Unit 7 test banks

"On the third of February last I officially laid before you the extraordinary announcement of the Imperial German Government that on and after the first day of February it was its purpose to put aside all restraints of law of humanity and use its submarines to sink every vessel that sought to approach either the ports of Great Britain and Ireland or the western coasts of Europe or any of the ports controlled by the enemies of Germany... Our object now, as then, is to vindicate the principles of peace and justice in the life of the world as against selfish and autocratic power and to set up amongst the really free and self-governed peoples of the world such a concert of purpose and of action as will henceforth ensure the observance of those principles. Neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable where the peace of the world is involved and the freedom of its peoples... that the Prussian autocracy... means to stir up

a nation's right to self-determination

8. The image best serves as evidence of which of the following?

A number of Americans violated the law prohibiting the production of alcohol

"Yet, after all our years of toil and privation, dangers and hardships upon the... frontier, monopoly is taking our homes from us by an infamous system of mortgage foreclosure, the most infamous that has ever disgraced the statutes of a civilized nation. ... How did it happen? The government, at the bid of Wall Street, repudiated its contract with the people; the circulating medium was contracted. ... As Senator Plumb [of Kansas] tells us, 'Our debts were increased, while the means to pay them was decreased.' As grand Senator... Stewart [of Nevada] puts it, 'For twenty years the market value of the dollar has gone up and the market value of labor has gone down, till today the American laborer, in bitterness and wrath, asks which is the worst: the black slavery that has gone or the white slavery that has come?"Mary Elizabeth Lease, speech to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1890 15. People who agreed with the

A stronger government role in the economic system

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Reverend F.J. Grimke, Address to African-American Soldiers Returning from War, 1919"Young gentlemen, I am glad to welcome you home again... While you were away you had the opportunity of coming in contact with another ... and through that contact you have learned what it is to be treated as a man, regardless of the color of your skin or race identity. Unfortunately you had to go away from home to receive a man's treatment, to breathe the pure, bracing air of liberty, equality, fraternity... You know now that the mean, contemptible spirit of race prejudice that curses this land is not the spirit of other lands... And, one of the things that I am particularly hoping for... is that you have come back determined, as never before, to keep up the struggle for our rights until, here... in this boasted land of the free and home of the brave, every man, regardless of the color of his skin, shall be accorded

African Americans are entitled to the same rights they had fought to protect overseas

"American women are learning how to put planes and tanks together, how to read blueprints, how to weld and rivet and make the machinery of war production hum under skillful eyes and hands. But they're also learning how to look smart in overalls and how to be glamorous after work. They are learning to fulfill both the useful and the beautiful ideal."— Woman's Home Companion,1943 1. The excerpt was most likely intended to do which of the following?

Reduce anxieties about wartime mobilization on the home front

15. One limitation of the original Social Security Act was that?

it did not include domestic workers, thereby shutting out many African Americans

Populism

"... You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. Bum down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic; but destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country.... If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost. Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."William Jennings Bryan, "Cross of Gold Speech," 1896 1. The speech above is usually associated with which political philosophy or movement?

Jesus' suffering and death

"... You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. Bum down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic; but destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country.... If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost. Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."William Jennings Bryan, "Cross of Gold Speech," 1896 2. The speech compares the gold standard to?

Jeffersonianism

"... You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. Bum down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic; but destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country.... If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost. Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."William Jennings Bryan, "Cross of Gold Speech," 1896 3. When Bryan makes his allusion to the importance of farms compared to cities this idea most directly reflects which of the following continuities in United States history?

religion

"... You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. Bum down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic; but destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country.... If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost. Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."William Jennings Bryan, "Cross of Gold Speech," 1896 4. Bryan concludes his speech with a metaphor taken from?

Manifest Destiny

"... the Americans may reasonably look forward to a time when they will have produced a civilization grander than any the world has known. Among the most striking features of the Anglo-Saxon is his money-making power ... We have seen . . . that, although England is by far the richest nation of Europe, we have already outstripped her in the race after wealth.... [A] characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon is what may be called an instinct or genius for colonizing. His unequaled energy, his indomitable perseverance, and his personal independence, made him a pioneer. He excels all others in pushing his way into new countries. It was those in whom this tendency was strongest that came to America, and this inherited tendency bas been further developed by the westward sweep of successive generations across the continent. So noticeable has this characteristic become that English visitors remark it. Charles Dickens once said that the typical American would hesitate to enter heaven unless assured that he could go farther west."Josiah Strong, "Anglo-Saxon Predominance ," 1891 1. Which of the following terms is most similar to the argument Strong is making in the excerpt?

Ulysses S. Grant

"A widely held view of the Republican administrations of the 1920s is that they represented a return to an older order that had existed before Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson became the nation's chief executives. Harding and Coolidge especially are seen as latter-day McKinleys, political mediocrities who peopled their cabinets with routine, conservative party hacks of the kind almost universal in Washington from the end of the Civil War until the early 20th century. In this view, the 1920s politically were an effort to set back the clock."-David A. Shannon, historian, Between the Wars: America, 1919-1941, 1965 8. The administration of which of the following presidents who served between 1865 and 1900 most closely resembles the corruption of the Harding administration?

Social Darwinism

"... the Americans may reasonably look forward to a time when they will have produced a civilization grander than any the world has known. Among the most striking features of the Anglo-Saxon is his money-making power ... We have seen . . . that, although England is by far the richest nation of Europe, we have already outstripped her in the race after wealth.... [A] characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon is what may be called an instinct or genius for colonizing. His unequaled energy, his indomitable perseverance, and his personal independence, made him a pioneer. He excels all others in pushing his way into new countries. It was those in whom this tendency was strongest that came to America, and this inherited tendency bas been further developed by the westward sweep of successive generations across the continent. So noticeable has this characteristic become that English visitors remark it. Charles Dickens once said that the typical American would hesitate to enter heaven unless assured that he could go farther west."Josiah Strong, "Anglo-Saxon Predominance ," 1891 2. The arguments used by Strong reflect a philosophy of racial superiority called?

Hawaii

"... the Americans may reasonably look forward to a time when they will have produced a civilization grander than any the world has known. Among the most striking features of the Anglo-Saxon is his money-making power ... We have seen . . . that, although England is by far the richest nation of Europe, we have already outstripped her in the race after wealth.... [A] characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon is what may be called an instinct or genius for colonizing. His unequaled energy, his indomitable perseverance, and his personal independence, made him a pioneer. He excels all others in pushing his way into new countries. It was those in whom this tendency was strongest that came to America, and this inherited tendency bas been further developed by the westward sweep of successive generations across the continent. So noticeable has this characteristic become that English visitors remark it. Charles Dickens once said that the typical American would hesitate to enter heaven unless assured that he could go farther west."Josiah Strong, "Anglo-Saxon Predominance ," 1891 3. Strong's racial argument in favor of Anglo-Saxon superiority and his "genius for colonizing" statement was an attempt to justify which imperialistic action that was taking place in the early 1890s?

Agreement between Britain, France, Germany, and Italy in which the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia was ceded to Germany

".... But the crisis of 1938, culminating at Munich, could hardly be ignored. Munich, as we discovered in retrospect, was the great divide of American opinion on the war, after it, isolationism slowly receded.... Most Americans then found that there supposed unconcern with the affairs of Europe was predicated on the assumption that no unfriendly power could dominate that continent. When Nazi Germany threatened to secure such mastery, most Americans abandoned their neutrality.... Business opinion divided sharply. While part of it remained stubbornly loyal to isolationism, a growing minority, finally to become a majority, discovered that America could not, and ought not, to remain aloof."Roland N. Stromberg, "American Business and the Approach of War, 1935-41," 1953 12. Which incident does the passage above see as a watershed event in transforming American public opinion away from neutrality?

Neutrality Acts

".... But the crisis of 1938, culminating at Munich, could hardly be ignored. Munich, as we discovered in retrospect, was the great divide of American opinion on the war, after it, isolationism slowly receded.... Most Americans then found that there supposed unconcern with the affairs of Europe was predicated on the assumption that no unfriendly power could dominate that continent. When Nazi Germany threatened to secure such mastery, most Americans abandoned their neutrality.... Business opinion divided sharply. While part of it remained stubbornly loyal to isolationism, a growing minority, finally to become a majority, discovered that America could not, and ought not, to remain aloof."Roland N. Stromberg, "American Business and the Approach of War, 1935-41," 1953 13. Isolationism begin to recede in the late 1930s when which laws were modified to enable the U.S. to give support to Great Britain and the other Allies?

WWII

".... It seems to be unfortunately true that the epidemic of world lawlessness is spreading. ... And mark this well! When an epidemic of physical disease starts to spread, the community approves and joins in a quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community against the spread of the disease.... War is a contagion, whether it be declared or undeclared. It can engulf states and peoples remote from the original scene of hostilities. Yes, we are determined to keep out of war... Most important of all, the will for peace on the part of peace-loving nations must express itself to the end that nations that may be tempted to violate their agreements and the rights of others will desist from such a cause. America hates war. America hopes for peace. Therefore, America actively engages in the search for peace."Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Quarantine Speech," 1937 10. The epidemic that Roosevelt is referring of world lawlessness would ultimately result in which war being waged?

Cuban Missile Crisis

".... It seems to be unfortunately true that the epidemic of world lawlessness is spreading. ... And mark this well! When an epidemic of physical disease starts to spread, the community approves and joins in a quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community against the spread of the disease.... War is a contagion, whether it be declared or undeclared. It can engulf states and peoples remote from the original scene of hostilities. Yes, we are determined to keep out of war... Most important of all, the will for peace on the part of peace-loving nations must express itself to the end that nations that may be tempted to violate their agreements and the rights of others will desist from such a cause. America hates war. America hopes for peace. Therefore, America actively engages in the search for peace."Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Quarantine Speech," 1937 11. The terminology used in this speech by Roosevelt was later adopted by John F. Kennedy when he used the word quarantine in response to the?

America First Committee

".... It seems to be unfortunately true that the epidemic of world lawlessness is spreading. ... And mark this well! When an epidemic of physical disease starts to spread, the community approves and joins in a quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community against the spread of the disease.... War is a contagion, whether it be declared or undeclared. It can engulf states and peoples remote from the original scene of hostilities. Yes, we are determined to keep out of war... Most important of all, the will for peace on the part of peace-loving nations must express itself to the end that nations that may be tempted to violate their agreements and the rights of others will desist from such a cause. America hates war. America hopes for peace. Therefore, America actively engages in the search for peace."Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Quarantine Speech," 1937 9. This speech by Franklin Roosevelt in Chicago in 1937 unleashed criticism from what subsequent political group?

Progressives

"...frustrations felt by progressives during the First World War and the subsequent disclosure by historians and journalist of the shoddy motives that had apparently been at the base of American intervention. Some were pacifist who felt vindicated by the failure of the Versailles Treaty. Others had supported the war and apparently felt guilty about the results of their action. Still others examined the quickly opened diplomatic documents of Russia and the Central Powers and discovered evidence that Germany, the chief object of hatred during the war, was probably less guilty... than her ally Austria or... America's allies Russia and France. The moral and religious fervor which the war had been conducted contrasted painfully with the story of sordid imperialistic intrigue, diplomatic conniving, deceitful secret treaties, peace initiatives squashed by America's allies, undemocratic methods used by leaders even as they mouthed Wilson pieties ..."Robert M. Crunden, From Self to Society, 1919-1941, 1972 4. The results of WWI caused which reform minded group to become frustrated with America in the 1930s?

revisionists

"...frustrations felt by progressives during the First World War and the subsequent disclosure by historians and journalist of the shoddy motives that had apparently been at the base of American intervention. Some were pacifist who felt vindicated by the failure of the Versailles Treaty. Others had supported the war and apparently felt guilty about the results of their action. Still others examined the quickly opened diplomatic documents of Russia and the Central Powers and discovered evidence that Germany, the chief object of hatred during the war, was probably less guilty... than her ally Austria or... America's allies Russia and France. The moral and religious fervor which the war had been conducted contrasted painfully with the story of sordid imperialistic intrigue, diplomatic conniving, deceitful secret treaties, peace initiatives squashed by America's allies, undemocratic methods used by leaders even as they mouthed Wilson pieties ..."Robert M. Crunden, From Self to Society, 1919-1941, 1972 5. Those journalists and historians who became critical of the U.S. involvement in World War I are called?

lost generation

"...frustrations felt by progressives during the First World War and the subsequent disclosure by historians and journalist of the shoddy motives that had apparently been at the base of American intervention. Some were pacifist who felt vindicated by the failure of the Versailles Treaty. Others had supported the war and apparently felt guilty about the results of their action. Still others examined the quickly opened diplomatic documents of Russia and the Central Powers and discovered evidence that Germany, the chief object of hatred during the war, was probably less guilty... than her ally Austria or... America's allies Russia and France. The moral and religious fervor which the war had been conducted contrasted painfully with the story of sordid imperialistic intrigue, diplomatic conniving, deceitful secret treaties, peace initiatives squashed by America's allies, undemocratic methods used by leaders even as they mouthed Wilson pieties ..."Robert M. Crunden, From Self to Society, 1919-1941, 1972 6. A group of young people who succumbed to the disillusionment created by WWI and the end of Progressive reform by becoming expatriates and moving to Europe, especially the left bank of Paris, were called?

Neighbors

"...the evictions in Philadelphia are frequently accompanied not only by the ghastly placing of a family's furniture on the street, but the actual sale of the family's household goods by the constable. These families are, in common Philadelphia parlance, 'sold out.'... a family of 10 had just moved in with a family of 6 in a 3-room apartment... it is an almost everyday occurrence in our midst. Neighbors do take people in. They sleep on chairs, they sleep on the floor... There is scarcely a day that calls do not come in to all of our offices to find somehow a bed or a chair. The demand for boxes on which people can sit or stretch themselves is hardly to be believed ....Dorothy Kahn, "U.S. Congress, Senate, Subcommittee on Unemployment Relief," 1931 10. Who is taking on the responsibility of finding shelter for the poor and the homeless in Philadelphia according to this document?

in the 21st century

"...the evictions in Philadelphia are frequently accompanied not only by the ghastly placing of a family's furniture on the street, but the actual sale of the family's household goods by the constable. These families are, in common Philadelphia parlance, 'sold out.'... a family of 10 had just moved in with a family of 6 in a 3-room apartment... it is an almost everyday occurrence in our midst. Neighbors do take people in. They sleep on chairs, they sleep on the floor... There is scarcely a day that calls do not come in to all of our offices to find somehow a bed or a chair. The demand for boxes on which people can sit or stretch themselves is hardly to be believed ....Dorothy Kahn, "U.S. Congress, Senate, Subcommittee on Unemployment Relief," 1931 9. Besides the time period of the Great Depression and 1930s, another era when homelessness became an issue is?

Appointment of Harry M. Daugherty as Attorney General

"A widely held view of the Republican administrations of the 1920s is that they represented a return to an older order that had existed before Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson became the nation's chief executives. Harding and Coolidge especially are seen as latter-day McKinleys, political mediocrities who peopled their cabinets with routine, conservative party hacks of the kind almost universal in Washington from the end of the Civil War until the early 20th century. In this view, the 1920s politically were an effort to set back the clock."-David A. Shannon, historian, Between the Wars: America, 1919-1941, 1965 6. Which of the following most directly supports the argument found in the above excerpt?

The Fordney-McCumber Tariff of 1922

"A widely held view of the Republican administrations of the 1920s is that they represented a return to an older order that had existed before Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson became the nation's chief executives. Harding and Coolidge especially are seen as latter-day McKinleys, political mediocrities who peopled their cabinets with routine, conservative party hacks of the kind almost universal in Washington from the end of the Civil War until the early 20th century. In this view, the 1920s politically were an effort to set back the clock."-David A. Shannon, historian, Between the Wars: America, 1919-1941, 1965 7. Which of the following cites an event that mostly clearly challenges the interpretation expressed in the above excerpt?

internment

"All through the night I heard people getting up, dragging cots around. I stared at our little window, unable to sleep. I was glad Mother had put up a makeshift curtain on the window for I noticed a powerful beam of light sweeping across it every few seconds. The lights came from high towers placed around the camp... I remembered the wire fence encircling us, and a knot of anger tightened in my breast. What was I doing behind a fence like a criminal? Of one thing I was sure. The wire fence was real. I no longer had the right to walk out of it. It was because I had Japanese ancestors. It was also because some people had little faith in the ideas and ideals of democracy..."Monica Itoi Stone, Nisei Daughter, 1953Monica Itoi Sone, Nisei Daughter (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1953), 176-178 14. The experience described in the excerpt above was an example of?

The mass mobilization of American society for the war effort

"All through the night I heard people getting up, dragging cots around. I stared at our little window, unable to sleep. I was glad Mother had put up a makeshift curtain on the window for I noticed a powerful beam of light sweeping across it every few seconds. The lights came from high towers placed around the camp... I remembered the wire fence encircling us, and a knot of anger tightened in my breast. What was I doing behind a fence like a criminal? Of one thing I was sure. The wire fence was real. I no longer had the right to walk out of it. It was because I had Japanese ancestors. It was also because some people had little faith in the ideas and ideals of democracy..."Monica Itoi Stone, Nisei Daughter, 1953Monica Itoi Sone, Nisei Daughter (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1953), 176-178 15. Which of the following U.S. government efforts was most undermined by the federal policy that resulted in the events described above?

"twisting the lion's tail"

"Anglo-American and Canadian-American tensions... persisted in the 1865-1895 period . Union leaders remained irate over Britain's favoritism toward the South during the Civil War, especially the outfitting of Confederate vessels in British ports... Seward filed damage claims against the British, even proposing at one point that Britain cede to America British Columbia or the Bahama [s] Islands in lieu of a cash settlement. The secretary was also annoyed that British officials would not permit American soldiers to pursue destitute Sioux Indians into Canadian territory. Canadians and Americans squabbled over Fenian raids, tariffs, boundaries, fishing rights in the North Atlantic and seal hunting. The neighbors to the north bristled upon hearing renewed and arrogant prediction that the United States would one day absorb Canada."Thomas Patterson, J. Garry Clifford, Kenneth J. Hagan, American Foreign Policy: A History to 1914, 1988 7. Conflicts between the U.S. and the British were used by American politicians to gain favor with the electorate by the practice taking a hard stand against the British called?

Manifest Destiny

"Anglo-American and Canadian-American tensions... persisted in the 1865-1895 period . Union leaders remained irate over Britain's favoritism toward the South during the Civil War, especially the outfitting of Confederate vessels in British ports... Seward filed damage claims against the British, even proposing at one point that Britain cede to America British Columbia or the Bahama [s] Islands in lieu of a cash settlement. The secretary was also annoyed that British officials would not permit American soldiers to pursue destitute Sioux Indians into Canadian territory. Canadians and Americans squabbled over Fenian raids, tariffs, boundaries, fishing rights in the North Atlantic and seal hunting. The neighbors to the north bristled upon hearing renewed and arrogant prediction that the United States would one day absorb Canada."Thomas Patterson, J. Garry Clifford, Kenneth J. Hagan, American Foreign Policy: A History to 1914, 1988 8. The idea of America acquiring British Columbia and/or the Bahamian Islands from the British was a continuation of which earlier U.S. movement or policy?

annexation of Canada into the U.S.

"Anglo-American and Canadian-American tensions... persisted in the 1865-1895 period . Union leaders remained irate over Britain's favoritism toward the South during the Civil War, especially the outfitting of Confederate vessels in British ports... Seward filed damage claims against the British, even proposing at one point that Britain cede to America British Columbia or the Bahama [s] Islands in lieu of a cash settlement. The secretary was also annoyed that British officials would not permit American soldiers to pursue destitute Sioux Indians into Canadian territory. Canadians and Americans squabbled over Fenian raids, tariffs, boundaries, fishing rights in the North Atlantic and seal hunting. The neighbors to the north bristled upon hearing renewed and arrogant prediction that the United States would one day absorb Canada."Thomas Patterson, J. Garry Clifford, Kenneth J. Hagan, American Foreign Policy: A History to 1914, 1988 9. For the most part relations between Canada and the U.S. have been amicable although the passage above mentions five areas of conflict between the countries. Despite these differences the one thing that Canada objected to the most was?

rebel

"As an ex-flapper I'd like to say a word in her behalf. I who have tasted the fruits of flappery and found them good-even nourishing ... A flapper lives on encouragement... a flapper is proud of her nerve... she is shameless, selfish, and honest... she considers these attributes virtues. She takes a man's point of view as her mother never could.... She can take a man-the man of the hour-at his face value with no foolish promises that will need... breaking .... [There are] different types of flappers. There is the prep-school type-still a little crude.... She has not the finish of the college flapper who has learned to be soulful, virtuous on occasions, and, under extreme circumstances, even highbrow ... if she wants you badly enough she will come out in the open and work for you with the same fresh and vigorous air that you would work to win her...."George E. Mowry (ed.), The Twenties: Fords, Flappers, & Fanatics, 1963 7. This description by a self-professed flapper shows that compared to earlier women arch-types she is a?

Gipson Girl

"As an ex-flapper I'd like to say a word in her behalf. I who have tasted the fruits of flappery and found them good-even nourishing ... A flapper lives on encouragement... a flapper is proud of her nerve... she is shameless, selfish, and honest... she considers these attributes virtues. She takes a man's point of view as her mother never could.... She can take a man-the man of the hour-at his face value with no foolish promises that will need... breaking .... [There are] different types of flappers. There is the prep-school type-still a little crude.... She has not the finish of the college flapper who has learned to be soulful, virtuous on occasions, and, under extreme circumstances, even highbrow ... if she wants you badly enough she will come out in the open and work for you with the same fresh and vigorous air that you would work to win her...."George E. Mowry (ed.), The Twenties: Fords, Flappers, & Fanatics, 1963 8. The flapper replaced which woman who had been the feminine ideal for most of society before her time?

adopted the habits and behaviors associated more with men

"As an ex-flapper I'd like to say a word in her behalf. I who have tasted the fruits of flappery and found them good-even nourishing ... A flapper lives on encouragement... a flapper is proud of her nerve... she is shameless, selfish, and honest... she considers these attributes virtues. She takes a man's point of view as her mother never could.... She can take a man-the man of the hour-at his face value with no foolish promises that will need... breaking .... [There are] different types of flappers. There is the prep-school type-still a little crude.... She has not the finish of the college flapper who has learned to be soulful, virtuous on occasions, and, under extreme circumstances, even highbrow ... if she wants you badly enough she will come out in the open and work for you with the same fresh and vigorous air that you would work to win her...."George E. Mowry (ed.), The Twenties: Fords, Flappers, & Fanatics, 1963 9. One significant way that the flapper differed from traditional women' s types is that she?

the independent nations of the Americas should remain free from European intervention

"Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of international police power . . ."We would interfere with them only in the last resort, and then only if it became evident that their inability or unwillingness to do justice at home and abroad had violated the rights of the United States or has invited foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations."-Theodore Roosevelt, Speech to Congress, Dec. 6, 1904 1. This excerpt most directly reflects the continuation of the policy that?

