Unit 7 Retake test

EV3I EV3J Given that the beetle is not exploiting all the resources on the island, which morphological change would most likely to trigger an adaptive radiation of the beetles?

A mouth part that can pierce fruits and seeds

EV3F Which of the following scenarios would most likely cause sympatric speciation to occur?

A mutation that resulted in greed coloration affected female mate choice

EV3E According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium

A new species accumulates most of its unique features as it comes into existence

EV3B EV3C Which conclusion can be drawn from this evolutionary tree?

A single clade (i.e., a group of species that share a common ancestor) can exhibit both gradualism and punctuated equilibrium

EV3I EV3J Upon being formed, oceanic islands, such as the Hawaiian islands, should feature what characteristic, leading to which phenomenon?

A variety of empty ecological niches, leading to adaptive radiation

EV3E Which of these habitats is likely to harbor the most recently diverged species?

A1

EV3E Which of these habitats is likely to harbor the youngest species?

A1

EV3E The Panama Canal was completed in 1914, and its depth is about 50 feet. After 1914 snapping shrimp species from which habitats should be most likely to form hybrids as the result of the canal

A1 and B1

EV3E Which habitats would harbor snapping shrimp species with the greatest degree of genetic divergence from each other?

A5 and B5

EV3F If the two forms were unable to interbreed when their expanding ranges meet, it would be an example of

Allopatric speciation

EV3I EV3J What does the circled part of the phylogenetic tree above indicate?

An adaptive radiation and rapid speciation

EV3I EV3J All of the following events can trigger an adaptive radiation EXCEPT

An unusual event splitting a habitat, such as a severe hurricane

EV3E In which habitat should one find snapping shrimp most closely related to shrimp that live in habitat A4?

B4

EV3B EV3C Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the bones in the wing of a bird?

Bones in the flipper of a whale

EV3F The observation that island D. Yakuba are more closely related to mainland D. yakuba than island D. Yakuba are to D. Santomea is best explained by proposing that D. Santomea

Descended from an original colony of D. Yakuba of which there are no surviving members. The current island D. Yakuba represent a second colonization even from elsewhere.

EV3B EV3C Based on the tabular data and assuming that time advance vertically, which phylogenetic tree is the most likely depiction of the evolutionary relationships among these five species?

E/B/C/D/A

EV3I EV3J Considering this evidence, what statement best explains the reason for such an increase in the number of mammals during this time?

Early mammals were probably restricted in size and diversity because they were eaten and outcompeted by the larger and more diverse dinosaurs. With the extinction of the dinosaurs, mammals could expand and diversify to occupy the many new available ecological niches that were previously occupied by dinosaurs.

EV3E There are currently two, large permanent bridges that span the Panama Canal. The bridges are about 8 mile apart. If snapping shrimp avoid swimming at night and avoid swimming under shadows, then what do these bridges represent for the snapping shrimp?

Geographic Barriers

EV3E Refer to the paragraph about the formation of Isthmus of Panama. If the isthmus formed gradually rather than suddenly, what pattern of genetic divergence would you expect to find these species pairs?

Greater percentage of difference in DNA sequence between species that inhabit deep water than between species that inhabit shallow water.

EV3F Using only the information provided in the paragraph, which of the following is the best initial hypthesis for how D. Sanomea descended from D. Yakuba?

Habitat differentiation

EV3F What keeps the two populations separate?

Habitat isolation

EV3F Which of the following reduces gene flow of the two species on Sao Tomé, despite the existence of hybrids?

Hybrid sterility

EV3F If a speciation event occurred on Sao Tomé producing D. Santomea from a parent colony of D. Yakuba, then which terms apply?

I and III (macroevolution and sympatric speciation)

EV3E According to the punctuated equilibria model

Most new species accumulate their unique features relatively rapidly as they come into existence, then change little for the rest of their duration as a species

EV3I EV3J Why would gene duplication events, such as those seen in the HOX gene complex, set the stage for adaptive radiation?

One copy of a gene can perform the original function, while other copies are available to take on new functions.

EV3F If the low number of hybrid flies in the hybrid zone, relative to the number of D. Santomea flies there, is due to the fact that hybrids are poorly adapted to conditions in the hybrid zone, and if fewer hybrid flies are produced with the passage of time, these conditions will most likely lead to

Reinforcement

EV3B EV3C Logically, which of these should cast the most doubt on the relationships depicted by an evolutionary tree?

Relationships between DNA sequences among the species did not match relationships between skeletal patterns

EV3E According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, the "sudden" appearance of a new species in the fossil record means that

Speciation occurred rapidly in geologic time

EV3E Which factor is most important for explaining why there are equal numbers of snapping shrimp species on either side of the isthmus?

The relative shortness of time they have been separated

EV3B EV3C Which of the following would suggest that the relationship more likely represents homology instead of convergent evolution?

The two species have many proteins in common, and the nucleotide sequences that code for these are almost identical

EV3E Why should deepwater shrimp on different sides of the isthmus have diverged from each other earlier than shallow-water shrimp?

They have been geographically isolated from each other for a longer time

EV3I EV3J The Permian period ended and the rapid speciation occurred as new animals and plant forms evolved. The most likely explanation for this is

Three above

EV3B EV3C Which species is least expected to have a good record of transitional fossils; in other words, which species' fossils, if present at all, are expected only in relatively superficial strata?

V

EV3B EV3C Which species is most closely related to species W?

V is most closely related to species W.

EV3B EV3C Which of the five species is the extant species that is most closely related to species X and why is this so?

V; shared a common ancestor with X most recently

EV3B EV3C Which of these five species originated earliest and appeared suddenly in fossil record?

W