causing the vaginal environment to be more alkaline than normal.

A client's presentation and recent sexual history are suggestive of gonorrhea. This suspected diagnosis can best be confirmed by:

culturing a sample of the client's penile discharge.

A male athlete admitted to the emergency room is suspected of abusing androgens. Which physical characteristic would the nurse expect to see if the testosterone has been aromatized to estradiol?

enlarged breast

The prostate gland functions in the elimination of urine. The nurse knows that the prostate gland if enlarged can cause which dysfunction of the urinary system?

obstruction

During a visit to the health care provider, a client complains of swelling in the scrotum. The health care worker suspects a hydrocele and performs an exam by shining a light through the scrotum. If the hydrocele is dense, the health care worker should:

order an ultrasound or biopsy to rule out testicular cancer.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) produce profound effects on the ovaries. What do high levels of estrogen do to FSH and LH?

↑LH and ↓FSH