The United States intervened in many American countries in the early 20th century

"Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of international police power . . ."We would interfere with them only in the last resort, and then only if it became evident that their inability or unwillingness to do justice at home and abroad had violated the rights of the United States or has invited foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations."-Theodore Roosevelt, Speech to Congress, Dec. 6, 1904 2. Which of the following was the most direct result of the policy stated in this excerpt?

Women who had joined the workforce

12. Which of the following groups would have most strongly appreciated the cartoon above?

The increased number of women in the paid workforce by the 1970s

12. Which of the following represents a later example of the change highlighted in the poster?

The idea that government should preserve wilderness areas in a natural state

"Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque.... Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded."John Muir, Century Magazine, 1909 4. Which of the following aspects of Muir's description expresses a major change in Americans' views of the natural environment?

increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes

"Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque.... Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded."John Muir, Century Magazine, 1909 5. Muir's ideas are most directly a reaction to the?

Companies involved in natural resource extinction

"Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque.... Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded."John Muir, Century Magazine, 1909 6. Muir's position regarding wilderness was most strongly opposed by which of the following?

American Liberty League

"Illumined by the stem-lantern of history, the New Deal can be seen to have left in place a set of institutional arrangement that constituted a more coherent pattern than is dreamt of in many philosophies. That pattern can be summarized in a single word: security-security for vulnerable individuals, to be sure, as Roosevelt famously urged in his campaign for the Social Security Act of 1935, but security for capitalists and consumers, for workers and builders as well. Job-security, life-cycle security, financial security, market security-however it might be defined, achieving security was the leitmotif of virtually everything the New Deal attempted."-David M. Kennedy, historian, Freedom From Fear, 1999 1. Who among the following individuals or groups would most directly oppose the philosophy of the New Deal as explained in this excerpt?

consumer goods should be limited to help the war effort

13. Rationing was justified on the basis that?

The Neo-Conservative movement of the 1980s

"I contend that the period from approximately 1900 until the United States' intervention in the war, labeled the "progressive era" by virtually all historians, was really an era of conservatism. Moreover, the triumph of conservatism ...was a result not of any impersonal, mechanistic necessity but of the conscious needs and decisions of specific men and institutions.... In brief, conservative solutions to the emerging problems of an industrial society were almost universally applied.... It is business control over politics... rather than political regulation of the economy that is the significant phenomenon of the Progressive Era."Gabriel Kolko, The Triumph of Conservatism: A Reinterpretation of American History, 1900-1916, 1963. 10. Which of the following movements in 1950s to the1980s could be considered similar to the ideas expressed in the passage?

Conservative business interest gained control over progressivism

"I contend that the period from approximately 1900 until the United States' intervention in the war, labeled the "progressive era" by virtually all historians, was really an era of conservatism. Moreover, the triumph of conservatism ...was a result not of any impersonal, mechanistic necessity but of the conscious needs and decisions of specific men and institutions.... In brief, conservative solutions to the emerging problems of an industrial society were almost universally applied.... It is business control over politics... rather than political regulation of the economy that is the significant phenomenon of the Progressive Era."Gabriel Kolko, The Triumph of Conservatism: A Reinterpretation of American History, 1900-1916, 1963. 8. The ideas expressed in the passage above support which of the following interpretations?

as a successful reform movement that curbed the power of the business class

"I contend that the period from approximately 1900 until the United States' intervention in the war, labeled the "progressive era" by virtually all historians, was really an era of conservatism. Moreover, the triumph of conservatism ...was a result not of any impersonal, mechanistic necessity but of the conscious needs and decisions of specific men and institutions.... In brief, conservative solutions to the emerging problems of an industrial society were almost universally applied.... It is business control over politics... rather than political regulation of the economy that is the significant phenomenon of the Progressive Era."Gabriel Kolko, The Triumph of Conservatism: A Reinterpretation of American History, 1900-1916, 1963. 9. The interpretation in the above passage is contrary to the generally accepted view of historians that Progressivism?

Security and Exchange Commission

"Illumined by the stem-lantern of history, the New Deal can be seen to have left in place a set of institutional arrangement that constituted a more coherent pattern than is dreamt of in many philosophies. That pattern can be summarized in a single word: security-security for vulnerable individuals, to be sure, as Roosevelt famously urged in his campaign for the Social Security Act of 1935, but security for capitalists and consumers, for workers and builders as well. Job-security, life-cycle security, financial security, market security-however it might be defined, achieving security was the leitmotif of virtually everything the New Deal attempted."-David M. Kennedy, historian, Freedom From Fear, 1999 2. Which of the following most directly addressed "security for capitalists?"

The shifting roles of women in American society

13. The ideas expressed in the cartoon above most dearly show which of the following?

Things were different then they appeared

"I learned that not everything in America was what it seemed to be. I discovered, for instance, that a spare tire could be filled with substances other than air, that one must not look too deeply into certain binoculars, and that the Teddy Bears that suddenly acquired tremendous popularity among the ladies very often bad hollow metal stomachs. 'But,' it might be asked, 'where do all these people get the liquor?' Very simple. Prohibition has created a new, a universally respected, a well-beloved, and a very profitable occupation, that of the bootlegger who takes care of the importation of the forbidden liquor... The filthy saloons, the gin mills which formerly flourished on every comer and in which the laborer once drank off half his wages, have disappeared ... a great deal of poison and methyl alcohol has taken the place of the good old pure whiskey... as a consequence of the law, the taste for alcohol has spread ever more widely among the youth .... My observations have convinced me that many fewer would drink were it not illegal."Count Felix von Luckner, "I learned that not everything in America was what it seemed to be,Seeteufel erobert Amerika ," 1928 13. What was the main thing that the German visitor learned about America?

good old pure whiskey has replaced methyl alcohol

"I learned that not everything in America was what it seemed to be. I discovered, for instance, that a spare tire could be filled with substances other than air, that one must not look too deeply into certain binoculars, and that the Teddy Bears that suddenly acquired tremendous popularity among the ladies very often bad hollow metal stomachs. 'But,' it might be asked, 'where do all these people get the liquor?' Very simple. Prohibition has created a new, a universally respected, a well-beloved, and a very profitable occupation, that of the bootlegger who takes care of the importation of the forbidden liquor... The filthy saloons, the gin mills which formerly flourished on every comer and in which the laborer once drank off half his wages, have disappeared ... a great deal of poison and methyl alcohol has taken the place of the good old pure whiskey... as a consequence of the law, the taste for alcohol has spread ever more widely among the youth .... My observations have convinced me that many fewer would drink were it not illegal."Count Felix von Luckner, "I learned that not everything in America was what it seemed to be,Seeteufel erobert Amerika ," 1928 14. According to the German visitor all of the following were changes that prohibition brought about EXCEPT?

Among youth drinking became more widespread

"I learned that not everything in America was what it seemed to be. I discovered, for instance, that a spare tire could be filled with substances other than air, that one must not look too deeply into certain binoculars, and that the Teddy Bears that suddenly acquired tremendous popularity among the ladies very often bad hollow metal stomachs. 'But,' it might be asked, 'where do all these people get the liquor?' Very simple. Prohibition has created a new, a universally respected, a well-beloved, and a very profitable occupation, that of the bootlegger who takes care of the importation of the forbidden liquor... The filthy saloons, the gin mills which formerly flourished on every comer and in which the laborer once drank off half his wages, have disappeared ... a great deal of poison and methyl alcohol has taken the place of the good old pure whiskey... as a consequence of the law, the taste for alcohol has spread ever more widely among the youth .... My observations have convinced me that many fewer would drink were it not illegal."Count Felix von Luckner, "I learned that not everything in America was what it seemed to be,Seeteufel erobert Amerika ," 1928 15. Which of the following illustrates the validity of the law of unintended consequences (outcomes that are not the ones intended by a purposeful action) as it applies to prohibition?

Citizens do not lose their freedom of speech during war

"I think all men recognize that in time of war the citizen must surrender some rights for the common good which he is entitled to enjoy in time of peace. But sir, the right to control their own government, according to constitutional forms, is not one of the rights that the citizens of this country are called upon to surrender in time of war . . ."Mr. President, our Government, above all others, is founded on the right of the people freely to discuss all matters pertaining to their Government, in war not less than in peace.... How can the popular will express itself between elections except by meetings, by speeches, by publications, by petitions, and by addresses to the representatives of the people?"Any man who seeks to set a limit upon these rights, whether in war or peace, aims a blow at the most vital part of our Government." -Robert M. Lafollette, Congressional Record, October 6, 1917 1. What does the author imply by the phrase, "not one of the rights that the citizens of this country are called upon to surrender in time of war"?

The Espionage and Sedition Acts

"I think all men recognize that in time of war the citizen must surrender some rights for the common good which he is entitled to enjoy in time of peace. But sir, the right to control their own government, according to constitutional forms, is not one of the rights that the citizens of this country are called upon to surrender in time of war . . ."Mr. President, our Government, above all others, is founded on the right of the people freely to discuss all matters pertaining to their Government, in war not less than in peace.... How can the popular will express itself between elections except by meetings, by speeches, by publications, by petitions, and by addresses to the representatives of the people?"Any man who seeks to set a limit upon these rights, whether in war or peace, aims a blow at the most vital part of our Government." -Robert M. Lafollette, Congressional Record, October 6, 1917 2. Which of the following during World War I proved the most direct threat to the perspective on civil rights in this excerpt?

The American Civil War

"I think all men recognize that in time of war the citizen must surrender some rights for the common good which he is entitled to enjoy in time of peace. But sir, the right to control their own government, according to constitutional forms, is not one of the rights that the citizens of this country are called upon to surrender in time of war . . ."Mr. President, our Government, above all others, is founded on the right of the people freely to discuss all matters pertaining to their Government, in war not less than in peace.... How can the popular will express itself between elections except by meetings, by speeches, by publications, by petitions, and by addresses to the representatives of the people?"Any man who seeks to set a limit upon these rights, whether in war or peace, aims a blow at the most vital part of our Government." -Robert M. Lafollette, Congressional Record, October 6, 1917 3. Which of the following conflicts raised the most similar concerns about the violation of civil rights as did World War I?

The Exodusters going to Kansas in the 1870s and 1880s

13. The migration depicted in the map is most similar to which of the following events?

court packing plan for the Supreme Court

13. The political cartoon above is directed against FDR's?

National Labor Relations Act

"Illumined by the stem-lantern of history, the New Deal can be seen to have left in place a set of institutional arrangement that constituted a more coherent pattern than is dreamt of in many philosophies. That pattern can be summarized in a single word: security-security for vulnerable individuals, to be sure, as Roosevelt famously urged in his campaign for the Social Security Act of 1935, but security for capitalists and consumers, for workers and builders as well. Job-security, life-cycle security, financial security, market security-however it might be defined, achieving security was the leitmotif of virtually everything the New Deal attempted."-David M. Kennedy, historian, Freedom From Fear, 1999 3. Which of the following was designed to provide long term "job security" for workers?

laissez-faire economic policies of the Gilded Age

"In our efforts for recovery we have avoided, on the one hand, the theory that business should and must be taken over into an all-embracing Government. We have avoided, on the other hand, the equally untenable theory that it is an interference with liberty to offer reasonable help when private enterprise is in need of help. The course we have followed fits the American practice of Government, a practice of taking action step by step, of regulating only to meet concrete needs, a practice of courageous recognition of change."Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Greater Security for the Average Man", 1934. Franklin D. Roosevelt, "On Moving Forward to Greater Freedom and Greater Security," Fireside Chats, September 30, 1934. 6. The principles championed by President Roosevelt in the speech above directly challenged the?

Dispute near the Chinese city of Mukden that led to the Japanese conquest of Manchuria

"In response to Japanese activities in the Far East, 1931-1933, the Hoover administration adopted a policy of refusing to recognize political or territorial changes made in violation of American treaty rights... At the time of Japan's Twenty One Demands upon China, in 1915, Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan had announced a similar non-recognition policy. But the Hoover administration elaborated the formula by associating it with the Kellogg-Briand or Paris Pact of 1928, whose signatories (including Japan) renounced war as an instrument of national policy, and with the Nine Power Treaty of 1922, which bound the nine powers (including Japan) to respect the Open Door in China and Chinese territorial... integrity. Non-recognition-as a corollary of these treaties came to be known variously as the Stimson, the Hoover-Stimson or the Hoover doctrine."Richard N. Current, "The Stimson Doctrine and The Hoover Doctrine," 1954 1. Which incident in the Far East in 1931 led to the issuing of the Stimson Doctrine?

1790s as Jeffersonians and Federalists argued bitterly over a proper response to the French Revolution

"In response to Japanese activities in the Far East, 1931-1933, the Hoover administration adopted a policy of refusing to recognize political or territorial changes made in violation of American treaty rights... At the time of Japan's Twenty One Demands upon China, in 1915, Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan had announced a similar non-recognition policy. But the Hoover administration elaborated the formula by associating it with the Kellogg-Briand or Paris Pact of 1928, whose signatories (including Japan) renounced war as an instrument of national policy, and with the Nine Power Treaty of 1922, which bound the nine powers (including Japan) to respect the Open Door in China and Chinese territorial... integrity. Non-recognition-as a corollary of these treaties came to be known variously as the Stimson, the Hoover-Stimson or the Hoover doctrine."Richard N. Current, "The Stimson Doctrine and The Hoover Doctrine," 1954 2. The historic U.S. recognition policy that was the basis of the Stimson doctrine had first been debated during the?

League of Nations ordering Japan to leave Manchuria

"In response to Japanese activities in the Far East, 1931-1933, the Hoover administration adopted a policy of refusing to recognize political or territorial changes made in violation of American treaty rights... At the time of Japan's Twenty One Demands upon China, in 1915, Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan had announced a similar non-recognition policy. But the Hoover administration elaborated the formula by associating it with the Kellogg-Briand or Paris Pact of 1928, whose signatories (including Japan) renounced war as an instrument of national policy, and with the Nine Power Treaty of 1922, which bound the nine powers (including Japan) to respect the Open Door in China and Chinese territorial... integrity. Non-recognition-as a corollary of these treaties came to be known variously as the Stimson, the Hoover-Stimson or the Hoover doctrine."Richard N. Current, "The Stimson Doctrine and The Hoover Doctrine," 1954 3. The influence of the Stimson Doctrine caused which action that alienated Japan from the world community?

isolationism in the 1930s

"In the field of national policy, the fundamental trouble with America has been, and is, that whereas their nation became in the twentieth century the most powerful and most vital nation in the world, nevertheless Americans were unable to accommodate themselves spiritually and practically to that fact. Hence they have failed to play their part as a world power—a failure which has had disastrous consequences for themselves and for all mankind. And the cure is this: to accept wholeheartedly our duty and our opportunity as the most powerful and vital nation in the world and in consequence to exert upon the world the full impact of our influence, for such purposes as we see fit and by such means as we see fit."Henry R. Luce, "The American Century," Life, February 1941. 11. Luce's remarks were most clearly an attack on America's?

Wilson's support of the League of Nations

"In the field of national policy, the fundamental trouble with America has been, and is, that whereas their nation became in the twentieth century the most powerful and most vital nation in the world, nevertheless Americans were unable to accommodate themselves spiritually and practically to that fact. Hence they have failed to play their part as a world power—a failure which has had disastrous consequences for themselves and for all mankind. And the cure is this: to accept wholeheartedly our duty and our opportunity as the most powerful and vital nation in the world and in consequence to exert upon the world the full impact of our influence, for such purposes as we see fit and by such means as we see fit."Henry R. Luce, "The American Century," Life, February 1941. 12. Which of the following American actions prior to Luce's comments most closely aligns with his position?

shared sacrifice

14. Rationing was based on which of the following principles?

tear down the twin pillars of democracy

14. The cartoonist is critical of FDR for trying to?

The women's rights movement of the 19th century

14. The ideas expressed in the cartoon above most dearly show the influence of which the following prior events?

The dominant American role in the Allied victory and postwar peace settlements following World War II

"In the field of national policy, the fundamental trouble with America has been, and is, that whereas their nation became in the twentieth century the most powerful and most vital nation in the world, nevertheless Americans were unable to accommodate themselves spiritually and practically to that fact. Hence they have failed to play their part as a world power—a failure which has had disastrous consequences for themselves and for all mankind. And the cure is this: to accept wholeheartedly our duty and our opportunity as the most powerful and vital nation in the world and in consequence to exert upon the world the full impact of our influence, for such purposes as we see fit and by such means as we see fit."Henry R. Luce, "The American Century," Life, February 1941. 13. Which of the following factors most strongly contributed to the realization of the goals outlined in the excerpt above?

Great Society

"In the field of racial equality, where there was no crisis as in economics... there was no "new deal..." the permanent caste structure remained unaltered by the kind of innovations that at least threatened the traditional edifice in economics. The white South was left, as it had been since the Compromise of 1877, to deal with Negroes as it chose-by murder, by beatings, by ruthless exclusion from political and economic life; the Fourteenth Amendment waited as fruitlessly for executive enforcement as it had in all earlier administrations since Grant.... The warm belief in equal rights held by Eleanor Roosevelt, as well as FDR himself... could have led to important accomplishments but the clear goal of ending segregation, as with comparable objectives in economics, was never established."Howard Zinn, "Middle-Class America Refurbished," 1966 10. The passage above points to a fundamental difference between the New Deal and which other reform movement over the issue of civil rights?

Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

"In the field of racial equality, where there was no crisis as in economics... there was no "new deal..." the permanent caste structure remained unaltered by the kind of innovations that at least threatened the traditional edifice in economics. The white South was left, as it had been since the Compromise of 1877, to deal with Negroes as it chose-by murder, by beatings, by ruthless exclusion from political and economic life; the Fourteenth Amendment waited as fruitlessly for executive enforcement as it had in all earlier administrations since Grant.... The warm belief in equal rights held by Eleanor Roosevelt, as well as FDR himself... could have led to important accomplishments but the clear goal of ending segregation, as with comparable objectives in economics, was never established."Howard Zinn, "Middle-Class America Refurbished," 1966 11. Zinn laments the fact that the 14th Amendment was not used to end segregation and this would not occur until which Supreme Court case unanimously overthrew the "separate but equal doctrine"?

caste structure

"In the field of racial equality, where there was no crisis as in economics... there was no "new deal..." the permanent caste structure remained unaltered by the kind of innovations that at least threatened the traditional edifice in economics. The white South was left, as it had been since the Compromise of 1877, to deal with Negroes as it chose-by murder, by beatings, by ruthless exclusion from political and economic life; the Fourteenth Amendment waited as fruitlessly for executive enforcement as it had in all earlier administrations since Grant.... The warm belief in equal rights held by Eleanor Roosevelt, as well as FDR himself... could have led to important accomplishments but the clear goal of ending segregation, as with comparable objectives in economics, was never established."Howard Zinn, "Middle-Class America Refurbished," 1966 12. Where the New Deal innovations threatened the elaborate social structure and foundation of the economy the edifice that remained untouched was the?

The attacks on supply lines by German submarines in the Atlantic

"It has been said, times without number, that if Hitler cannot cross the English Channel he cannot cross three thousand miles of sea. But there is only one reason why he has not crossed the English Channel. That is because forty-five million determined Britons, in a heroic resistance, have converted their island into a armed base, from which proceeds a steady stream of sea and air power. As Secretary Hull has said: "It is not the water that bars the way. It is the resolute determination of British arms. Were the control of the seas by Britain lost, the Atlantic would no longer be an obstacle-rather, it would become a broad highway for a conqueror moving westward."-The New York Times, April 30, 1941 10. At the time this excerpt was published, which of the following was the most pressing problem faced by the British?

President Franklin Roosevelt

"It has been said, times without number, that if Hitler cannot cross the English Channel he cannot cross three thousand miles of sea. But there is only one reason why he has not crossed the English Channel. That is because forty-five million determined Britons, in a heroic resistance, have converted their island into a armed base, from which proceeds a steady stream of sea and air power. As Secretary Hull has said: "It is not the water that bars the way. It is the resolute determination of British arms. Were the control of the seas by Britain lost, the Atlantic would no longer be an obstacle-rather, it would become a broad highway for a conqueror moving westward."-The New York Times, April 30, 1941 11. Who of the following would most likely support the sentiments found in this excerpt?

Passing the Lend-Lease Act

"It has been said, times without number, that if Hitler cannot cross the English Channel he cannot cross three thousand miles of sea. But there is only one reason why he has not crossed the English Channel. That is because forty-five million determined Britons, in a heroic resistance, have converted their island into a armed base, from which proceeds a steady stream of sea and air power. As Secretary Hull has said: "It is not the water that bars the way. It is the resolute determination of British arms. Were the control of the seas by Britain lost, the Atlantic would no longer be an obstacle-rather, it would become a broad highway for a conqueror moving westward."-The New York Times, April 30, 1941 9. Which of the following would the author(s) of this excerpt most likely support?

Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson

14. This cartoon refers to the election of 1912 in which the bull, or in this case the bull moose symbol is being skewered by the professor. Who are the two presidential opponents represented by the bull moose and the professor?

Continued racial tension culminating in inner-city riots in the 1960s

14. Which of the following events expresses a continuation of the impact of the migration illustrated in the map?

wood

15. Items that were subject to rationing included all of the following EXCEPT?

His disagreement with other African American writers and intellectuals concerning the most appropriate way to depict and represent his fellow African Americans

"Let... the bellowing voice of Bessie Smith singing the Blues penetrate the closed ears of the colored near intellectuals until they listen and perhaps understand. Let... Rudolph Fisher writing about the streets of Harlem cause the smug Negro middle class to catch a glimmer of their own beauty. We younger Negro artists who create now intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, it doesn't matter. We know we are beautiful. And ugly too. If colored people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, their displeasure doesn't matter either. We build our temples for tomorrow, strong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain, free within ourselves. -Langston Hughes, The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain," The Nation, 1926 12. What most likely prompted Langston Hughes to write the words in the excerpt?

Americans, white and black, who celebrated all of the writers and artists of the Harlem Renaissance

"Let... the bellowing voice of Bessie Smith singing the Blues penetrate the closed ears of the colored near intellectuals until they listen and perhaps understand. Let... Rudolph Fisher writing about the streets of Harlem cause the smug Negro middle class to catch a glimmer of their own beauty. We younger Negro artists who create now intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, it doesn't matter. We know we are beautiful. And ugly too. If colored people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, their displeasure doesn't matter either. We build our temples for tomorrow, strong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain, free within ourselves. -Langston Hughes, The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain," The Nation, 1926 13. Which of the following were most offended and most critical of the views expressed by Langston Hughes in this essay?

One of the distinctive forms of African American culture represented by such songs

"Let... the bellowing voice of Bessie Smith singing the Blues penetrate the closed ears of the colored near intellectuals until they listen and perhaps understand. Let... Rudolph Fisher writing about the streets of Harlem cause the smug Negro middle class to catch a glimmer of their own beauty. We younger Negro artists who create now intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, it doesn't matter. We know we are beautiful. And ugly too. If colored people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, their displeasure doesn't matter either. We build our temples for tomorrow, strong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain, free within ourselves. -Langston Hughes, The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain," The Nation, 1926 14. Langston Hughes chose the example of Bessie Smith singing the blues primarily because he wished to call attention to?

the 1960s by advocates of Black Power and "Black Is Beautiful"

"Let... the bellowing voice of Bessie Smith singing the Blues penetrate the closed ears of the colored near intellectuals until they listen and perhaps understand. Let... Rudolph Fisher writing about the streets of Harlem cause the smug Negro middle class to catch a glimmer of their own beauty. We younger Negro artists who create now intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, it doesn't matter. We know we are beautiful. And ugly too. If colored people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, their displeasure doesn't matter either. We build our temples for tomorrow, strong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain, free within ourselves. -Langston Hughes, The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain," The Nation, 1926 15. The sentiments expressed by Langston Hughes in the previous passage were later amplified and popularized in?

ideologue

"Of all American presidents, Herbert Hoover was the most single mindedly committed to a system of beliefs. His pragmatism was well hidden, and what there was of it emerged only after great prodding from events... his... principles of individualism ... prevented his sanctioning federal relief to the unemployed, [and] dictated the tone and content of his veto of the bill to create a government corporation to operate Muscle Shoals. The government... should not compete with private enterprise.... enterprises should be 'administered by the people... responsible to their own communities. Directing them solely for the benefit of their communities not for the purpose of social theories or national politics. Any other course deprives them of liberty."'Carl N. Degler, "The Ordeal of Herbert Hoover," 1963 13. The description of Herbert Hoover in the passage above infers that he was a (an)?

TVA

"Of all American presidents, Herbert Hoover was the most single mindedly committed to a system of beliefs. His pragmatism was well hidden, and what there was of it emerged only after great prodding from events... his... principles of individualism ... prevented his sanctioning federal relief to the unemployed, [and] dictated the tone and content of his veto of the bill to create a government corporation to operate Muscle Shoals. The government... should not compete with private enterprise.... enterprises should be 'administered by the people... responsible to their own communities. Directing them solely for the benefit of their communities not for the purpose of social theories or national politics. Any other course deprives them of liberty."'Carl N. Degler, "The Ordeal of Herbert Hoover," 1963 14. The government corporation that was created under FDR at Muscle Shoals was the?

Great Depression

"Of all American presidents, Herbert Hoover was the most single mindedly committed to a system of beliefs. His pragmatism was well hidden, and what there was of it emerged only after great prodding from events... his... principles of individualism ... prevented his sanctioning federal relief to the unemployed, [and] dictated the tone and content of his veto of the bill to create a government corporation to operate Muscle Shoals. The government... should not compete with private enterprise.... enterprises should be 'administered by the people... responsible to their own communities. Directing them solely for the benefit of their communities not for the purpose of social theories or national politics. Any other course deprives them of liberty."'Carl N. Degler, "The Ordeal of Herbert Hoover," 1963 15. As President, Herbert Hoover was known for his inability to deal with which problem because of his ideology?

The Democrats putting to death the Progressive Party

15. The lances from the picadors already piercing the hide of the Bull Moose are labeled "Investigations, Campaign Contributions, Political Deals, Tariff Questions" and the finishing touch is the sword. What is all of this trying to represent?

NRA & AAA

15. The two New Deal agencies that the court had declared unconstitutional in the Schechter and Butler cases that especially enraged FDR were the?

Germany's violations of U.S. neutral rights

"On the first of February, we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this it is our intention to keep neutral the United States of America. "If this attempt is not successful we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: that we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to re-conquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas and Arizona. The details are left for your settlement."-Arthur Zimmermann , German Foreign Minister, January 19, 1917 11. Which of the following does this excerpt support as the primary cause of the U.S. declaration of war in April 1917?

expressed nationalist anger against Germany

"On the first of February, we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this it is our intention to keep neutral the United States of America. "If this attempt is not successful we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: that we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to re-conquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas and Arizona. The details are left for your settlement."-Arthur Zimmermann , German Foreign Minister, January 19, 1917 12. When the Zimmermann message was made public, many people in the United States?

War of 1812

"On the first of February, we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this it is our intention to keep neutral the United States of America. "If this attempt is not successful we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: that we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to re-conquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas and Arizona. The details are left for your settlement."-Arthur Zimmermann , German Foreign Minister, January 19, 1917 13. The issue of freedom of the seas in World War I most closely resembles the cause of which of the following conflicts?

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

"On the land question the Populist demands distinctly foreshadowed conservation. 'The land,' according to the Omaha declaration, 'including all the natural resources of wealth, is the heritage of all the people and should not be monopolized for speculative purposes....' This one time dangerous Populist doctrine has now won all but universal acceptance. It would thus appear that much of the Populist program has found favor in the eyes of later generations. Populist plans for altering the machinery of government with but few exceptions have been carried into effect.... William Allen White wrote recently, 'They abolished the established order completely and ushered in a new order.' Thanks to this triumph of Populist principles, one may almost say that in so far as political devices can insure it, the people now rule." John D. Hicks, "The Persistence of Populism," 1931 5. Which of the following government agencies in the late 20th and early 21st century represent a continuation of the ideas described in the passage above?

19th Amendment to the Constitution

"On the land question the Populist demands distinctly foreshadowed conservation. 'The land,' according to the Omaha declaration, 'including all the natural resources of wealth, is the heritage of all the people and should not be monopolized for speculative purposes....' This one time dangerous Populist doctrine has now won all but universal acceptance. It would thus appear that much of the Populist program has found favor in the eyes of later generations. Populist plans for altering the machinery of government with but few exceptions have been carried into effect.... William Allen White wrote recently, 'They abolished the established order completely and ushered in a new order.' Thanks to this triumph of Populist principles, one may almost say that in so far as political devices can insure it, the people now rule." John D. Hicks, "The Persistence of Populism," 1931 6. Hick's assertion that "the people now rule" is best supported by which of the following?

was favored by later generations

"On the land question the Populist demands distinctly foreshadowed conservation. 'The land,' according to the Omaha declaration, 'including all the natural resources of wealth, is the heritage of all the people and should not be monopolized for speculative purposes....' This one time dangerous Populist doctrine has now won all but universal acceptance. It would thus appear that much of the Populist program has found favor in the eyes of later generations. Populist plans for altering the machinery of government with but few exceptions have been carried into effect.... William Allen White wrote recently, 'They abolished the established order completely and ushered in a new order.' Thanks to this triumph of Populist principles, one may almost say that in so far as political devices can insure it, the people now rule." John D. Hicks, "The Persistence of Populism," 1931 7. The passage above asserts that the Populist movement proved to be a success because it?

yellow peril

"Organized groups like the Asiatic Exclusion League, backed by labor unions and otherwise "progressive forces," advocated the segregation of all Asian children in San Francisco schools. With newspapers conducting inflammatory anti-Japanese campaigns... there were boycotts waged against Japanese-owned restaurants and frequent attacks on Japanese individuals in the city. On October 11, 1906, the San Francisco Board of Education ordered .all Japanese and Korean school children to join the Chinese, who were already segregated. This action caused an uproar in Japan and led to the unprecedented involvement of a U.S. president-Theodore Roosevelt-in local San Francisco politics. Roosevelt considered the anti_ Asian California legislators and politicians, "idiots" and was genuinely concerned that San Francisco's inept handling of its Japanese school children might bring Japan (which had just defeated the Russians) and the U.S. to the brink of war."Frederik L. Schodt, The Four Immigrants Manga, 1999 10. The reasons for the segregation of Asians in San Francisco schools was part of a movement or attitude called the?

Know Nothings

"Organized groups like the Asiatic Exclusion League, backed by labor unions and otherwise "progressive forces," advocated the segregation of all Asian children in San Francisco schools. With newspapers conducting inflammatory anti-Japanese campaigns... there were boycotts waged against Japanese-owned restaurants and frequent attacks on Japanese individuals in the city. On October 11, 1906, the San Francisco Board of Education ordered .all Japanese and Korean school children to join the Chinese, who were already segregated. This action caused an uproar in Japan and led to the unprecedented involvement of a U.S. president-Theodore Roosevelt-in local San Francisco politics. Roosevelt considered the anti_ Asian California legislators and politicians, "idiots" and was genuinely concerned that San Francisco's inept handling of its Japanese school children might bring Japan (which had just defeated the Russians) and the U.S. to the brink of war."Frederik L. Schodt, The Four Immigrants Manga, 1999 11. Historically, a tradition of xenophobia had been established exemplified by the ideas of which earlier mid 19th century political group?

Gentlemen's Agreement

"Organized groups like the Asiatic Exclusion League, backed by labor unions and otherwise "progressive forces," advocated the segregation of all Asian children in San Francisco schools. With newspapers conducting inflammatory anti-Japanese campaigns... there were boycotts waged against Japanese-owned restaurants and frequent attacks on Japanese individuals in the city. On October 11, 1906, the San Francisco Board of Education ordered .all Japanese and Korean school children to join the Chinese, who were already segregated. This action caused an uproar in Japan and led to the unprecedented involvement of a U.S. president-Theodore Roosevelt-in local San Francisco politics. Roosevelt considered the anti_ Asian California legislators and politicians, "idiots" and was genuinely concerned that San Francisco's inept handling of its Japanese school children might bring Japan (which had just defeated the Russians) and the U.S. to the brink of war."Frederik L. Schodt, The Four Immigrants Manga, 1999 12. The Japanese-San Francisco school board crisis was eventually solved by which of the following?

relieving unemployment

"Our greatest primary cask is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our natural resources."-Excerpt from Franklin Roosevelt's first Inaugural Speech, 1932 7. When Franklin Roosevelt became president in 1932, his most daunting task was?

Expanding America's overseas empire to import more raw materials

"Our greatest primary cask is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our natural resources."-Excerpt from Franklin Roosevelt's first Inaugural Speech, 1932 8. Which of the following was not a major goal of the New Deal?

Congress could not use taxes to regulate any sector of the economy

"Our greatest primary cask is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our natural resources."-Excerpt from Franklin Roosevelt's first Inaugural Speech, 1932 9. The Supreme Court ruled the Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional on the grounds that?

Social Darwinism

"Perhaps the most striking alteration in American thought which the depression fostered concerned the role of government in the economy. Buffeted and bewildered by the economic debacle, the American people in the course of the 1930's abandoned, once and for all, the doctrine of laissez faire. This beau ideal of the nineteenth century economists had become, ever since the days of Jackson, an increasingly cherished shibboleth of Americans. But now it was almost casually discarded. It is true that the rejection of laissez faire had a long history; certainly the Populists worked to undermine it. But with the depression the nation at large accepted the government as a permanent influence in the economy...."Carl Degler, Out of Our Past, 1959 1. By discarding laissez faire the United States was abandoning which philosophy that had dominated the country since the post-bellum 19th century?

Progressives

"Perhaps the most striking alteration in American thought which the depression fostered concerned the role of government in the economy. Buffeted and bewildered by the economic debacle, the American people in the course of the 1930's abandoned, once and for all, the doctrine of laissez faire. This beau ideal of the nineteenth century economists had become, ever since the days of Jackson, an increasingly cherished shibboleth of Americans. But now it was almost casually discarded. It is true that the rejection of laissez faire had a long history; certainly the Populists worked to undermine it. But with the depression the nation at large accepted the government as a permanent influence in the economy...."Carl Degler, Out of Our Past, 1959 2. Besides the Populist another group not mentioned that worked to undermine some aspects of laissez faire at the tum of the century were the?

Great Depression

"Perhaps the most striking alteration in American thought which the depression fostered concerned the role of government in the economy. Buffeted and bewildered by the economic debacle, the American people in the course of the 1930's abandoned, once and for all, the doctrine of laissez faire. This beau ideal of the nineteenth century economists had become, ever since the days of Jackson, an increasingly cherished shibboleth of Americans. But now it was almost casually discarded. It is true that the rejection of laissez faire had a long history; certainly the Populists worked to undermine it. But with the depression the nation at large accepted the government as a permanent influence in the economy...."Carl Degler, Out of Our Past, 1959 3. The economic debacle that "buffeted and bewildered" Americans in the 1930s was the?

The role of "Rosie the Riveters" in the war effort helped lead to the expansion of jobs for women

15. Though some "Rosie the Riveters" left their jobs to return to homemaking following World War II, the number of U.S. women who worked outside the home rose steadily during the 1950s and 1960s. Based on this fact, which of the following conclusions can be drawn?

New Deal

"Perhaps the most striking alteration in American thought which the depression fostered concerned the role of government in the economy. Buffeted and bewildered by the economic debacle, the American people in the course of the 1930's abandoned, once and for all, the doctrine of laissez faire. This beau ideal of the nineteenth century economists had become, ever since the days of Jackson, an increasingly cherished shibboleth of Americans. But now it was almost casually discarded. It is true that the rejection of laissez faire had a long history; certainly the Populists worked to undermine it. But with the depression the nation at large accepted the government as a permanent influence in the economy...."Carl Degler, Out of Our Past, 1959 4. The program that led to the dismantling of the "beau ideal" of 19th century economists is called the?

Control inflation caused by shortages of consumer goods

"Rationing is a vital part of your country's war effort. Any attempt to violate the rules is an effort to deny someone his share and will create hardship and help the enemy. This book is our Government' s assurance of your right to buy your fair share of certain goods made scare by war. Price ceilings have also been established for your protection. Dealers must post these prices conspicuously. Don't pay more. Give you whole support to rationing and thereby conserve our vital goods. Be guided by the rule: "If you don't need it, DON'T BUY IT.""IMPORTANT: When you used your ration, salvage the TIN CANS and WASTE FATS. They are needed to make munitions for our fighting men. Cooperate with your local Salvage Committee."-War Ration Books 3 and 4, Office of Price Administration, 1943 12. Which of the following was the primary economic purpose for the rationing program found in the above document?

Industrial production was essential to successful modem warfare and it required an effort by the entire nation

"Rationing is a vital part of your country's war effort. Any attempt to violate the rules is an effort to deny someone his share and will create hardship and help the enemy. This book is our Government' s assurance of your right to buy your fair share of certain goods made scare by war. Price ceilings have also been established for your protection. Dealers must post these prices conspicuously. Don't pay more. Give you whole support to rationing and thereby conserve our vital goods. Be guided by the rule: "If you don't need it, DON'T BUY IT.""IMPORTANT: When you used your ration, salvage the TIN CANS and WASTE FATS. They are needed to make munitions for our fighting men. Cooperate with your local Salvage Committee."-War Ration Books 3 and 4, Office of Price Administration, 1943 13. Which of the following best explains the campaign behind the above government documents?

a revolution is not possible when the typical American has such a favorable opinion of the rich

"Revolution ... is not for the United States. Revolution requires temper, and America is without temper. He turns on the radio and listens to the mouthings of Amos 'n' Andy. He can smile at a jest while his children fed in public schools at the expense, often, of inadequately paid school-teachers .... He can even grow enthusiastic over bootleg whiskey. He can argue that the depression hits the rich and poor alike.... As simple as a Russian peasant, in his intellectual process, he insists on an easy, simplified, quick scheme... for reconstruction. Utterly uneducated, he is ready to jump to irrational conclusions.... He believes today that political magic will save him.... As long as every American believes that he has as many chances as John D. Rockefeller to become a millionaire ... he will not become a revolutionist."George Sokolsky, "Will Revolution Come," 1932 4. From the context of the passage above it is clear that the author feels?

African slaves

"Revolution ... is not for the United States. Revolution requires temper, and America is without temper. He turns on the radio and listens to the mouthings of Amos 'n' Andy. He can smile at a jest while his children fed in public schools at the expense, often, of inadequately paid school-teachers .... He can even grow enthusiastic over bootleg whiskey. He can argue that the depression hits the rich and poor alike.... As simple as a Russian peasant, in his intellectual process, he insists on an easy, simplified, quick scheme... for reconstruction. Utterly uneducated, he is ready to jump to irrational conclusions.... He believes today that political magic will save him.... As long as every American believes that he has as many chances as John D. Rockefeller to become a millionaire ... he will not become a revolutionist."George Sokolsky, "Will Revolution Come," 1932 5. Which group in an earlier time period had an attitude that was similar to what Sokolsky is describing?

challenging generally accepted standards, norms, criteria, and customs

"Surely part of the reason why young women seemed so much more interested in their private affairs and the pursuit of pleasure after 1920 was precisely because the adventure had gone out of what had been for a generation or more almost traditional activities. As long as going to college, joining a woman's club, working for the vote or participating in the social justice movement called for a certain boldness, and at least a mild taste for adventure, the best and bravest young women were moved to service. When these activities became tame and routine, they ceased to be outlets for spirited youth. Adventure was... in struggling against not social problems but social conventions. Drinking, smoking, dancing, sexual novelties, daring literature, and avante-garde society now filled the vacuum created by the collapse of social feminism."William L. O'Neill, Everyone Was Brave: A History of Feminism in America, 1969 10. From the passage above the author seems to be saying that once women solved serious social problems and women' s issues, the sense of adventure was passed and they turned to?

ratification of the 19th Amendment

"Surely part of the reason why young women seemed so much more interested in their private affairs and the pursuit of pleasure after 1920 was precisely because the adventure had gone out of what had been for a generation or more almost traditional activities. As long as going to college, joining a woman's club, working for the vote or participating in the social justice movement called for a certain boldness, and at least a mild taste for adventure, the best and bravest young women were moved to service. When these activities became tame and routine, they ceased to be outlets for spirited youth. Adventure was... in struggling against not social problems but social conventions. Drinking, smoking, dancing, sexual novelties, daring literature, and avante-garde society now filled the vacuum created by the collapse of social feminism."William L. O'Neill, Everyone Was Brave: A History of Feminism in America, 1969 11. It can be inferred that O'Neill believes the social feminist greatest accomplishment that led to their undoing was the?

W.E.B. DuBois and the Niagara Movement

15. Which of the following sociopolitical leaders and their associated institution of the African_ American community emerged during the time of the Great Migration?

Flapper

"Surely part of the reason why young women seemed so much more interested in their private affairs and the pursuit of pleasure after 1920 was precisely because the adventure had gone out of what had been for a generation or more almost traditional activities. As long as going to college, joining a woman's club, working for the vote or participating in the social justice movement called for a certain boldness, and at least a mild taste for adventure, the best and bravest young women were moved to service. When these activities became tame and routine, they ceased to be outlets for spirited youth. Adventure was... in struggling against not social problems but social conventions. Drinking, smoking, dancing, sexual novelties, daring literature, and avante-garde society now filled the vacuum created by the collapse of social feminism."William L. O'Neill, Everyone Was Brave: A History of Feminism in America, 1969 12. From the militant suffragettes before the war young women had morphed into which social type in the 1920s interested in drinking, smoking, dancing, and sex?

Isolationists

"That Americans were increasingly fearful of the Germans and Japanese is shown by their willingness to accept the Roosevelt administration's bold support of Britain. Neither public opinion nor Congress prevented the President from doing what he thought was demanded by Britain's plight, even when it involved using the Navy to patrol the North Atlantic in league with the British Navy... Roosevelt's meeting in August, 1941, with Churchill... to write the Atlantic Charter and to agree on postwar aims was undoubtedly the most unneutral act ever committed by a professed neutral. Yet the Atlantic meeting aroused surprisingly little hostile sentiment except among a small group. The country, in short, was accepting the idea of support of Britain short of war..."Carl N. Degler, Out of Our Past, 1984Carl N. Degler, Out of Our Past, 3rd ed., (New York: HarperPerennial, 1984). 4. Which of the following groups most opposed the actions of President Roosevelt described above?

the mass mobilization of American society for war

"That Americans were increasingly fearful of the Germans and Japanese is shown by their willingness to accept the Roosevelt administration's bold support of Britain. Neither public opinion nor Congress prevented the President from doing what he thought was demanded by Britain's plight, even when it involved using the Navy to patrol the North Atlantic in league with the British Navy... Roosevelt's meeting in August, 1941, with Churchill... to write the Atlantic Charter and to agree on postwar aims was undoubtedly the most unneutral act ever committed by a professed neutral. Yet the Atlantic meeting aroused surprisingly little hostile sentiment except among a small group. The country, in short, was accepting the idea of support of Britain short of war..."Carl N. Degler, Out of Our Past, 1984Carl N. Degler, Out of Our Past, 3rd ed., (New York: HarperPerennial, 1984). 5. One consequence of the change in Americans' attitudes toward Germany and Japan described in the excerpt above was?

America played a dominant role in the Allied victory and postwar peace settlements

"That Americans were increasingly fearful of the Germans and Japanese is shown by their willingness to accept the Roosevelt administration's bold support of Britain. Neither public opinion nor Congress prevented the President from doing what he thought was demanded by Britain's plight, even when it involved using the Navy to patrol the North Atlantic in league with the British Navy... Roosevelt's meeting in August, 1941, with Churchill... to write the Atlantic Charter and to agree on postwar aims was undoubtedly the most unneutral act ever committed by a professed neutral. Yet the Atlantic meeting aroused surprisingly little hostile sentiment except among a small group. The country, in short, was accepting the idea of support of Britain short of war..."Carl N. Degler, Out of Our Past, 1984Carl N. Degler, Out of Our Past, 3rd ed., (New York: HarperPerennial, 1984). 6. Which of the following most likely resulted from the policy described in the passage above?

was ready to take the oath of office as President

"The American experiment in self-government was now facing what was, excepting the Civil War, its greatest test.... And through [out] the world the free way of life was in retreat.... Thirty-three days before... while Franklin Roosevelt celebrated his fifty-first birthday ... one hundred thousand massed Storm Troopers and National Socialist marched through the darkened streets of Berlin... waving swastika banners... Many had deserted freedom, many more had lost their nerve. But Roosevelt, armored in some inner faith, remained calm and inscrutable, confident that American improvisation could meet the future on its own terms.... He was calm and unafraid ... the collapse of the older order meant catharsis, rather than catastrophe... [the] crisis could change from calamity to challenge. The only thing America had to fear was fear itself."Arthur Schlesinger Jr., The Crisis of the Old Order, 1957 1. The passage above is written as Franklin Roosevelt?

Fascist and totalitarian governments taking over countries in Europe

"The American experiment in self-government was now facing what was, excepting the Civil War, its greatest test.... And through [out] the world the free way of life was in retreat.... Thirty-three days before... while Franklin Roosevelt celebrated his fifty-first birthday ... one hundred thousand massed Storm Troopers and National Socialist marched through the darkened streets of Berlin... waving swastika banners... Many had deserted freedom, many more had lost their nerve. But Roosevelt, armored in some inner faith, remained calm and inscrutable, confident that American improvisation could meet the future on its own terms.... He was calm and unafraid ... the collapse of the older order meant catharsis, rather than catastrophe... [the] crisis could change from calamity to challenge. The only thing America had to fear was fear itself."Arthur Schlesinger Jr., The Crisis of the Old Order, 1957 2. The phrase "many had deserted freedom" was a reference to?

solving the economic problems of the Great Depression

"The American experiment in self-government was now facing what was, excepting the Civil War, its greatest test.... And through [out] the world the free way of life was in retreat.... Thirty-three days before... while Franklin Roosevelt celebrated his fifty-first birthday ... one hundred thousand massed Storm Troopers and National Socialist marched through the darkened streets of Berlin... waving swastika banners... Many had deserted freedom, many more had lost their nerve. But Roosevelt, armored in some inner faith, remained calm and inscrutable, confident that American improvisation could meet the future on its own terms.... He was calm and unafraid ... the collapse of the older order meant catharsis, rather than catastrophe... [the] crisis could change from calamity to challenge. The only thing America had to fear was fear itself."Arthur Schlesinger Jr., The Crisis of the Old Order, 1957 3. The "greatest test" that Schlesinger was alluding to was?

Scopes Monkey Trial

6. The civil trial in 1925 that divided the nation between the two religious factions and their respective stand on evolution is called the?

Creation of the League of Nations

"The President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister... met together... (and) make known... their hopes for a better future...First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other;Second, ... no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples...;Third,... all right of all peoples to choose [their form of government...;Fourth,... access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world...;Fifth,... the fullest [economic] collaboration between all nations...;Sixth,... after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny,... freedom from fear and want;Seventh,... traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance;Eighth,... the establishment of a... permanent system of general security, [and] disarmament..." -The Atlantic Charter, 1941 4. Which of the following events of the early 20th century most clearly represents a continuation of the ideas illustrated in the passage?

Finding acceptable ways to pursue international and domestic goals

"The President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister... met together... (and) make known... their hopes for a better future...First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other;Second, ... no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples...;Third,... all right of all peoples to choose [their form of government...;Fourth,... access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world...;Fifth,... the fullest [economic] collaboration between all nations...;Sixth,... after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny,... freedom from fear and want;Seventh,... traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance;Eighth,... the establishment of a... permanent system of general security, [and] disarmament..." -The Atlantic Charter, 1941 5. The ideas expressed in the passage most directly reflect which of the following continuities in United States History?

Decolonization movements in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East

"The President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister... met together... (and) make known... their hopes for a better future...First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other;Second, ... no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples...;Third,... all right of all peoples to choose [their form of government...;Fourth,... access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world...;Fifth,... the fullest [economic] collaboration between all nations...;Sixth,... after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny,... freedom from fear and want;Seventh,... traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance;Eighth,... the establishment of a... permanent system of general security, [and] disarmament..." -The Atlantic Charter, 1941 6. Which of the following actions of the late 20th century most clearly reflects the perspective of the passage?

The Allied victory over the Axis powers

"The President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister... met together... (and) make known... their hopes for a better future...First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other;Second, ... no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples...;Third,... all right of all peoples to choose [their form of government...;Fourth,... access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world...;Fifth,... the fullest [economic] collaboration between all nations...;Sixth,... after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny,... freedom from fear and want;Seventh,... traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance;Eighth,... the establishment of a... permanent system of general security, [and] disarmament..." -The Atlantic Charter, 1941 7. The actions referred to in the previous passage most directly contributed to which of the following?

Farm income fell from $11.4 billion in 1929 to $6.3 billion in 1932

"The farmers are being pauperized by the poverty of industrial populations and the industrial populations are being pauperized by the poverty of the farmers. Neither has the money to buy the product of the other, hence we have overproduction and under consumption at the same time and in the same country."I have not come here to stir you in a recital of the necessity for relief for our suffering fellow citizens. However, unless something is done for them and done soon, you will have a revolution on hand. . . ."There is a feeling among the masses that something is radically wrong. . . . they say that this government is a conspiracy against the common people to enrich the already rich."-Oscar Ameringer, editor of the Oklahoma Daily Leader, testimony to the House Committee on Labor, February, 1932 14. Which of the following most directly supports the author's analysis?

Social Darwinism

6. The superiority of America over the stereotype of the uncivilized Filipino was a part of the U.S. philosophy of?

improvement in the economy lasted until 1938 when a sharp downturn occurred that was especially severe with the rise of unemployment and the fall in manufacturing

6. Using the chart an economic observation that could be supported by the data is?

14 Points

"The President of the United States... and the Prime Minister, Mr. Churchill, representing His Majesty's Government... to make known certain common... policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world. First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other; Second, they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned; Third, they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live;... Fourth,... access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their economic prosperity; Fifth, they desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field...; Sixth, after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries ... [and} may live out their lives in, freedom from fear and want; Seventh, such a peace should enable all men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance; Eighth, they believe that all of the nations of the world,... must come to the abandonment of the use of force. Since no future peace can be maintained if land, sea or air armaments continue... disarmament of such nations is essential. They will ... encourage... peace-loving peoples [to end] the crushing burden of armaments."Atlantic Charter, [Churchill's edited copy] 1941 4. The Atlantic Charter was similar to which earlier document in U.S. history?

United Nations

"The President of the United States... and the Prime Minister, Mr. Churchill, representing His Majesty's Government... to make known certain common... policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world. First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other; Second, they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned; Third, they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live;... Fourth,... access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their economic prosperity; Fifth, they desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field...; Sixth, after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries ... [and} may live out their lives in, freedom from fear and want; Seventh, such a peace should enable all men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance; Eighth, they believe that all of the nations of the world,... must come to the abandonment of the use of force. Since no future peace can be maintained if land, sea or air armaments continue... disarmament of such nations is essential. They will ... encourage... peace-loving peoples [to end] the crushing burden of armaments."Atlantic Charter, [Churchill's edited copy] 1941 5. The Atlantic Charter was the basis of which subsequent international organization?

The war aims of the allied nations in World War II

"The President of the United States... and the Prime Minister, Mr. Churchill, representing His Majesty's Government... to make known certain common... policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world. First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other; Second, they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned; Third, they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live;... Fourth,... access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their economic prosperity; Fifth, they desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field...; Sixth, after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries ... [and} may live out their lives in, freedom from fear and want; Seventh, such a peace should enable all men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance; Eighth, they believe that all of the nations of the world,... must come to the abandonment of the use of force. Since no future peace can be maintained if land, sea or air armaments continue... disarmament of such nations is essential. They will ... encourage... peace-loving peoples [to end] the crushing burden of armaments."Atlantic Charter, [Churchill's edited copy] 1941 6. The eight points of the Atlantic Charter established which of the following?

The exodus of Okies from the Dust Bowl to California

"The cars of the migrant people crawled out of the side roads onto the great cross-country highway, and they took the migrant way to the West. In the daylight they scuttled like bugs to the westward; and as the dark caught them, they clustered like bugs near to shelter and to water. And because they were lonely and perplexed, because they had all come from a place of sadness and worry and defeat, and because they were all going to a new mysterious place, they huddled together; they talked together; they shared their lives, their food, and they things they hoped for in the new country."-The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, chapter 17 4. The phenomenon described in the excerpt from The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck is best described by which of the following?

They were looking for work as they escaped the impact of the Great Depression on their hometown

"The cars of the migrant people crawled out of the side roads onto the great cross-country highway, and they took the migrant way to the West. In the daylight they scuttled like bugs to the westward; and as the dark caught them, they clustered like bugs near to shelter and to water. And because they were lonely and perplexed, because they had all come from a place of sadness and worry and defeat, and because they were all going to a new mysterious place, they huddled together; they talked together; they shared their lives, their food, and they things they hoped for in the new country."-The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, chapter 17 5. Which of the following best describes the motivation for the move made by the migrant people described in the Steinbeck excerpt?

Twenty-five percent of the workforce was unemployed

"The farmers are being pauperized by the poverty of industrial populations and the industrial populations are being pauperized by the poverty of the farmers. Neither has the money to buy the product of the other, hence we have overproduction and under consumption at the same time and in the same country."I have not come here to stir you in a recital of the necessity for relief for our suffering fellow citizens. However, unless something is done for them and done soon, you will have a revolution on hand. . . ."There is a feeling among the masses that something is radically wrong. . . . they say that this government is a conspiracy against the common people to enrich the already rich."-Oscar Ameringer, editor of the Oklahoma Daily Leader, testimony to the House Committee on Labor, February, 1932 15. Which of the following was most directly related to the phrase in the testimony "the necessity for relief for our suffering fellow citizens"?

Treatment of the Bonus Marchers

"The farmers are being pauperized by the poverty of industrial populations and the industrial populations are being pauperized by the poverty of the farmers. Neither has the money to buy the product of the other, hence we have overproduction and under consumption at the same time and in the same country."I have not come here to stir you in a recital of the necessity for relief for our suffering fellow citizens. However, unless something is done for them and done soon, you will have a revolution on hand. . . ."There is a feeling among the masses that something is radically wrong. . . . they say that this government is a conspiracy against the common people to enrich the already rich."-Oscar Ameringer, editor of the Oklahoma Daily Leader, testimony to the House Committee on Labor, February, 1932 16. Which of the following would most likely support a belief that the government was "against the common people"?

Social Gospel

"The general sanitary investigation of 1912 included 45 cities of the State, and covered 1,338 industrial establishments, . . . 125,961 wage-earners , . . employed . . . in the different industries of the State . . .Laws Passed as a Result of the Commission's Second Year's Work [1913] : 1. Reorganization of Labor Department... 5. Fire escapes and exits; limitation of ' number of occupants; . . . 7. Prohibition of employment of children under fourteen, in cannery sheds or tenement houses; 8. Physical examination of children employed in factories . . . 11. Night work of women in factories. 12. Seats for women in factoriesThe enactment of these laws marked a .new era in labor legislationÉ It placed the State of New York in the lead in legislation for the protection of wage earners... -Fourth Report' of the Factory Investigating Commission, 1915, page 5 13. Which of the following terms most clearly relates to the goals of the work described in the passage?

New Deal

"The general sanitary investigation of 1912 included 45 cities of the State, and covered 1,338 industrial establishments, . . . 125,961 wage-earners , . . employed . . . in the different industries of the State . . .Laws Passed as a Result of the Commission's Second Year's Work [1913] : 1. Reorganization of Labor Department... 5. Fire escapes and exits; limitation of ' number of occupants; . . . 7. Prohibition of employment of children under fourteen, in cannery sheds or tenement houses; 8. Physical examination of children employed in factories . . . 11. Night work of women in factories. 12. Seats for women in factoriesThe enactment of these laws marked a .new era in labor legislationÉ It placed the State of New York in the lead in legislation for the protection of wage earners... -Fourth Report' of the Factory Investigating Commission, 1915, page 5 14. Which of the following movements from the 1930s most clearly parallels the ideas of the passage?

Urban political machines and Progressive reformers

"The general sanitary investigation of 1912 included 45 cities of the State, and covered 1,338 industrial establishments, . . . 125,961 wage-earners , . . employed . . . in the different industries of the State . . .Laws Passed as a Result of the Commission's Second Year's Work [1913] : 1. Reorganization of Labor Department... 5. Fire escapes and exits; limitation of ' number of occupants; . . . 7. Prohibition of employment of children under fourteen, in cannery sheds or tenement houses; 8. Physical examination of children employed in factories . . . 11. Night work of women in factories. 12. Seats for women in factoriesThe enactment of these laws marked a .new era in labor legislationÉ It placed the State of New York in the lead in legislation for the protection of wage earners... -Fourth Report' of the Factory Investigating Commission, 1915, page 5 15. The actions in the previous passage were most likely the result of an alliance between which of the following?

Debates over the .proper degree of government activism

"The general sanitary investigation of 1912 included 45 cities of the State, and covered 1,338 industrial establishments, . . . 125,961 wage-earners , . . employed . . . in the different industries of the State . . .Laws Passed as a Result of the Commission's Second Year's Work [1913] :1. Reorganization of Labor Department...5. Fire escapes and exits; limitation of ' number of occupants; . . .7. Prohibition of employment of children under fourteen, in cannery sheds or tenement houses; 8. Physical examination of children employed in factories . . .11. Night work of women in factories. 12. Seats for women in factoriesThe enactment of these laws marked a .new era in labor legislationÉ It placed the State of New York in the lead in legislation for the protection of wage earners...-Fourth Report' of the Factory Investigating Commission, 1915, page 5 16. The actions in the previous passage most '-clearly reflect which of the following continuities in United States history?

women can do most production jobs better than men

"The mass production industries never like the idea of employing women.... [But] experience is proving to the plant manager that a woman can do almost all of the jobs he thought were exclusively masculine. But he does run into limitations on heavy lifting... and here he begins to... fit the job to the worker instead of the worker to the job, The fact that... a woman can lift only a little more than half as much as a man is cancelled if a woman is given a mechanical hoist to lift the work up to her. Once the work is in place she will do the job as well as a man-better if it is routine, monotonous, repetitive, painstaking, and intricate, as most production jobs are.... The differences between men and women are not only physical they are psychological and social as well."G. Mezerak , "The Factory Manager Learns the Facts of Life," 1943 7. One conclusion that can be drawn from the passage above is that?

America First Committee

6. Which of the following groups would most likely support the perspective of this cartoon?

GNP

7. All of the following economic indicators had a greater value in 1941 than they did in 1929 EXCEPT?

US immigrants

7. Which of the following groups at the time would have most likely supported the sentiment shown in the photograph above?

there was a labor shortage of men who had gone to war

"The mass production industries never like the idea of employing women.... [But] experience is proving to the plant manager that a woman can do almost all of the jobs he thought were exclusively masculine. But he does run into limitations on heavy lifting... and here he begins to... fit the job to the worker instead of the worker to the job, The fact that... a woman can lift only a little more than half as much as a man is cancelled if a woman is given a mechanical hoist to lift the work up to her. Once the work is in place she will do the job as well as a man-better if it is routine, monotonous, repetitive, painstaking, and intricate, as most production jobs are.... The differences between men and women are not only physical they are psychological and social as well."G. Mezerak , "The Factory Manager Learns the Facts of Life," 1943 8. The reason that women moved into the mass production industries by 1943 is that?

fitting the job to the worker by using mechanical devices

"The mass production industries never like the idea of employing women.... [But] experience is proving to the plant manager that a woman can do almost all of the jobs he thought were exclusively masculine. But he does run into limitations on heavy lifting... and here he begins to... fit the job to the worker instead of the worker to the job, The fact that... a woman can lift only a little more than half as much as a man is cancelled if a woman is given a mechanical hoist to lift the work up to her. Once the work is in place she will do the job as well as a man-better if it is routine, monotonous, repetitive, painstaking, and intricate, as most production jobs are.... The differences between men and women are not only physical they are psychological and social as well."G. Mezerak , "The Factory Manager Learns the Facts of Life," 1943 9. Managers were able to solve the issue of women not being able to lift as much weight as men by?

arguing to expand the role of the United States in the world

"The peace-loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to those violations of treaties and those ignorings of humane instincts which today are creating a state of international anarchy and instability from which there is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality."Those who cherish their freedom and recognize and respect the equal right of their neighbors to be free and live in peace, must work together for the triumph of law and moral principles in order that peace, justice and confidence may prevail in the world. There must be a return to a belief in the pledged word, in the value of a signed treaty. There must be recognition of the fact that national morality is as vital as private morality."President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine Speech, 1937 7. The ideas expressed in the excerpt differed from the prevailing United States approach to foreign policy issues primarily in that Roosevelt was?

overcome opposition to participation in the impending Second World War

"The peace-loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to those violations of treaties and those ignorings of humane instincts which today are creating a state of international anarchy and instability from which there is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality."Those who cherish their freedom and recognize and respect the equal right of their neighbors to be free and live in peace, must work together for the triumph of law and moral principles in order that peace, justice and confidence may prevail in the world. There must be a return to a belief in the pledged word, in the value of a signed treaty. There must be recognition of the fact that national morality is as vital as private morality."President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine Speech, 1937 8. The excerpt best reflects an effort by Roosevelt to?

United States membership in an international peacekeeping body

"The peace-loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to those violations of treaties and those ignorings of humane instincts which today are creating a state of international anarchy and instability from which there is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality."Those who cherish their freedom and recognize and respect the equal right of their neighbors to be free and live in peace, must work together for the triumph of law and moral principles in order that peace, justice and confidence may prevail in the world. There must be a return to a belief in the pledged word, in the value of a signed treaty. There must be recognition of the fact that national morality is as vital as private morality."President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine Speech, 1937 9. Which of the following best represents continuity in the years after 1945 with the ideas that Roosevelt expressed in the excerpt?

placed restrictions on immigration by national origin, ethnicity, and race

"The system of quotas... was the first major pillar of the Immigration Act of 1924. The second provided for the exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship.... Ineligibility to citizenship and exclusion applied to the peoples of all the nations of East and South Asia. Nearly all Asians had already been excluded from immigration.... The exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship in 1924... completed Asiatic exclusion.. . . Moreover, it codified the principle of racial exclusion into the main body of American immigration and naturalization law."Mae M. Ngai, historian, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, 2004 14. The Immigration Act of 1924 produced highly discriminatory results because it?

social tensions emerging from the First World War

"The system of quotas... was the first major pillar of the Immigration Act of 1924. The second provided for the exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship.... Ineligibility to citizenship and exclusion applied to the peoples of all the nations of East and South Asia. Nearly all Asians had already been excluded from immigration.... The exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship in 1924... completed Asiatic exclusion.. . . Moreover, it codified the principle of racial exclusion into the main body of American immigration and naturalization law."Mae M. Ngai, historian, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, 2004 15. The Immigration Act of 1924 most directly reflected?

Census data showing the changing percentages of the foreign-born population from 1920 to 1930

"The system of quotas... was the first major pillar of the Immigration Act of 1924. The second provided for the exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship.... Ineligibility to citizenship and exclusion applied to the peoples of all the nations of East and South Asia. Nearly all Asians had already been excluded from immigration.... The exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship in 1924... completed Asiatic exclusion.. . . Moreover, it codified the principle of racial exclusion into the main body of American immigration and naturalization law."Mae M. Ngai, historian, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, 2004 16. Which of the following evidence would best support Ngai's argument in the excerpt?

Nye Committee

7. Which of the following most directly contributed to the perspective of this cartoon?

a negative one according to the Europeans

"The traditionalists frowned, complained, and sighed about the "Americanization" of Europe. America, like its films, was all brilliant energy and no substance. The nation was a gross contradiction in terms, they said. Against the mindless patriotism of Americans should be set a physical disunity of the country; against the architectural grandeur of New York, that city's incredible filth; against the prudery and puritanism of America, her criminality and indecent sexuality; against the humanism of her ideals; her racism and lynchings, against the piety of her religion, the burlesque of her Bible-thumping evangelists. The adjectives and similes that the British and French had reserved for Germans were now redirected at Americans."Modris Eksteins, Rites of Spring: The Great War and The Birth of the Modern Age, 2000 12. According to the passage above the impact that America had on Europe because of the close proximity they had with each other in World War I was?

contradictions that are a part of the United States

"The traditionalists frowned, complained, and sighed about the "Americanization" of Europe. America, like its films, was all brilliant energy and no substance. The nation was a gross contradiction in terms, they said. Against the mindless patriotism of Americans should be set a physical disunity of the country; against the architectural grandeur of New York, that city's incredible filth; against the prudery and puritanism of America, her criminality and indecent sexuality; against the humanism of her ideals; her racism and lynchings, against the piety of her religion, the burlesque of her Bible-thumping evangelists. The adjectives and similes that the British and French had reserved for Germans were now redirected at Americans."Modris Eksteins, Rites of Spring: The Great War and The Birth of the Modern Age, 2000 13. Much of the passage above demonstrates?

sacrificed men and money in helping western Europe in WWI

"The traditionalists frowned, complained, and sighed about the "Americanization" of Europe. America, like its films, was all brilliant energy and no substance. The nation was a gross contradiction in terms, they said. Against the mindless patriotism of Americans should be set a physical disunity of the country; against the architectural grandeur of New York, that city's incredible filth; against the prudery and puritanism of America, her criminality and indecent sexuality; against the humanism of her ideals; her racism and lynchings, against the piety of her religion, the burlesque of her Bible-thumping evangelists. The adjectives and similes that the British and French had reserved for Germans were now redirected at Americans."Modris Eksteins, Rites of Spring: The Great War and The Birth of the Modern Age, 2000 14. The rather negative view of Americans by Europeans was written after the United States had?

American Exceptionalism

"The traditionalists frowned, complained, and sighed about the "Americanization" of Europe. America, like its films, was all brilliant energy and no substance. The nation was a gross contradiction in terms, they said. Against the mindless patriotism of Americans should be set a physical disunity of the country; against the architectural grandeur of New York, that city's incredible filth; against the prudery and puritanism of America, her criminality and indecent sexuality; against the humanism of her ideals; her racism and lynchings, against the piety of her religion, the burlesque of her Bible-thumping evangelists. The adjectives and similes that the British and French had reserved for Germans were now redirected at Americans."Modris Eksteins, Rites of Spring: The Great War and The Birth of the Modern Age, 2000 15. The ideas expressed about America in the excerpt would be most opposed by advocates of?

The transition of the United States from a rural, agricultural society to an urban, industrial one

"The year of the massacre at Wounded Knee, 1890, it was officially declared by the Bureau of the Census that the internal frontier was closed. The profit system, with its natural tendency for expansion, had already begun to look overseas. The severe depression that began in 1893 strengthened an idea developing with the political and financial elite of the country: that overseas markets for American goods might relieve the problem of underconsumption at home and prevent the economic crises that in the 1890s brought class war."Howard Zinn, "A People's History of the United States, 1492-Present," 1995Howard Zinn, A People's History of the United States (New York: Harper Perennial, 1995), 290. 10. What factor most influenced "the tendency for expansion" noted in Zinn's passage above?

The acquisition of island territories by the United States

"The year of the massacre at Wounded Knee, 1890, it was officially declared by the Bureau of the Census that the internal frontier was closed. The profit system, with its natural tendency for expansion, had already begun to look overseas. The severe depression that began in 1893 strengthened an idea developing with the political and financial elite of the country: that overseas markets for American goods might relieve the problem of underconsumption at home and prevent the economic crises that in the 1890s brought class war."Howard Zinn, "A People's History of the United States, 1492-Present," 1995Howard Zinn, A People's History of the United States (New York: Harper Perennial, 1995), 290. 9. Which of the following events in the late 19th and early 20th centuries resulted from the idea described in the passage above?

Great Depression

"They used to tell me I was building a dream And so I followed the mobWhen there was earth to plow or guns to bearI was always there right on the jobThey used to tell me I was building a dream With peace and glory aheadWhy should I be standing in line Just waiting for breadOnce I built a railroad, I made it run Made it race against timeOnce I built a railroad, now it's doneBrother, can you spare a dimeOnce I built a tower up to the sunBrick and rivet and limeOnce I built a tower, now it's done Brother, can you spare a dime?Once in khaki suits, gee we looked swellFull of that Yankee-Doodly-dumHalf a million boots went slogging through HellAnd I was the kid with the drumSay, don't you remember, they called me "Al"It was "Al" all the timeWhy don't you remember, I'm your palSay buddy, can you spare a dime"E.Y. Yip Harburg, "Brother, Can You Spare A Dime," 1931 6. The lyrics to this song describe conditions during the?

Korean War

"They used to tell me I was building a dream And so I followed the mobWhen there was earth to plow or guns to bearI was always there right on the jobThey used to tell me I was building a dream With peace and glory aheadWhy should I be standing in line Just waiting for breadOnce I built a railroad, I made it run Made it race against timeOnce I built a railroad, now it's doneBrother, can you spare a dimeOnce I built a tower up to the sunBrick and rivet and limeOnce I built a tower, now it's done Brother, can you spare a dime?Once in khaki suits, gee we looked swellFull of that Yankee-Doodly-dumHalf a million boots went slogging through HellAnd I was the kid with the drumSay, don't you remember, they called me "Al"It was "Al" all the timeWhy don't you remember, I'm your palSay buddy, can you spare a dime"E.Y. Yip Harburg, "Brother, Can You Spare A Dime," 1931 7. Once in khaki suits, gee we looked swell. Full of that Yankee-Doodly-dum. Half a million boots went slogging through Hell. And I was the kid with the drum. The preceding lyrics from the song are a reference to:

1983-1988

"They used to tell me I was building a dream And so I followed the mobWhen there was earth to plow or guns to bearI was always there right on the jobThey used to tell me I was building a dream With peace and glory aheadWhy should I be standing in line Just waiting for breadOnce I built a railroad, I made it run Made it race against timeOnce I built a railroad, now it's doneBrother, can you spare a dimeOnce I built a tower up to the sunBrick and rivet and limeOnce I built a tower, now it's done Brother, can you spare a dime?Once in khaki suits, gee we looked swellFull of that Yankee-Doodly-dumHalf a million boots went slogging through HellAnd I was the kid with the drumSay, don't you remember, they called me "Al"It was "Al" all the timeWhy don't you remember, I'm your palSay buddy, can you spare a dime"E.Y. Yip Harburg, "Brother, Can You Spare A Dime," 1931 8. The conditions described in the "Brother Can You Spare a Dime" song closely resemble which economic time period in the U.S.?

opposition to racial discrimination

"Though Franklin himself never tried to discourage me and was undisturbed by anything I wanted to say or do, other people were frequently less happy about my actions. I knew, for instance, that many of my racial beliefs and activities in the field of social work caused . . . grave concern. They were afraid that I would hurt my husband politically and socially, and I imagine they thought I was doing many things without Franklin's knowledge and agreement. On occasion they blew up to him and to other people. I knew it at the time, but there was no use in my trying to explain, because our basic values were very different"-Eleanor Roosevelt, This I Remember, 1949 4. Eleanor Roosevelt expressed the most independence from President Franklin Roosevelt and his advisers in her?

Southern Democrats

"Though Franklin himself never tried to discourage me and was undisturbed by anything I wanted to say or do, other people were frequently less happy about my actions. I knew, for instance, that many of my racial beliefs and activities in the field of social work caused . . . grave concern. They were afraid that I would hurt my husband politically and socially, and I imagine they thought I was doing many things without Franklin's knowledge and agreement. On occasion they blew up to him and to other people. I knew it at the time, but there was no use in my trying to explain, because our basic values were very different"-Eleanor Roosevelt, This I Remember, 1949 5. The excerpt suggests that Eleanor Roosevelt knew that her positions could most harm her husband's standing with which of the following groups?

Progressives were a diverse group who supported various reforms

"To be sure, much of progressivism was exclusionary. Yet we can now recognize not a singular political persuasion, but rather a truly plural set of progressivisms, with workers, African Americans, women, and even Native Americans-along with a diverse and contentious set of middling folk-taking up the language and ideas of what was once conceived of as an almost entirely white, male, middle-class movement. As for the dreams of democracy from the period: despite the frequent blindness of those who embodied them, they remain bold, diverse, and daring. It is for this reason that democratic political theorists . . . have looked so longingly at the active citizenship of the Progressive Era, seeking ways to rekindle the democratic impulses of a century ago."-Robert D. Johnston, historian, "The Possibilities of Politics," 2011 3. Which of the following interpretations of progressivism would most likely support this excerpt?

Progressives did little to end the segregation of African Americans

"To be sure, much of progressivism was exclusionary. Yet we can now recognize not a singular political persuasion, but rather a truly plural set of progressivisms, with workers, African Americans, women, and even Native Americans-along with a diverse and contentious set of middling folk-taking up the language and ideas of what was once conceived of as an almost entirely white, male, middle-class movement. As for the dreams of democracy from the period: despite the frequent blindness of those who embodied them, they remain bold, diverse, and daring. It is for this reason that democratic political theorists . . . have looked so longingly at the active citizenship of the Progressive Era, seeking ways to rekindle the democratic impulses of a century ago."-Robert D. Johnston, historian, "The Possibilities of Politics," 2011 4. Which of the following would most directly support the argument that Progressives were "exclusionary"?

The direct election of senators

"To be sure, much of progressivism was exclusionary. Yet we can now recognize not a singular political persuasion, but rather a truly plural set of progressivisms, with workers, African Americans, women, and even Native Americans-along with a diverse and contentious set of middling folk-taking up the language and ideas of what was once conceived of as an almost entirely white, male, middle-class movement. As for the dreams of democracy from the period: despite the frequent blindness of those who embodied them, they remain bold, diverse, and daring. It is for this reason that democratic political theorists . . . have looked so longingly at the active citizenship of the Progressive Era, seeking ways to rekindle the democratic impulses of a century ago."-Robert D. Johnston, historian, "The Possibilities of Politics," 2011 5. Which of the following Progressive reforms most directly promoted "active citizenship"?

Social Darwinism

"To the Americans and the British...Western supremacy meant Anglo-American supremacy.... Right thinking men believed that 'assimilation'-everyone agreed that imperialism was an ugly word-was an economic opportunity, a moral duty, [and] God's will.... President McKinley, the kindest of men, believed there was more to expansion than that it was the least we could do for less fortunate people. On the question of annexing the Philippines, he had prayed to God for guidance, and it came to him in the night: 'there was nothing left to do but to take them all and to educate the Filipinos and uplift and Christianize them and by God's grace to do the very best we could by them as our fellowmen for whom Christ also died.' So it was with a sense of moral obligation... that McKinley undertook his [duties]... as leader of a new America."Walter Lord, The Good Years: From 1900 to the First World War, 1960 13. The superiority expressed in the passage above was based on which philosophy of the late 19th and early 20th century?

Duty to Christianize the Filipinos

"To the Americans and the British...Western supremacy meant Anglo-American supremacy.... Right thinking men believed that 'assimilation'-everyone agreed that imperialism was an ugly word-was an economic opportunity, a moral duty, [and] God's will.... President McKinley, the kindest of men, believed there was more to expansion than that it was the least we could do for less fortunate people. On the question of annexing the Philippines, he had prayed to God for guidance, and it came to him in the night: 'there was nothing left to do but to take them all and to educate the Filipinos and uplift and Christianize them and by God's grace to do the very best we could by them as our fellowmen for whom Christ also died.' So it was with a sense of moral obligation... that McKinley undertook his [duties]... as leader of a new America."Walter Lord, The Good Years: From 1900 to the First World War, 1960 14. Which of the following opinions is the LEAST accurate and does NOT reflect Filipino life in 1900?

Religious

"To the Americans and the British...Western supremacy meant Anglo-American supremacy.... Right thinking men believed that 'assimilation'-everyone agreed that imperialism was an ugly word-was an economic opportunity, a moral duty, [and] God's will.... President McKinley, the kindest of men, believed there was more to expansion than that it was the least we could do for less fortunate people. On the question of annexing the Philippines, he had prayed to God for guidance, and it came to him in the night: 'there was nothing left to do but to take them all and to educate the Filipinos and uplift and Christianize them and by God's grace to do the very best we could by them as our fellowmen for whom Christ also died.' So it was with a sense of moral obligation... that McKinley undertook his [duties]... as leader of a new America."Walter Lord, The Good Years: From 1900 to the First World War, 1960 15. The sentiments expressed by President McKinley regarding what to do about the Philippines came primarily from which historical frame of reference?

began on the local and state levels before becoming national

"We believe that God created both man and woman in His own image, and, therefore, we believe in one standard of purity for both men and women, and in equal rights of all to hold opinions and to express the same with equal freedom. "We believe in a living wage; in an eight hour day; in courts of conciliation and arbitration; in justice as opposed to greed of gain; in 'peace on earth and goodwill to men.'"We therefore formulate and, for ourselves, adopt the following pledge, asking our sisters and brothers of a common danger and a common hope to make common cause with us in working its reason able and helpful precepts into the practice of everyday life:"I hereby solemnly promise, God helping me, to abstain from all distilled, fermented, and malt liquors, including wine, beer, and cider, and to employ all proper means to discourage the use of and traffic in the same."-National Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Annual Leaflet, 1902 10. The Prohibition movement was similar to other Progressive reforms because it?

appealed to a varied constituency of reformers

"We believe that God created both man and woman in His own image, and, therefore, we believe in one standard of purity for both men and women, and in equal rights of all to hold opinions and to express the same with equal freedom. "We believe in a living wage; in an eight hour day; in courts of conciliation and arbitration; in justice as opposed to greed of gain; in 'peace on earth and goodwill to men.'"We therefore formulate and, for ourselves, adopt the following pledge, asking our sisters and brothers of a common danger and a common hope to make common cause with us in working its reason able and helpful precepts into the practice of everyday life:"I hereby solemnly promise, God helping me, to abstain from all distilled, fermented, and malt liquors, including wine, beer, and cider, and to employ all proper means to discourage the use of and traffic in the same."-National Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Annual Leaflet, 1902 9. The above excerpt most directly reflects that the temperance movement?

William Jennings Bryan

"We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. . . ."We earnestly condemn the policy of the present national administration in the Philippines. It seeks to extinguish the spirit of 1776 in those islands.. . . We denounce the slaughter of the Filipinos as a needless horror. We protest against the extension of American sovereignty by Spanish methods. We demand the immediate cessation of the war against liberty, begun by Spain and continued by us. We urge that Congress be promptly convened to announce to the Filipinos our purpose to concede to them the independence for which they have so long fought and which of right is theirs."-Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League, October 17, 1899 13. The leader most closely associated with the viewpoint in this excerpt was?

The provisions of the peace treaty ending the Spanish-American War

"We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. . . ."We earnestly condemn the policy of the present national administration in the Philippines. It seeks to extinguish the spirit of 1776 in those islands.. . . We denounce the slaughter of the Filipinos as a needless horror. We protest against the extension of American sovereignty by Spanish methods. We demand the immediate cessation of the war against liberty, begun by Spain and continued by us. We urge that Congress be promptly convened to announce to the Filipinos our purpose to concede to them the independence for which they have so long fought and which of right is theirs."-Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League, October 17, 1899 14. Which of the following most directly contributed to the anti-imperialist sentiments expressed in the excerpt?

President Wilson's signing of the Jones Act in 1916

"We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. . . ."We earnestly condemn the policy of the present national administration in the Philippines. It seeks to extinguish the spirit of 1776 in those islands.. . . We denounce the slaughter of the Filipinos as a needless horror. We protest against the extension of American sovereignty by Spanish methods. We demand the immediate cessation of the war against liberty, begun by Spain and continued by us. We urge that Congress be promptly convened to announce to the Filipinos our purpose to concede to them the independence for which they have so long fought and which of right is theirs."-Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League, October 17, 1899 15. Which of the following represents a policy that the authors of the excerpt would most likely support?

Harlem Renaissance movement

"We younger Negro artists who create now intend to express our dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased, we are glad. If they are not, it doesn't matter. We know we are beautiful. And ugly too. The tom-tom cries and the tom-tom laughs. If colored people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, their displeasure doesn't matter either. We build our temples for tomorrow, strong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain, free within ourselves."Langston Hughes, "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain," 1926Langston Hughes, "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain," The Nation, June 23, 1926. 7. The sentiments expressed in the quotation above are best understood in the context of the?

economic opportunities created by the demands of World War I

"We younger Negro artists who create now intend to express our dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased, we are glad. If they are not, it doesn't matter. We know we are beautiful. And ugly too. The tom-tom cries and the tom-tom laughs. If colored people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, their displeasure doesn't matter either. We build our temples for tomorrow, strong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain, free within ourselves."Langston Hughes, "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain," 1926Langston Hughes, "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain," The Nation, June 23, 1926. 8. The "Great Migration" out of the South by many African Americans during World War I was most immediately the result of?

Noninvolvement in European affairs

"With a profound sense of the solemn and even tragical character of the step I am taking and of the grave responsibilities which it involves, but in unhesitating obedience to what I deem my constitutional duty, I advise that the Congress declare the recent course of the Imperial German Government to be in fact nothing less than war against the... United States; that it formally accept the status of belligerent which has thus been thrust upon it... Neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable where the peace of the world is involved and the freedom of its peoples, and the menace to that peace and freedom lies in the existence of autocratic governments... not by the will of their people. We shall, happily, still have an opportunity to prove that friendship... towards the millions of men and women of German birth and native sympathy, who live amongst us... and we shall be proud to prove it towards all who are in fact loyal to their neighbors and to the Government... They are, most of them, as true and loyal Americans as if they had never known any other... allegiance. If there should be disloyalty, it will be dealt with a firm hand of stern repression..."Woodrow Wilson, Address to Congress's War, April 2, 1917Woodrow Wilson, War Messages, 65th Cong., 1st Sess. Senate Doc. No. 5, Serial No. 7264, Washington, D.C., 1917. 7. In the excerpt above, President Wilson signaled a willingness to abandon which long-held American policy?

Restrictions on freedom of speech

"With a profound sense of the solemn and even tragical character of the step I am taking and of the grave responsibilities which it involves, but in unhesitating obedience to what I deem my constitutional duty, I advise that the Congress declare the recent course of the Imperial German Government to be in fact nothing less than war against the... United States; that it formally accept the status of belligerent which has thus been thrust upon it... Neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable where the peace of the world is involved and the freedom of its peoples, and the menace to that peace and freedom lies in the existence of autocratic governments... not by the will of their people. We shall, happily, still have an opportunity to prove that friendship... towards the millions of men and women of German birth and native sympathy, who live amongst us... and we shall be proud to prove it towards all who are in fact loyal to their neighbors and to the Government... They are, most of them, as true and loyal Americans as if they had never known any other... allegiance. If there should be disloyalty, it will be dealt with a firm hand of stern repression..."Woodrow Wilson, Address to Congress's War, April 2, 1917Woodrow Wilson, War Messages, 65th Cong., 1st Sess. Senate Doc. No. 5, Serial No. 7264, Washington, D.C., 1917. 8. Which of the following took place during World War I in response to Wilson's assurance made at the end of the excerpt above?

the Social Security Act passed by Congress is not adequate to the needs of the elderly

8. The cartoon above is trying to suggest that?

Impact of severe business cycle fluctuation

8. Which change in American society most directly led to the situation described in the poster?

Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

8. Which of the following Bill of Rights would most directly support the sentiments expressed in the photograph above?

Charles Lindbergh

8. Which of the following public figures was a leading spokesperson for the perspective of this cartoon?

The defense of humanitarian and democratic principles

"With a profound sense of the solemn and even tragical character of the step I am taking and of the grave responsibilities which it involves, but in unhesitating obedience to what I deem my constitutional duty, I advise that the Congress declare the recent course of the Imperial German Government to be in fact nothing less than war against the... United States; that it formally accept the status of belligerent which has thus been thrust upon it... Neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable where the peace of the world is involved and the freedom of its peoples, and the menace to that peace and freedom lies in the existence of autocratic governments... not by the will of their people. We shall, happily, still have an opportunity to prove that friendship... towards the millions of men and women of German birth and native sympathy, who live amongst us... and we shall be proud to prove it towards all who are in fact loyal to their neighbors and to the Government... They are, most of them, as true and loyal Americans as if they had never known any other... allegiance. If there should be disloyalty, it will be dealt with a firm hand of stern repression..."Woodrow Wilson, Address to Congress's War, April 2, 1917Woodrow Wilson, War Messages, 65th Cong., 1st Sess. Senate Doc. No. 5, Serial No. 7264, Washington, D.C., 1917. 9. Which foreign policy approach is most consistent with the sentiments expressed by Wilson in the excerpt above?

Settlement houses

"With the advent of Progressivism, the strategy of consensus bore fruit. The suffragists had already defined the vote for women as a means of humanizing government, and in a period of generalized commitment to "reform," they were able to identify their own cause with the larger effort to extend democracy and eliminate social injustice. Progressivism ...represented an effort to clean up the most obvious causes of corruption, disease, and poverty... suffragists argued convincingly that extension of the franchise to females would help in the task of improving society... the society at large defined the goals of Progressivism, ... the suffragists succeeded in making the vote for women a prominent item on the agenda of reform."William Henry Chafe, The American Woman: Her Changing Social, Economic, and Political Roles, 1920-1970, 1972 11. Which of the following activities from the late 19th century closely resembles the agenda of reform that is alluded to in the passage?

Getting rid of vice, gambling, and prostitution by eradicating red-light districts

"With the advent of Progressivism, the strategy of consensus bore fruit. The suffragists had already defined the vote for women as a means of humanizing government, and in a period of generalized commitment to "reform," they were able to identify their own cause with the larger effort to extend democracy and eliminate social injustice. Progressivism ...represented an effort to clean up the most obvious causes of corruption, disease, and poverty... suffragists argued convincingly that extension of the franchise to females would help in the task of improving society... the society at large defined the goals of Progressivism, ... the suffragists succeeded in making the vote for women a prominent item on the agenda of reform."William Henry Chafe, The American Woman: Her Changing Social, Economic, and Political Roles, 1920-1970, 1972 12. Which of the following movements supported by the suffragetts as well as the progressives represented an effort to clean up disease and poverty in the cities?

granting the right to vote to women

"With the advent of Progressivism, the strategy of consensus bore fruit. The suffragists had already defined the vote for women as a means of humanizing government, and in a period of generalized commitment to "reform," they were able to identify their own cause with the larger effort to extend democracy and eliminate social injustice. Progressivism ...represented an effort to clean up the most obvious causes of corruption, disease, and poverty... suffragists argued convincingly that extension of the franchise to females would help in the task of improving society... the society at large defined the goals of Progressivism, ... the suffragists succeeded in making the vote for women a prominent item on the agenda of reform."William Henry Chafe, The American Woman: Her Changing Social, Economic, and Political Roles, 1920-1970, 1972 13. Suffragettes hitched their wagon to Progressivism by arguing that society could be improved by?

Muckrakers

"Worst of any, however, were the fertilizer men, and those who served in the cooking rooms. These people could not be shown to the visitor- for the odor of a fertilizer man would scare any ordinary visitor at a hundred yards, and as for other men, who worked in tank rooms full of steam, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting -sometimes they would be over_ looked for days, till all but the bones of them has gone out to the world as Durham's Pure Leaf Lard!"-Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906 6. The above excerpt is most closely associated with which sector of the Progressive movement?

Meat Inspection Act

"Worst of any, however, were the fertilizer men, and those who served in the cooking rooms. These people could not be shown to the visitor- for the odor of a fertilizer man would scare any ordinary visitor at a hundred yards, and as for other men, who worked in tank rooms full of steam, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting -sometimes they would be over_ looked for days, till all but the bones of them has gone out to the world as Durham's Pure Leaf Lard!"-Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906 7. The Jungle directly contributed to the passage of the?

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

"Worst of any, however, were the fertilizer men, and those who served in the cooking rooms. These people could not be shown to the visitor- for the odor of a fertilizer man would scare any ordinary visitor at a hundred yards, and as for other men, who worked in tank rooms full of steam, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting -sometimes they would be over_ looked for days, till all but the bones of them has gone out to the world as Durham's Pure Leaf Lard!"-Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906 8. Upton Sinclair's Jungle was primarily concerned about working conditions. Which of the following most directly helped organized labor?

Demonstrators were justified in their concerns about Sacco and Vanzetti

9. Fifty years after the execution of Sacco and Vanzetti, then Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis declared that the two men had not been given a fair trial. Given this fact, what conclusion can be drawn about the protest demonstration depicted in the photograph?

Dr. Francis Townsend's Plan for Old Age Pensions

9. The idea for the Old Age Insurance part of the Social Security Act came from which of the following?

Hawaii

"Yesterday, December 7, 1941-a date which will live in infamy-the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.... bombing... the American island of Oahu.... The United States was at peace with that nation,... it [is] obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time the Japanese Government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.... Yesterday the Japanese Government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong,... Guam... the Philippine Islands..., Wake Island. And this morning the Japanese attacked Midway Island.... I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire."Franklin Roosevelt, "Day of Infamy," December 8, .1941 1. The main Japanese attack took place in which territorial possession of the United States?

Isolationism

"Yesterday, December 7, 1941-a date which will live in infamy-the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.... bombing... the American island of Oahu.... The United States was at peace with that nation,... it [is] obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time the Japanese Government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.... Yesterday the Japanese Government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong,... Guam... the Philippine Islands..., Wake Island. And this morning the Japanese attacked Midway Island.... I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire."Franklin Roosevelt, "Day of Infamy," December 8, .1941 2. This action by Japan would end which powerful group's strong influence on American foreign policy?

all the wars going on in Europe, Asia, and the Pacific Islands would be combined into one war-World War II

"Yesterday, December 7, 1941-a date which will live in infamy-the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.... bombing... the American island of Oahu.... The United States was at peace with that nation,... it [is] obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time the Japanese Government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.... Yesterday the Japanese Government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong,... Guam... the Philippine Islands..., Wake Island. And this morning the Japanese attacked Midway Island.... I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire."Franklin Roosevelt, "Day of Infamy," December 8, .1941 3. As a result of the Japanese "sneak" attack on Pearl Harbor and other Pacific possessions?

it had broken the Japanese code and knew an attack was forthcoming

"Yesterday, December 7, 1941-a date which will live in infamy-the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.... bombing... the American island of Oahu.... The United States was at peace with that nation,... it [is] obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time the Japanese Government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.... Yesterday the Japanese Government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong,... Guam... the Philippine Islands..., Wake Island. And this morning the Japanese attacked Midway Island.... I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire."Franklin Roosevelt, "Day of Infamy," December 8, .1941 4. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise only because of its location as the U.S. expected an attack because?

episodes of market and credit instability

"[Franklin] Roosevelt locked one group out of his honeymoon suite. The bankers and financiers, the rhetorical devils of his presidential campaign, were now resented or hated by millions of Americans. Even Hoover placed much of the blame for the stock market crash on speculation and poor banking ethics.The Emergency Banking Act provided for the inspection of banks and certification of soundness before reopening. It may have saved the private banking system. The subsequent Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 provided for Federal Reserve regulation of bank investments and created a Federal Depositors Insurance Corporation to insure small depositors, all of which strengthened banks and gave protection to the most innocent depositors."Paul K. Conkin, The New Deal, 1992Paul K. Conkin, The New Deal (Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1992), 46-47. 1. The reforms described in the excerpt above were most directly a response to?

make society and individuals more secure

"[Franklin] Roosevelt locked one group out of his honeymoon suite. The bankers and financiers, the rhetorical devils of his presidential campaign, were now resented or hated by millions of Americans. Even Hoover placed much of the blame for the stock market crash on speculation and poor banking ethics.The Emergency Banking Act provided for the inspection of banks and certification of soundness before reopening. It may have saved the private banking system. The subsequent Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 provided for Federal Reserve regulation of bank investments and created a Federal Depositors Insurance Corporation to insure small depositors, all of which strengthened banks and gave protection to the most innocent depositors."Paul K. Conkin, The New Deal, 1992Paul K. Conkin, The New Deal (Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1992), 46-47. 2. The primary goal of the legislation described in the excerpt above was to?

laissez-faire capitalism

"[Franklin] Roosevelt locked one group out of his honeymoon suite. The bankers and financiers, the rhetorical devils of his presidential campaign, were now resented or hated by millions of Americans. Even Hoover placed much of the blame for the stock market crash on speculation and poor banking ethics.The Emergency Banking Act provided for the inspection of banks and certification of soundness before reopening. It may have saved the private banking system. The subsequent Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 provided for Federal Reserve regulation of bank investments and created a Federal Depositors Insurance Corporation to insure small depositors, all of which strengthened banks and gave protection to the most innocent depositors."Paul K. Conkin, The New Deal, 1992Paul K. Conkin, The New Deal (Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1992), 46-47. 3. The policies illustrated in excerpt above were most clearly contrary to?

the traditional attitude in the U.S was a deeply conservative one

"[President Warren G.] Harding capitalized on an immense feeling of nostalgia for the years before the war, for the days when life was simpler. In a speech,... in Boston, Harding caught the spirit of the country in urging a return to 'not heroism, but healing, not nostroms, but normalcy,' thereby coining a word and defining a mood. The country, bemused by Wilsonian rhetoric, wanted to return to a reality that was concrete.... The election of 1920, declared the Republican vice-presidential candidate Calvin Coolidge... was 'the end of a period which has seemed to substitute words for things.' Harding had no qualification for being President except that he looked like one-which is, given the mythological role of the President in American culture, not an unimportant consideration."William E. Leuchtenburg, The Perils of Prosperity, 1914-1932, 1958 1. Harding found a receptive audience for his "return to normalcy" philosophy as?

Progressivism

"[President Warren G.] Harding capitalized on an immense feeling of nostalgia for the years before the war, for the days when life was simpler. In a speech,... in Boston, Harding caught the spirit of the country in urging a return to 'not heroism, but healing, not nostroms, but normalcy,' thereby coining a word and defining a mood. The country, bemused by Wilsonian rhetoric, wanted to return to a reality that was concrete.... The election of 1920, declared the Republican vice-presidential candidate Calvin Coolidge... was 'the end of a period which has seemed to substitute words for things.' Harding had no qualification for being President except that he looked like one-which is, given the mythological role of the President in American culture, not an unimportant consideration."William E. Leuchtenburg, The Perils of Prosperity, 1914-1932, 1958 2. The politics of the Harding era was a vivid contrast to which political reform movement that came before it?

Conservatism

"[President Warren G.] Harding capitalized on an immense feeling of nostalgia for the years before the war, for the days when life was simpler. In a speech,... in Boston, Harding caught the spirit of the country in urging a return to 'not heroism, but healing, not nostroms, but normalcy,' thereby coining a word and defining a mood. The country, bemused by Wilsonian rhetoric, wanted to return to a reality that was concrete.... The election of 1920, declared the Republican vice-presidential candidate Calvin Coolidge... was 'the end of a period which has seemed to substitute words for things.' Harding had no qualification for being President except that he looked like one-which is, given the mythological role of the President in American culture, not an unimportant consideration."William E. Leuchtenburg, The Perils of Prosperity, 1914-1932, 1958 3. By his wish to return to what he perceived to be the normal condition in the U.S. Harding is advocating which description of change on the political spectrum?

He looked like one

"[President Warren G.] Harding capitalized on an immense feeling of nostalgia for the years before the war, for the days when life was simpler. In a speech,... in Boston, Harding caught the spirit of the country in urging a return to 'not heroism, but healing, not nostroms, but normalcy,' thereby coining a word and defining a mood. The country, bemused by Wilsonian rhetoric, wanted to return to a reality that was concrete.... The election of 1920, declared the Republican vice-presidential candidate Calvin Coolidge... was 'the end of a period which has seemed to substitute words for things.' Harding had no qualification for being President except that he looked like one-which is, given the mythological role of the President in American culture, not an unimportant consideration."William E. Leuchtenburg, The Perils of Prosperity, 1914-1932, 1958 4. Leuchtenburg describes Harding as having what single qualification for being president that was not an unimportant one?

The use of extended payment plans to purchase consumer goods

9. Which of the following trends of the 1920s is most clearly portrayed in this advertisement?

Rise of a limited welfare state

9. Which situation most directly resulted from the actions portrayed in the poster?

1. The image of the Ford Motor Company's Weekly Purchase Plan best serves as evidence of which of the following?

New forms of financing allowed increasing numbers of Americans to experience a middle-class lifestyle

No destroyers were received in return for the gifts

... this government (U.S.) has acquired the right to lease naval and air bases in Newfoundland, and in the islands of Bermuda, Bahamas, Jamaica, St. Lucia, Trinidad, Antigua, and in British Guiana,... The right to bases in Newfoundland and Bermuda are gifts-generously given and gladly received. The other bases mentioned have been acquired in exchange for fifty of our over-age destroyers. This is not inconsistent in any sense with our status of peace . Still less is it a threat against any nation. It is an epochal and far_ reaching act of preparation for continental defense in the face of grave danger. Preparation for defense is an inalienable prerogative of a sovereign state. Under present circumstances this exercise of sovereign right is essential... [for] our peace and safety."Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Destroyers for Bases Agreement with Great Britain," 1940 14. Why were the bases in Newfoundland and Bermuda gifts instead of a trading exchange like the other islands?

it was the start of the wartime Anglo-American partnership

... this government (U.S.) has acquired the right to lease naval and air bases in Newfoundland, and in the islands of Bermuda, Bahamas, Jamaica, St. Lucia, Trinidad, Antigua, and in British Guiana,... The right to bases in Newfoundland and Bermuda are gifts-generously given and gladly received. The other bases mentioned have been acquired in exchange for fifty of our over-age destroyers. This is not inconsistent in any sense with our status of peace . Still less is it a threat against any nation. It is an epochal and far_ reaching act of preparation for continental defense in the face of grave danger. Preparation for defense is an inalienable prerogative of a sovereign state. Under present circumstances this exercise of sovereign right is essential... [for] our peace and safety."Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Destroyers for Bases Agreement with Great Britain," 1940 15. What ultimately proved to be the most important part of the destroyers for bases deal was the?

An increase in Progressive reform activity

1. Conditions like those shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the following?

Germany

1. This propaganda poster depicts which World War I opponent of the U.S. as a brutish ape?

FDR wanted to be able to appoint new Supreme Court justices, as the Court had declared some of his key New Deal legislation unconstitutional

1. What was the motivation for Franklin D. Roosevelt's idea that is portrayed in the above political cartoon?

Demographic shift in immigration patterns

1. Which change in American society in the early 20th century most directly led to the situation described in the poster?

It was feared that U.S. labor was in danger of being influenced by "Reds."

1. Which of the following statements on labor is most closely related to the views expressed in this cartoon?

keeping the United States neutral

10. After war broke out in Europe, President Wilson's biggest challenge was?

conservation

10. In addition to rationing during WWII products were also saved for the war effort by?

Mexico is being tempted to side with Germany in WWI

10. In the political cartoon above what is the temptation?

The boom was based on speculation and borrowed money

10. Many historian s criticize the economy that developed during the 1920s. Which of the following statements best supports that point of view?

The declaration of war against Spain by the U.S. Congress

10. Newspaper headlines such as those above most directly contributed to which of the following?

Debates about the judicial system

10. The ideas expressed in the photograph above most directly reflect which of the following continuities in United States history?

Social justice reforms of the Progressive era

10. The ideas illustrated in the poster most clearly show the influence of which of the following?

convince women that they had an essential role in the war effort

10. The poster was intended to?

sarcastic

11. Based on the image and its title, which of the following best describes the sentiment of the cartoon above?

dust bowl

11. The above photograph is a depiction of which 1930s event?

The difficulty of reforming popular "big government" programs

11. The policy illustrated in the poster above most directly led to political controversies in the last decades of the 20th and early 21st century over?

wartime mobilization of United States society

11. The poster most directly reflects the?

Japan had overrun Malaya and the East Indies where 99% of the rubber came from

11. The reason that tires were the first item rationed is because?

Return of territories taken from them by the U.S. in the 19th century

11. What is Mexico being promised if they side with the Central Powers in WWI?

Germany began to practice unrestricted submarine warfare on the open seas

11. Which of the following best describes the reason that American ultimately entered the First World War?

Farmers and many rural areas

11. Which of the following groups faced the most difficult economic conditions during the 1920s?

Expansionists such as Henry Cabot Lodge

11. Who of the following would most strongly support the sentiments in these headlines?

the concept of jingoism

12. The point of view of this newspaper most clearly reflects?

John Steinbeck's, The Grapes of Wrath

12. The tragic event pictured in the photograph is also described in which novel that told the story of these victims?

The promise of industrial jobs with good pay- and more political freedom

12. What was the major motivation for the migration depicted in the map shown?

buying gas on odd or even days based on the last number of your license plate

12. When petroleum products became in shot supply in 1973 because of an Arab oil embargo as a consequence of the Yom Kippur war, a form of rationing was adopted that called for?

"Yet, after all our years of toil and privation, dangers and hardships upon the... frontier, monopoly is taking our homes from us by an infamous system of mortgage foreclosure, the most infamous that has ever disgraced the statutes of a civilized nation. ... How did it happen? The government, at the bid of Wall Street, repudiated its contract with the people; the circulating medium was contracted. ... As Senator Plumb [of Kansas] tells us, 'Our debts were increased, while the means to pay them was decreased.' As grand Senator... Stewart [of Nevada] puts it, 'For twenty years the market value of the dollar has gone up and the market value of labor has gone down, till today the American laborer, in bitterness and wrath, asks which is the worst: the black slavery that has gone or the white slavery that has come?"Mary Elizabeth Lease, speech to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1890 16. The economy described in th

1930s

Columbia/Lady Liberty

2. The beast is in the act of disrobing if not ravaging which personification of America?

low wages earned by workers in the late nineteenth century

2. The conditions shown in the image came about most directly as a result of?

The first Red Scare

2. Which event of the post-World War I era most directly challenged the sentiment in the poster?

The resulting court case from the Haymarket Square Riot in Chicago

2. Which of the following 19th-century events created American fear of anarchists and socialists?

Union Democrats

2. Which of the following groups would have most likely supported the main idea of the political cartoon?

Government should act to eliminate the worst abuses of industrial society

3. Advocates for individuals such as those shown in the image would have most likely agreed with which of the following perspectives?

Wartime patriotism

3. The ideas expressed in the poster most clearly show the influence of which of the following?

political correctness

3. This poster would not be sponsored today by the U.S. government about an enemy of the U.S. primarily because of?

The Russian Revolution

3. Which of the following international events is considered to have had the most influence in creating a fear of "Reds" in the United States during the first quarter of the 20th century?

Andrew Jackson's reaction to Worcester v. Georgia

3. Which of the following presidents reacted to a Supreme Court decision in a manner similar to the one depicted in the political cartoon?

Increased fear of foreigners and immigrants

4. During World War I, the government propaganda, such as poster shown above, most likely contributed to which of the following?

returning the Philippines to Spain would be like throwing them off a cliff to certain death

4. The political cartoon above takes the position that?

was personally and directly involved with government policies

4. Theodore Roosevelt was a president who?

the producer of a vast number of posters, pamphlets, and films

5. During the war, a government agency named the Committee of Public Information, headed by George Creel, was?

Care for Filipinos as they are in the words of Rudyard Kipling in the "White Man's Burden" "half devil and half child" and ill prepared for self-government

5. The Minneapolis Tribune cartoon best reflects which viewpoint?

Fundamentalists

5. The battle in the 1920 over religion was between religious modernists and what religious group?

taking over for men in industrial and manufacturing jobs

5. The poster above represents the role of women?

Inflation Rate

5. This chart leaves out what important economic indicator that comprises half of the "misery index" in modem economic analysis?

believed in regulating good trusts and bringing down those he determined to be too powerful

5. When it came to his policies with trusts, Roosevelt?

"Rosie the Riveter"

6. Along with the poster above what popular novelty song sang the praises of women who took the traditional manufacturing and industrial jobs of men and contributed greatly to the American cause?

The Sacco and Vanzetti trial drew worldwide attention

6. Based on the sentiments expressed in the photograph, one can conclude which of the following?

Federal Reserve Act

6. During his presidency, President Roosevelt was responsible for all of the following in regards to private business except the?

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Reverend F.J. Grimke, Address to African-American Soldiers Returning from War, 1919"Young gentlemen, I am glad to welcome you home again... While you were away you had the opportunity of coming in contact with another ... and through that contact you have learned what it is to be treated as a man, regardless of the color of your skin or race identity. Unfortunately you had to go away from home to receive a man's treatment, to breathe the pure, bracing air of liberty, equality, fraternity... You know now that the mean, contemptible spirit of race prejudice that curses this land is not the spirit of other lands... And, one of the things that I am particularly hoping for... is that you have come back determined, as never before, to keep up the struggle for our rights until, here... in this boasted land of the free and home of the brave, every man, regardless of the color of his skin, shall be accorded

Alain Locke's The New Negro

7. The map above most directly reflects which of the following?

American territorial acquisitions in the Pacific

1. Conditions like those shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the following?

An increase in Progressive reform activity

Nye Committee Report

Arms merchants have long carried on a profitable business arming the potential enemies of their own country. In England today in Bedford Paale there is a cannon captured by the British from the Germans during the World War. It bears a British trademark, for it was sold to Germany by a British firm before the war.... Arms makers engineer "war scares." They excite governments and peoples to fear their neighbors and rivals, so that they may sell more armaments. But the arms merchant does not see himself as a villain, ... he is simply a businessman who sells is wares under prevailing business practices. The uses to which his products are put and the results... are apparently no concern of his, no more than they are, for instance, of an automobile salesman.... One British arms manufacturer ... compared his enterprise to that of a house-furnishing company which went so far as to encourage matrimony to stimulate more purchases of house furnishings."C. Engelbrecht and F.C. Hanighen, Merchants of Death, 1934 7. The interpretation in the above passage basically was reiterated in the?

Eisenhower' s warning that "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex"

Arms merchants have long carried on a profitable business arming the potential enemies of their own country. In England today in Bedford Paale there is a cannon captured by the British from the Germans during the World War. It bears a British trademark, for it was sold to Germany by a British firm before the war.... Arms makers engineer "war scares." They excite governments and peoples to fear their neighbors and rivals, so that they may sell more armaments. But the arms merchant does not see himself as a villain, ... he is simply a businessman who sells is wares under prevailing business practices. The uses to which his products are put and the results... are apparently no concern of his, no more than they are, for instance, of an automobile salesman.... One British arms manufacturer ... compared his enterprise to that of a house-furnishing company which went so far as to encourage matrimony to stimulate more purchases of house furnishings."C. Engelbrecht and F.C. Hanighen, Merchants of Death, 1934 8. The "merchants of death" in the above passage have similarities to which of the following?

Neutrality Acts

Arms merchants have long carried on a profitable business arming the potential enemies of their own country. In England today in Bedford Paale there is a cannon captured by the British from the Germans during the World War. It bears a British trademark, for it was sold to Germany by a British firm before the war.... Arms makers engineer "war scares." They excite governments and peoples to fear their neighbors and rivals, so that they may sell more armaments. But the arms merchant does not see himself as a villain, ... he is simply a businessman who sells is wares under prevailing business practices. The uses to which his products are put and the results... are apparently no concern of his, no more than they are, for instance, of an automobile salesman.... One British arms manufacturer ... compared his enterprise to that of a house-furnishing company which went so far as to encourage matrimony to stimulate more purchases of house furnishings."C. Engelbrecht and F.C. Hanighen, Merchants of Death, 1934 9. The belief that the arms manufacturers led the U.S. into the Great War contributed to which legislation during the 1930s that made it impossible for the U.S. to give help to those threatened by aggressor nations?

"The system of quotas... was the first major pillar of the Immigration Act of 1924. The second provided for the exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship... Ineligibility to citizenship and exclusion applied to the peoples of all the nations of East and South Asia. Nearly all Asians had already been excluded from immigration... The exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship in 1924... completed Asiatic exclusion. ... Moreover, it codified the principle of racial exclusion into the main body of American immigration and naturalization law."Mae M. Ngai, historian, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, 2004 16. Which of the following evidence would best support Ngai's argument in the excerpt?

Census data showing the changing percentages of the foreign-born population from 1920 to 1930

"The central task of the New Deal . . . might be either social reform in a restored economy, or political stabilization in a disintegrating society, or, most likely and most urgently, economic recovery itself. . . . In fact, these three purposes—social reform, political realignment, and economic recovery—flowed and counterflowed throughout the entire history of the New Deal. . . . Perhaps precisely because the economic crisis of the Great Depression was so severe and so durable, Roosevelt would have an unmatched opportunity to effect major social reforms and to change the very landscape of American politics."— David M. Kennedy, historian, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945, published in 1999 9. Which of the following most strongly sought to limit the New Deal reforms described in the excerpt?

Conservatives in Congress and on the Supreme Court

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: General Groves, Address to Officers Regarding the Atomic Bomb, 1945As you know, this is the first time I have been here for a long time. A great many things have happened during that time. The Manhattan Engineer District has been made known to the world. We brought about peace; there is no question about that. In 1942 when talking to Mr. Carpenter, president of duPont, I told him that the first country which developed this could effect an end to the war in a hurry and it would be to their advantage. That same thing was told to Tennessee Eastman Corporation and the Union Carbide and Carbon Chemical Corporation. I think my estimate of the situation was correct... There is no question but what we ended the war months before it could have ended otherwise, and by so doing, we saved a great many thousands of American lives. If the truth were known we probably also saved a great many Jap lives if we rememb

Dropping the bomb would prevent the additional loss of human lives that might result from a prolonged war

"American women are learning how to put planes and tanks together, how to read blueprints, how to weld and rivet and make the machinery of war production hum under skillful eyes and hands. But they're also learning how to look smart in overalls and how to be glamorous after work. They are learning to fulfill both the useful and the beautiful ideal."— Woman's Home Companion,1943 3. The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following trends during the 1940s?

Enhanced opportunities for women

5. The sentiments expressed in the image helped prompt Congress to take which of the following actions in the 1920s?

Establishing restrictive immigration quotas

"Yet, after all our years of toil and privation, dangers and hardships upon the... frontier, monopoly is taking our homes from us by an infamous system of mortgage foreclosure, the most infamous that has ever disgraced the statutes of a civilized nation. ... How did it happen? The government, at the bid of Wall Street, repudiated its contract with the people; the circulating medium was contracted. ... As Senator Plumb [of Kansas] tells us, 'Our debts were increased, while the means to pay them was decreased.' As grand Senator... Stewart [of Nevada] puts it, 'For twenty years the market value of the dollar has gone up and the market value of labor has gone down, till today the American laborer, in bitterness and wrath, asks which is the worst: the black slavery that has gone or the white slavery that has come?"Mary Elizabeth Lease, speech to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1890 13. In the speech, Lease was re

Farmers

12. Which of the following represents a later example of the change highlighted in the poster?

Feminist challenges to sexual norms in the 1970s

"Wilson's arrival in the White House in 1913 was a perfect instance of Victor Hugo's saying, 'Nothing is more powerful than an idea whose time has come.' Since the Civil War, the United States had become by far the world's richest country, with an industrial economy which made all others on earth seem small, and it had done so very largely through the uncoordinated efforts of thousands of individual entrepreneurs. The feeling had grown that it was time for the community as a whole, using the resources of the United States Constitution, to impose a little order on this new giant and to dress him in suitable clothes, labeled 'The Public Interest.' Theodore Roosevelt had already laid out some of these clothes, and Wilson was happy to steal them."Paul Johnson, A History of the American People, 1997. Paul Johnson, A History of the American People (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997), 634. 3. Which of the following

Franklin Roosevelt's efforts to bolster regulation of the banking system in the 1930s

"On the third of February last I officially laid before you the extraordinary announcement of the Imperial German Government that on and after the first day of February it was its purpose to put aside all restraints of law of humanity and use its submarines to sink every vessel that sought to approach either the ports of Great Britain and Ireland or the western coasts of Europe or any of the ports controlled by the enemies of Germany... Our object now, as then, is to vindicate the principles of peace and justice in the life of the world as against selfish and autocratic power and to set up amongst the really free and self-governed peoples of the world such a concert of purpose and of action as will henceforth ensure the observance of those principles. Neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable where the peace of the world is involved and the freedom of its peoples... that the Prussian autocracy... means to stir up

Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann telegram

3. Advocates for individuals such as those shown in the image would have most likely agreed with which of the following perspectives?

Government should act to eliminate the worst abuses of industrial society

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Huey Long "Share Our Wealth," 1935"It is impossible for the United States to preserve itself as a republic or as a democracy when 600 families own more of this Nation's wealth... as all the balance of the people put together... America can have enough for all to live in comfort and still permit millionaires to own more than they can ever spend... but America cannot allow the multimillionaires and the billionaires, a mere handful of them, to own everything unless we are willing to inflict starvation upon 125,000,000 people... God's law commanded that the wealth of the country should be redistributed ever so often, so that none should become too rich and none should become too poor; it commanded that debts should be canceled and released ever so often, so that the human race would not be loaded with a burden which it could never pay...Here is the whole sum and substance of the share-our-wealth movemen

He considered him a dangerous demagogue

"... War is not inevitable for this country. Such a claim is defeatism in the true sense. No one can make us fight abroad unless we ourselves are willing to do so. No one will attempt to fight us here if we arm ourselves as a great nation should be armed. Over a hundred million people in this Nation are opposed to entering the war. If the principles of democracy mean anything at all, that is reason enough for us to stay out. If we are forced into a war against the wishes of an overwhelming majority of our people, we will have proved democracy such a failure at home that there will be little use fighting for it abroad. The time has come when those of us who believe in an independent American destiny must band together and organize for strength. We have been led toward war by a minority of our people. This minority has power. It has influence. It has a loud voice. But it does not represent the American people. During t

He instituted a peacetime draft

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull House, 1910"The Settlement... is an experimental effort to aid the solution of the social and industrial problems which are engendered by the modern conditions of life in a great city. It insists that these problems are not confined to any one portion of a city. It is an attempt to relieve, at the same time, the overaccumulation at one end of society and the destitution at the other, but it assumes that this overaccumulation and destitution is most sorely felt in the things that pertain to social and educational advantages... It must be grounded in a philosophy whose foundation is on the solidarity of the human race, a philosophy which will not waver when the race happens to be represented by a drunken woman or an idiot boy. Its residents must be emptied of all conceit of opinion and all self-assertion, and ready to arouse and interpret the public opinion of their n

It sought to be part of the community, rather than offer help from above

"We believe that the Negro should adopt every means to protect himself against barbarous practices inflicted upon him because of color. "We believe in the freedom of Africa for the Negro people of the world, and by the principle of Europe for the Europeans and Asia for the Asiatics, we also demand Africa for the Africans at home and abroad..."We strongly condemn the cupidity of those nations of the world who , by open aggression or secret schemes, have seized the territories and inexhaustible natural wealth of Africa, and we place on record our most solemn determination to reclaim the treasures and possession of the vast continent of our forefathers....Marcus Garvey, Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World, Adopted at the first convention of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), August 1920 13. Which of the following later movements held ideas closest to those expressed by Garvey in the

Malcolm X's Black nationalism emphasizing racial pride and economic self- sufficiency

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: A. Mitchell Palmer on the Menace of Communism, 1920"Like a prairie-fire, the blaze of revolution was sweeping over every American institution of law and order a year ago. It was eating its way into the homes of the American workmen, its sharp tongues of revolutionary heat were... leaping into the belfry of the school bell, crawling into the sacred corners of American homes... burning up the foundations of society... Upon these two basic certainties, first that the "Reds" were criminal aliens and secondly that the American Government must prevent crime, it was decided that there could be no nice distinctions drawn between the theoretical ideals of the radicals and their actual violations of our national laws. An assassin may have brilliant intellectuality, he may be able to excuse his murder or robbery with fine oratory, but any theory which excuses crime is not wanted in America... My information sh

McCarthyism

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Immigration Act, 1924"By the President of the United States of AmericaA ProclamationWhereas it is provided in the act of Congress approved May 26, 1924, entitled "An act to limit the immigration of aliens into the United States, and for other purposes" that "The annual quota of any nationality shall be two per centum of the number of foreign-born individuals of such nationality resident in continental Untied States as determined by the United States Census of 1890, but the minimum quota of any nationality shall be 100... Now, therefore I, Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States of America acting under and by virtue of the power in me vested by the aforesaid act of Congress, do hereby proclaim and make known that on and after July 1, 1924... the quota of each nationality provided in said act shall be as follows:COUNTRY OR AREA OF BIRTH QUOTA 1924-1925Australia, including Papua, Tasmania, and

Mexicans filled low-wage agricultural jobs in the West

5. Which of the following most directly reflects how World War II impacted American women?

More women entered the work force than ever before and did jobs that had been previously only open to men

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Motion Picture Diaries, 1920s"A GIRL OF 22, COLLEGE SENIOR, NATIVE WHITE PARENTS....I began smoking after watching Dolores Costello, I believe it was, smoke, which hasn't added any joy to my parents' lives...COLLEGE GIRL, 18, NATIVE BORN OF WEALTHY SWEDISH PARENTSUpon going to my first dance I asked the hairdresser to fix my hair like Greta Garbo's. Of course I did not tell the hairdresser that I was copying this intriguing and fascinating actress or she would think I had gone insane... Because my father had been very strict in his beliefs, regarding marriage, rights of women... I was in a mood to listen and see other beliefs...A BOY OF 17, HIGH SCHOOL SENIOR, NATIVE BLACK PARENTSThe earliest movie stars that I can remember were Wm. S. Hart and Tom Mix who played entirely in Western stories. I liked to see them shoot the villain and save the girl and "live happily ever after.... It caused me to shou

Movies provided a shared point of reference for Americans separated by race, gender, and class

"We believe that the Negro should adopt every means to protect himself against barbarous practices inflicted upon him because of color. "We believe in the freedom of Africa for the Negro people of the world, and by the principle of Europe for the Europeans and Asia for the Asiatics, we also demand Africa for the Africans at home and abroad..."We strongly condemn the cupidity of those nations of the world who , by open aggression or secret schemes, have seized the territories and inexhaustible natural wealth of Africa, and we place on record our most solemn determination to reclaim the treasures and possession of the vast continent of our forefathers....Marcus Garvey, Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World, Adopted at the first convention of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), August 1920 12. The ideas expressed in Garvey's declaration drew the most significant support from which of t

Participants in the Great Migration

Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque... Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded."John Muir, Century Magazine, 1909 6. Muir's position regarding wilderness was most strongly supported by which of the following?

Preservationists concerned about overuse of natural resources

"Wilson's arrival in the White House in 1913 was a perfect instance of Victor Hugo's saying, 'Nothing is more powerful than an idea whose time has come.' Since the Civil War, the United States had become by far the world's richest country, with an industrial economy which made all others on earth seem small, and it had done so very largely through the uncoordinated efforts of thousands of individual entrepreneurs. The feeling had grown that it was time for the community as a whole, using the resources of the United States Constitution, to impose a little order on this new giant and to dress him in suitable clothes, labeled 'The Public Interest.' Theodore Roosevelt had already laid out some of these clothes, and Wilson was happy to steal them."Paul Johnson, A History of the American People, 1997. Paul Johnson, A History of the American People (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997), 634. 1. In the early 1900s, whi

Progressives

"The central task of the New Deal . . . might be either social reform in a restored economy, or political stabilization in a disintegrating society, or, most likely and most urgently, economic recovery itself. . . . In fact, these three purposes—social reform, political realignment, and economic recovery—flowed and counterflowed throughout the entire history of the New Deal. . . . Perhaps precisely because the economic crisis of the Great Depression was so severe and so durable, Roosevelt would have an unmatched opportunity to effect major social reforms and to change the very landscape of American politics."— David M. Kennedy, historian, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945, published in 1999 10. The New Deal drew most directly on which of the following earlier sets of ideas?

Progressivism

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Herbert Croly, The Promise of American Life, 1914"The best evidence of the power of progressivism is the effect which its advent has had upon the prestige and the fortunes of political leaders of both parties. For the first time attractions and repulsions born of the progressive idea, are determining lines of political association. Until recently a man who wished actively and effectively to participate in political life had to be either a Democrat or a Republican; but nowÉthe standing of a politician is determined quite as much by his relation to the progressive movement... Political leaders, who have deserved well of their own party but who have offended the progressives, are retiring or are being retired from public life... [H]ere lies the difference between modern progressivism and the old reform. The former is coming to be remorselessly inquisitive and unscrupulously thorough. The latter never

Progressivism had begun to supplant the two political parties

"... War is not inevitable for this country. Such a claim is defeatism in the true sense. No one can make us fight abroad unless we ourselves are willing to do so. No one will attempt to fight us here if we arm ourselves as a great nation should be armed. Over a hundred million people in this Nation are opposed to entering the war. If the principles of democracy mean anything at all, that is reason enough for us to stay out. If we are forced into a war against the wishes of an overwhelming majority of our people, we will have proved democracy such a failure at home that there will be little use fighting for it abroad. The time has come when those of us who believe in an independent American destiny must band together and organize for strength. We have been led toward war by a minority of our people. This minority has power. It has influence. It has a loud voice. But it does not represent the American people. During t

Republican leaders in Congress

"Yet, after all our years of toil and privation, dangers and hardships upon the... frontier, monopoly is taking our homes from us by an infamous system of mortgage foreclosure, the most infamous that has ever disgraced the statutes of a civilized nation. ... How did it happen? The government, at the bid of Wall Street, repudiated its contract with the people; the circulating medium was contracted. ... As Senator Plumb [of Kansas] tells us, 'Our debts were increased, while the means to pay them was decreased.' As grand Senator... Stewart [of Nevada] puts it, 'For twenty years the market value of the dollar has gone up and the market value of labor has gone down, till today the American laborer, in bitterness and wrath, asks which is the worst: the black slavery that has gone or the white slavery that has come?"Mary Elizabeth Lease, speech to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1890 14. Lease's view best reflect t

Rising grassroots challenges to the dominant economic system

6. Which of the following United States actions taken after the Second World War most directly reflects a continuation of the concerns expressed in the image?

Suppressing dissent through measures such as loyalty oaths

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Motion Picture Diaries, 1920s"A GIRL OF 22, COLLEGE SENIOR, NATIVE WHITE PARENTS....I began smoking after watching Dolores Costello, I believe it was, smoke, which hasn't added any joy to my parents' lives...COLLEGE GIRL, 18, NATIVE BORN OF WEALTHY SWEDISH PARENTSUpon going to my first dance I asked the hairdresser to fix my hair like Greta Garbo's. Of course I did not tell the hairdresser that I was copying this intriguing and fascinating actress or she would think I had gone insane... Because my father had been very strict in his beliefs, regarding marriage, rights of women... I was in a mood to listen and see other beliefs...A BOY OF 17, HIGH SCHOOL SENIOR, NATIVE BLACK PARENTSThe earliest movie stars that I can remember were Wm. S. Hart and Tom Mix who played entirely in Western stories. I liked to see them shoot the villain and save the girl and "live happily ever after.... It caused me to shou

Technological changes of the 1920s reshaped the ways Americans thought about morality

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Immigration Act, 1924"By the President of the United States of AmericaA ProclamationWhereas it is provided in the act of Congress approved May 26, 1924, entitled "An act to limit the immigration of aliens into the United States, and for other purposes" that "The annual quota of any nationality shall be two per centum of the number of foreign-born individuals of such nationality resident in continental Untied States as determined by the United States Census of 1890, but the minimum quota of any nationality shall be 100... Now, therefore I, Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States of America acting under and by virtue of the power in me vested by the aforesaid act of Congress, do hereby proclaim and make known that on and after July 1, 1924... the quota of each nationality provided in said act shall be as follows:COUNTRY OR AREA OF BIRTH QUOTA 1924-1925Australia, including Papua, Tasmania, and

The 1890 census was taken before the new wave of Russian, Jewish, Italian, and Slavic immigrants

"merchants of death" influenced the decision

The Committee finds that: Loans to belligerents [go] against neutrality, for when only one group of belligerents can purchase and transport commodities the loans act in favor of the belligerent.... Loans extended to the Allies in 1915-1916, led to a very considerable war boom and inflation.... The foreign policy of the United States from 1914 to 1917 was, in fact, affected by our growing trade with the Allies as well as by natural sympathies. The neutral rights we claimed were simply not enforced against our largest customers.... It is not desirable for the Nation that any foreign belligerent or any bankers representing them be allowed to get into a position as they did in 1915, when sudden stoppage of sterling... can influence an administration into a reversal of our neutrality policy...."Senator Gerald Nye, "Conclusions of the Nye Committee on War Profits," June 6, 1936 7. The conclusions that the Nye committee came up with supported which interpretation on the reason why the U.S. became involved in WWI?

Isolationism

The Committee finds that: Loans to belligerents [go] against neutrality, for when only one group of belligerents can purchase and transport commodities the loans act in favor of the belligerent.... Loans extended to the Allies in 1915-1916, led to a very considerable war boom and inflation.... The foreign policy of the United States from 1914 to 1917 was, in fact, affected by our growing trade with the Allies as well as by natural sympathies. The neutral rights we claimed were simply not enforced against our largest customers.... It is not desirable for the Nation that any foreign belligerent or any bankers representing them be allowed to get into a position as they did in 1915, when sudden stoppage of sterling... can influence an administration into a reversal of our neutrality policy...."Senator Gerald Nye, "Conclusions of the Nye Committee on War Profits," June 6, 1936 8. The sentiments of the Nye committee reinforced which view of foreign policy that had had dominated the 1930s?

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Herbert Croly, The Promise of American Life, 1914"The best evidence of the power of progressivism is the effect which its advent has had upon the prestige and the fortunes of political leaders of both parties. For the first time attractions and repulsions born of the progressive idea, are determining lines of political association. Until recently a man who wished actively and effectively to participate in political life had to be either a Democrat or a Republican; but nowÉthe standing of a politician is determined quite as much by his relation to the progressive movement... Political leaders, who have deserved well of their own party but who have offended the progressives, are retiring or are being retired from public life... [H]ere lies the difference between modern progressivism and the old reform. The former is coming to be remorselessly inquisitive and unscrupulously thorough. The latter never

The New Republic

"In our efforts for recovery we have avoided, on the one hand, the theory that business should and must be taken over into an all-embracing Government. We have avoided, on the other hand, the equally untenable theory that it is an interference with liberty to offer reasonable help when private enterprise is in need of help. The course we have followed fits the American practice of Government, a practice of taking action step by step, of regulating only to meet concrete needs, a practice of courageous recognition of change."Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Greater Security for the Average Man", 1934. Franklin D. Roosevelt, "On Moving Forward to Greater Freedom and Greater Security," Fireside Chats, September 30, 1934. 5. At the time of this speech in 1934, which of the following groups most opposed Roosevelt's New Deal reforms?

The Supreme Court

"We believe that the Negro should adopt every means to protect himself against barbarous practices inflicted upon him because of color. "We believe in the freedom of Africa for the Negro people of the world, and by the principle of Europe for the Europeans and Asia for the Asiatics, we also demand Africa for the Africans at home and abroad..."We strongly condemn the cupidity of those nations of the world who , by open aggression or secret schemes, have seized the territories and inexhaustible natural wealth of Africa, and we place on record our most solemn determination to reclaim the treasures and possession of the vast continent of our forefathers....Marcus Garvey, Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World, Adopted at the first convention of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), August 1920 11. Which of the following most plausibly influenced Garvey's argument in the excerpt?

The concept of self-determination debated at the Treaty of Versailles peace talks

7. The image depicting the destruction of a still by federal agents most directly reflects which of the following?

The federal government can promote moral behavior

Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque... Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded."John Muir, Century Magazine, 1909 4. Which of the following aspects of Muir's description expresses a major change in American's views of the natural environment?

The idea that government should preserve wilderness areas in a natural state

"The central task of the New Deal . . . might be either social reform in a restored economy, or political stabilization in a disintegrating society, or, most likely and most urgently, economic recovery itself. . . . In fact, these three purposes—social reform, political realignment, and economic recovery—flowed and counterflowed throughout the entire history of the New Deal. . . . Perhaps precisely because the economic crisis of the Great Depression was so severe and so durable, Roosevelt would have an unmatched opportunity to effect major social reforms and to change the very landscape of American politics."— David M. Kennedy, historian, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945, published in 1999 7. Which of the following historical evidence could best be used to support Kennedy's argument in the excerpt?

The passage of legislation providing unemployment insurance

Liberalized divorce laws

The problem of birth control has arisen directly from the efforts of the feminine spirit to free itself from bondage. . . .The basic freedom of the world is woman's freedom. A free race cannot be born of slave mothers. A woman enchained cannot choose but give a measure of that bondage to her sons and daughters. No woman can call herself free who does not own and control her body. No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother.-Margaret Sanger, Woman and the New Race, 1920 12. Which of the following developments in the 1920s would most directly support the author's sentiments in the excerpt?

Popularization of Sigmund Freud

The problem of birth control has arisen directly from the efforts of the feminine spirit to free itself from bondage. . . .The basic freedom of the world is woman's freedom. A free race cannot be born of slave mothers. A woman enchained cannot choose but give a measure of that bondage to her sons and daughters. No woman can call herself free who does not own and control her body. No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother.-Margaret Sanger, Woman and the New Race, 1920 13. Which of the following most influenced thinking about sexual behavior during the 1920s?

"American women are learning how to put planes and tanks together, how to read blueprints, how to weld and rivet and make the machinery of war production hum under skillful eyes and hands. But they're also learning how to look smart in overalls and how to be glamorous after work. They are learning to fulfill both the useful and the beautiful ideal."— Woman's Home Companion,1943 2. By the 1950s which of the following most contributed to the continuation of the "beautiful ideal" for women?

The rise of suburban housing developments

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Immigration Act, 1924"By the President of the United States of AmericaA ProclamationWhereas it is provided in the act of Congress approved May 26, 1924, entitled "An act to limit the immigration of aliens into the United States, and for other purposes" that "The annual quota of any nationality shall be two per centum of the number of foreign-born individuals of such nationality resident in continental Untied States as determined by the United States Census of 1890, but the minimum quota of any nationality shall be 100... Now, therefore I, Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States of America acting under and by virtue of the power in me vested by the aforesaid act of Congress, do hereby proclaim and make known that on and after July 1, 1924... the quota of each nationality provided in said act shall be as follows:COUNTRY OR AREA OF BIRTH QUOTA 1924-1925Australia, including Papua, Tasmania, and

There was substantial ethnic prejudice in the U.S. against Southern Italians, as well as Jewish and Catholic immigrants from Russia and Eastern Europe

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Herbert Croly, The Promise of American Life, 1914"The best evidence of the power of progressivism is the effect which its advent has had upon the prestige and the fortunes of political leaders of both parties. For the first time attractions and repulsions born of the progressive idea, are determining lines of political association. Until recently a man who wished actively and effectively to participate in political life had to be either a Democrat or a Republican; but nowÉthe standing of a politician is determined quite as much by his relation to the progressive movement... Political leaders, who have deserved well of their own party but who have offended the progressives, are retiring or are being retired from public life... [H]ere lies the difference between modern progressivism and the old reform. The former is coming to be remorselessly inquisitive and unscrupulously thorough. The latter never

They believed that the disorder and corruption created by bosses blocked rational, progressive legislation

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: A. Philip Randolph, A Call for A March on Washington, 1941"We call upon you to fight for jobs in National Defense. We call upon you to struggle for the integration of Negroes in the armed forces, such as the Air Corps, Navy, Army and Marine Corps of the Nation. We call upon you to demonstrate for the abolition of Jim-Crowism, in all Government departments and defense employment. This is an hour of crisis. It is a crisis of democracy. It is a crisis of minority groups. It is a crisis of Negro Americans. What is this crisis?To American Negroes, it is the denial of jobs in Government defense projects. It is racial discrimination in Government departments. It is wide-spread Jim-Crowism in the armed forces of the Nation. While billions of the taxpayers' money are being spent for war weapons, Negro workers are being turned away from the gates of factories, mines and mills—being flatly told, "NOTHING DOI

They questioned his patriotism and tried to get him to postpone or cancel the march

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: The Great Depression: An Oral Account, 1932"The soldiers were walking the streets, the fellas who had fought for democracy in Germany. They thought they should get the bonus right then and there because they needed the money. A fella by the name of Waters, I think, got up the idea of these ex-soldiers would go to Washington, make the kind of trip the hoboes made with Coxey in 1898, they would be able to get the government to come through... There was none of this hatred you see now when strange people come to town, or strangers come to a neighborhood... That's one of the things about the Depression. There was more camaraderie than there is now... When we got to Washington, there was quite a few ex-servicemen there before us. They had come to petition Hoover, to give them the bonus before it was due. And Hoover refused this... They would hold midnight vigils around the White House and march around th

They were a racially integrated group of World War I veterans who camped together many months in Washington, D.C. in order to demand early payment of bonuses

8. How did the U.S. acquire the Philippines and Guam?

They were ceded by Spain after the War of 1898

6. How were American women discriminated against in the war effort?

They were usually paid less than male workers

"The peace-loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to those violations of treaties and those ignorings of humane instincts which today are creating a state of international anarchy and instability from which there is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality."Those who cherish their freedom and recognize and respect the equal rights of their neighbors to be free and live in peace, must work together for the triumph of law and moral principles in order that peace, justice, and confidence may prevail in the world. There must be a return to a belief in the pledged word, in the value of a signed treaty. There must be recognition of the fact that national morality is as vital as private morality."President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine Speech, 1937 9. Which of the following best represents continuity in the years after 1945 with the ideas that Roosevelt expressed in the excerpt?

United States membership in an international peacekeeping body

4. Why were women recruited as members of the Army and Navy during World War II?

Women were used in technical occupations such as telegraphy and nursing, which freed male recruits for combat roles

"The peace-loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to those violations of treaties and those ignorings of humane instincts which today are creating a state of international anarchy and instability from which there is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality."Those who cherish their freedom and recognize and respect the equal rights of their neighbors to be free and live in peace, must work together for the triumph of law and moral principles in order that peace, justice, and confidence may prevail in the world. There must be a return to a belief in the pledged word, in the value of a signed treaty. There must be recognition of the fact that national morality is as vital as private morality."President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine Speech, 1937 7. The ideas expressed in the excerpt differed from the prevailing United States approach to foreign policy issues primarily in that Roosevelt was?

arguing to expand the role of the United States in the world

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull House, 1910"The Settlement... is an experimental effort to aid the solution of the social and industrial problems which are engendered by the modern conditions of life in a great city. It insists that these problems are not confined to any one portion of a city. It is an attempt to relieve, at the same time, the overaccumulation at one end of society and the destitution at the other, but it assumes that this overaccumulation and destitution is most sorely felt in the things that pertain to social and educational advantages... It must be grounded in a philosophy whose foundation is on the solidarity of the human race, a philosophy which will not waver when the race happens to be represented by a drunken woman or an idiot boy. Its residents must be emptied of all conceit of opinion and all self-assertion, and ready to arouse and interpret the public opinion of their n

college-educated women were able to find a social niche outside the home

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Interest of America in Sea Power, 1897"... The interesting and significant feature of this changing attitude is the turning of the eyes outward, instead of inward only, to seek the welfare of the country. To affirm the importance of distant markets, and the relation to them of our own immense powers of production, implies logically the recognition of the link that joins the products and the markets,—that is, the carrying trade; the three together constituting that chain of maritime power to which Great Britain owes her wealth and greatness... We shall not follow far this line of thought before there will dawn the realization of America's unique position, facing the older worlds of the East and West, her shores washed by the oceans which touch the one or the other, but which are common to her alone... Despite a certain great original superiority conferred by our geographica

control of the world's oceans

10. The poster was intended to?

convince women that they had an essential role in the war effort

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Letters from the Great Migration, 1917"New Orleans, La., June 10, 1917.Kind Sir:I read and hear daily of the great chance that a colored parson has in Chicago of making a living with all the privilege that the whites have and it make me the most anxious to want to go where I may be able to make a living for my self. When you read this you will think it very strange that being only my self to support that it is so hard, but it is so. everything is gone up but the poor colored people wages. I will leave and come to Chicago... I am a widow for 9 years. I have very pore learning although it would not make much different if I would be thoroughly educated for I could not get any better work to do, such as house work, washing and ironing and all such work that are injuring to a woman with female weakness and they pay so little for so hard work that it is just enough to pay room rent and a little some thing

education

4. The concerns expressed in the image contributed most directly to?

government repression of radicals

"The central task of the New Deal . . . might be either social reform in a restored economy, or political stabilization in a disintegrating society, or, most likely and most urgently, economic recovery itself. . . . In fact, these three purposes—social reform, political realignment, and economic recovery—flowed and counterflowed throughout the entire history of the New Deal. . . . Perhaps precisely because the economic crisis of the Great Depression was so severe and so durable, Roosevelt would have an unmatched opportunity to effect major social reforms and to change the very landscape of American politics."— David M. Kennedy, historian, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945, published in 1999 8. The "political realignment" described in the excerpt contributed most directly to the?

greater identification of working-class communities with the Democratic Party

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Franklin Roosevelt, Radio Address, 1933"May 7, 1933On a Sunday night a week after my Inauguration I used the radio to tell you about the banking crisis and the measures we were taking to meet it. I think that in that way I made clear to the country various facts that might otherwise have been misunderstood and in general provided a means of understanding which did much to restore confidence. Tonight, eight weeks later, I come for the second time to give you my report—in the same spirit and by the same means—to tell you about what we have been doing and what we are planning to do... Today we have reason to believe that things are a little better than they were two months ago. Industry has picked up, railroads are carrying more freight, farm prices are better, but I am not going to indulge in issuing proclamations of overenthusiastic assurance. We cannot bally-hoo ourselves back to prosperity. I a

his ability to connect with his audience in a personal way

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Reverend F.J. Grimke, Address to African-American Soldiers Returning from War, 1919"Young gentlemen, I am glad to welcome you home again... While you were away you had the opportunity of coming in contact with another ... and through that contact you have learned what it is to be treated as a man, regardless of the color of your skin or race identity. Unfortunately you had to go away from home to receive a man's treatment, to breathe the pure, bracing air of liberty, equality, fraternity... You know now that the mean, contemptible spirit of race prejudice that curses this land is not the spirit of other lands... And, one of the things that I am particularly hoping for... is that you have come back determined, as never before, to keep up the struggle for our rights until, here... in this boasted land of the free and home of the brave, every man, regardless of the color of his skin, shall be accorded

his belief that the French under which many African American troops served treated them better than their white American counterparts

3. Which of the following could be considered a change in American culture as a result of the widespread ownership of automobiles in the 1920s?

increased privacy for teenagers and young adults

Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque... Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded."John Muir, Century Magazine, 1909 5. Muir's ideas are most directly a reaction to the?

increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: The Great Depression: An Oral Account, 1932"The soldiers were walking the streets, the fellas who had fought for democracy in Germany. They thought they should get the bonus right then and there because they needed the money. A fella by the name of Waters, I think, got up the idea of these ex-soldiers would go to Washington, make the kind of trip the hoboes made with Coxey in 1898, they would be able to get the government to come through... There was none of this hatred you see now when strange people come to town, or strangers come to a neighborhood... That's one of the things about the Depression. There was more camaraderie than there is now... When we got to Washington, there was quite a few ex-servicemen there before us. They had come to petition Hoover, to give them the bonus before it was due. And Hoover refused this... They would hold midnight vigils around the White House and march around th

it further undermined President Hoover's reputation

14. Which of the following groups contributed most directly to exposing economic, social, and political evils in the Progressive era?

muckraking journalists

"The peace-loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to those violations of treaties and those ignorings of humane instincts which today are creating a state of international anarchy and instability from which there is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality."Those who cherish their freedom and recognize and respect the equal rights of their neighbors to be free and live in peace, must work together for the triumph of law and moral principles in order that peace, justice, and confidence may prevail in the world. There must be a return to a belief in the pledged word, in the value of a signed treaty. There must be recognition of the fact that national morality is as vital as private morality."President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine Speech, 1937 8. The excerpt best reflects an effort by Roosevelt to?

overcome opposition to participation in the impending Second World War

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Franklin Roosevelt, Radio Address, 1933"May 7, 1933On a Sunday night a week after my Inauguration I used the radio to tell you about the banking crisis and the measures we were taking to meet it. I think that in that way I made clear to the country various facts that might otherwise have been misunderstood and in general provided a means of understanding which did much to restore confidence. Tonight, eight weeks later, I come for the second time to give you my report—in the same spirit and by the same means—to tell you about what we have been doing and what we are planning to do... Today we have reason to believe that things are a little better than they were two months ago. Industry has picked up, railroads are carrying more freight, farm prices are better, but I am not going to indulge in issuing proclamations of overenthusiastic assurance. We cannot bally-hoo ourselves back to prosperity. I a

passage of the Emergency Banking Act

"The system of quotas... was the first major pillar of the Immigration Act of 1924. The second provided for the exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship... Ineligibility to citizenship and exclusion applied to the peoples of all the nations of East and South Asia. Nearly all Asians had already been excluded from immigration... The exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship in 1924... completed Asiatic exclusion. ... Moreover, it codified the principle of racial exclusion into the main body of American immigration and naturalization law."Mae M. Ngai, historian, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, 2004 14. The Immigration Act of 1924 produced highly discriminatory results because it?

placed restrictions on immigration by national origin, ethnicity, and race

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Huey Long "Share Our Wealth," 1935"It is impossible for the United States to preserve itself as a republic or as a democracy when 600 families own more of this Nation's wealth... as all the balance of the people put together... America can have enough for all to live in comfort and still permit millionaires to own more than they can ever spend... but America cannot allow the multimillionaires and the billionaires, a mere handful of them, to own everything unless we are willing to inflict starvation upon 125,000,000 people... God's law commanded that the wealth of the country should be redistributed ever so often, so that none should become too rich and none should become too poor; it commanded that debts should be canceled and released ever so often, so that the human race would not be loaded with a burden which it could never pay...Here is the whole sum and substance of the share-our-wealth movemen

rural Louisianans

"Wilson's arrival in the White House in 1913 was a perfect instance of Victor Hugo's saying, 'Nothing is more powerful than an idea whose time has come.' Since the Civil War, the United States had become by far the world's richest country, with an industrial economy which made all others on earth seem small, and it had done so very largely through the uncoordinated efforts of thousands of individual entrepreneurs. The feeling had grown that it was time for the community as a whole, using the resources of the United States Constitution, to impose a little order on this new giant and to dress him in suitable clothes, labeled 'The Public Interest.' Theodore Roosevelt had already laid out some of these clothes, and Wilson was happy to steal them."Paul Johnson, A History of the American People, 1997. Paul Johnson, A History of the American People (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997), 634. 2. Many of those who suppo

see an expansion of democratic principles throughout the government

"The system of quotas... was the first major pillar of the Immigration Act of 1924. The second provided for the exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship... Ineligibility to citizenship and exclusion applied to the peoples of all the nations of East and South Asia. Nearly all Asians had already been excluded from immigration... The exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship in 1924... completed Asiatic exclusion. ... Moreover, it codified the principle of racial exclusion into the main body of American immigration and naturalization law."Mae M. Ngai, historian, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, 2004 15. The Immigration Act of 1924 most directly reflected?

social tensions emerging from the First World War

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: A. Philip Randolph, A Call for A March on Washington, 1941"We call upon you to fight for jobs in National Defense. We call upon you to struggle for the integration of Negroes in the armed forces, such as the Air Corps, Navy, Army and Marine Corps of the Nation. We call upon you to demonstrate for the abolition of Jim-Crowism, in all Government departments and defense employment. This is an hour of crisis. It is a crisis of democracy. It is a crisis of minority groups. It is a crisis of Negro Americans. What is this crisis?To American Negroes, it is the denial of jobs in Government defense projects. It is racial discrimination in Government departments. It is wide-spread Jim-Crowism in the armed forces of the Nation. While billions of the taxpayers' money are being spent for war weapons, Negro workers are being turned away from the gates of factories, mines and mills—being flatly told, "NOTHING DOI

tensions over continuing segregation and discrimination in the public and private sectors

"On the third of February last I officially laid before you the extraordinary announcement of the Imperial German Government that on and after the first day of February it was its purpose to put aside all restraints of law of humanity and use its submarines to sink every vessel that sought to approach either the ports of Great Britain and Ireland or the western coasts of Europe or any of the ports controlled by the enemies of Germany... Our object now, as then, is to vindicate the principles of peace and justice in the life of the world as against selfish and autocratic power and to set up amongst the really free and self-governed peoples of the world such a concert of purpose and of action as will henceforth ensure the observance of those principles. Neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable where the peace of the world is involved and the freedom of its peoples... that the Prussian autocracy... means to stir up

the League of Nations

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Franklin Roosevelt, Radio Address, 1933"May 7, 1933On a Sunday night a week after my Inauguration I used the radio to tell you about the banking crisis and the measures we were taking to meet it. I think that in that way I made clear to the country various facts that might otherwise have been misunderstood and in general provided a means of understanding which did much to restore confidence. Tonight, eight weeks later, I come for the second time to give you my report—in the same spirit and by the same means—to tell you about what we have been doing and what we are planning to do... Today we have reason to believe that things are a little better than they were two months ago. Industry has picked up, railroads are carrying more freight, farm prices are better, but I am not going to indulge in issuing proclamations of overenthusiastic assurance. We cannot bally-hoo ourselves back to prosperity. I a

the Omaha Platform of the Populist Party

"In our efforts for recovery we have avoided, on the one hand, the theory that business should and must be taken over into an all-embracing Government. We have avoided, on the other hand, the equally untenable theory that it is an interference with liberty to offer reasonable help when private enterprise is in need of help. The course we have followed fits the American practice of Government, a practice of taking action step by step, of regulating only to meet concrete needs, a practice of courageous recognition of change."Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Greater Security for the Average Man", 1934. Franklin D. Roosevelt, "On Moving Forward to Greater Freedom and Greater Security," Fireside Chats, September 30, 1934. 4. The approach Franklin Roosevelt outlines in the speech above is most consistent with the previous efforts of?

the Progressives in the early 20th century

14. The Social Security Act was one of the most significant accomplishments of which of the following?

the Second New Deal

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Interest of America in Sea Power, 1897"... The interesting and significant feature of this changing attitude is the turning of the eyes outward, instead of inward only, to seek the welfare of the country. To affirm the importance of distant markets, and the relation to them of our own immense powers of production, implies logically the recognition of the link that joins the products and the markets,—that is, the carrying trade; the three together constituting that chain of maritime power to which Great Britain owes her wealth and greatness... We shall not follow far this line of thought before there will dawn the realization of America's unique position, facing the older worlds of the East and West, her shores washed by the oceans which touch the one or the other, but which are common to her alone... Despite a certain great original superiority conferred by our geographica

the acquisition of territories—not future states—with inhabitants who were not U.S. citizens, but "subjects"

"... War is not inevitable for this country. Such a claim is defeatism in the true sense. No one can make us fight abroad unless we ourselves are willing to do so. No one will attempt to fight us here if we arm ourselves as a great nation should be armed. Over a hundred million people in this Nation are opposed to entering the war. If the principles of democracy mean anything at all, that is reason enough for us to stay out. If we are forced into a war against the wishes of an overwhelming majority of our people, we will have proved democracy such a failure at home that there will be little use fighting for it abroad. The time has come when those of us who believe in an independent American destiny must band together and organize for strength. We have been led toward war by a minority of our people. This minority has power. It has influence. It has a loud voice. But it does not represent the American people. During t

the belief that a handful of people were pushing the country into war

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Huey Long "Share Our Wealth," 1935"It is impossible for the United States to preserve itself as a republic or as a democracy when 600 families own more of this Nation's wealth... as all the balance of the people put together... America can have enough for all to live in comfort and still permit millionaires to own more than they can ever spend... but America cannot allow the multimillionaires and the billionaires, a mere handful of them, to own everything unless we are willing to inflict starvation upon 125,000,000 people... God's law commanded that the wealth of the country should be redistributed ever so often, so that none should become too rich and none should become too poor; it commanded that debts should be canceled and released ever so often, so that the human race would not be loaded with a burden which it could never pay...Here is the whole sum and substance of the share-our-wealth movemen

the belief that home ownership is a key guarantor of success

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: A. Philip Randolph, A Call for A March on Washington, 1941"We call upon you to fight for jobs in National Defense. We call upon you to struggle for the integration of Negroes in the armed forces, such as the Air Corps, Navy, Army and Marine Corps of the Nation. We call upon you to demonstrate for the abolition of Jim-Crowism, in all Government departments and defense employment. This is an hour of crisis. It is a crisis of democracy. It is a crisis of minority groups. It is a crisis of Negro Americans. What is this crisis?To American Negroes, it is the denial of jobs in Government defense projects. It is racial discrimination in Government departments. It is wide-spread Jim-Crowism in the armed forces of the Nation. While billions of the taxpayers' money are being spent for war weapons, Negro workers are being turned away from the gates of factories, mines and mills—being flatly told, "NOTHING DOI

the creation of the Fair Employment Practices Committee

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: A. Mitchell Palmer on the Menace of Communism, 1920"Like a prairie-fire, the blaze of revolution was sweeping over every American institution of law and order a year ago. It was eating its way into the homes of the American workmen, its sharp tongues of revolutionary heat were... leaping into the belfry of the school bell, crawling into the sacred corners of American homes... burning up the foundations of society... Upon these two basic certainties, first that the "Reds" were criminal aliens and secondly that the American Government must prevent crime, it was decided that there could be no nice distinctions drawn between the theoretical ideals of the radicals and their actual violations of our national laws. An assassin may have brilliant intellectuality, he may be able to excuse his murder or robbery with fine oratory, but any theory which excuses crime is not wanted in America... My information sh

the fear that U.S. labor strikes were linked to the Russian Revolution

2. The conditions shown in the image depict which of the following trends in the late nineteenth century?

the growing gap between rich and poor

9. Which of the following was a direct effect of Prohibition?

the growth of organized crime

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull House, 1910"The Settlement... is an experimental effort to aid the solution of the social and industrial problems which are engendered by the modern conditions of life in a great city. It insists that these problems are not confined to any one portion of a city. It is an attempt to relieve, at the same time, the overaccumulation at one end of society and the destitution at the other, but it assumes that this overaccumulation and destitution is most sorely felt in the things that pertain to social and educational advantages... It must be grounded in a philosophy whose foundation is on the solidarity of the human race, a philosophy which will not waver when the race happens to be represented by a drunken woman or an idiot boy. Its residents must be emptied of all conceit of opinion and all self-assertion, and ready to arouse and interpret the public opinion of their n

the idea of collective action to improve urban and industrial society

13. The advertisement for Social Security most directly reflects which of the following developments during the New Deal?

the idea that government could provide citizens with some aid to deal with life's vicissitudes (negative changes)

9. Which of the following was a contributing factor to U.S expansion in the Pacific?

the idea that the U.S. had a mission to foster democracy and Protestant Christian civilization

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: General Groves, Address to Officers Regarding the Atomic Bomb, 1945As you know, this is the first time I have been here for a long time. A great many things have happened during that time. The Manhattan Engineer District has been made known to the world. We brought about peace; there is no question about that. In 1942 when talking to Mr. Carpenter, president of duPont, I told him that the first country which developed this could effect an end to the war in a hurry and it would be to their advantage. That same thing was told to Tennessee Eastman Corporation and the Union Carbide and Carbon Chemical Corporation. I think my estimate of the situation was correct... There is no question but what we ended the war months before it could have ended otherwise, and by so doing, we saved a great many thousands of American lives. If the truth were known we probably also saved a great many Jap lives if we rememb

the involvement of American businesses in developing products that would help the war effort

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: A. Mitchell Palmer on the Menace of Communism, 1920"Like a prairie-fire, the blaze of revolution was sweeping over every American institution of law and order a year ago. It was eating its way into the homes of the American workmen, its sharp tongues of revolutionary heat were... leaping into the belfry of the school bell, crawling into the sacred corners of American homes... burning up the foundations of society... Upon these two basic certainties, first that the "Reds" were criminal aliens and secondly that the American Government must prevent crime, it was decided that there could be no nice distinctions drawn between the theoretical ideals of the radicals and their actual violations of our national laws. An assassin may have brilliant intellectuality, he may be able to excuse his murder or robbery with fine oratory, but any theory which excuses crime is not wanted in America... My information sh

the lack of evidence of a widespread conspiracy

13. The political cartoon featuring President Theodore Roosevelt trying to clean up a mess most directly reflects which of the following?

the meat-processing scandal exposed by Upton Sinclair's book, The Jungle

2. The image suggests that one of the effects of the new availability of automobiles was?

the move to the suburbs

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Letters from the Great Migration, 1917"New Orleans, La., June 10, 1917.Kind Sir:I read and hear daily of the great chance that a colored parson has in Chicago of making a living with all the privilege that the whites have and it make me the most anxious to want to go where I may be able to make a living for my self. When you read this you will think it very strange that being only my self to support that it is so hard, but it is so. everything is gone up but the poor colored people wages. I will leave and come to Chicago... I am a widow for 9 years. I have very pore learning although it would not make much different if I would be thoroughly educated for I could not get any better work to do, such as house work, washing and ironing and all such work that are injuring to a woman with female weakness and they pay so little for so hard work that it is just enough to pay room rent and a little some thing

the outbreak of race riots as white immigrants viewed blacks as competitors for jobs

15. The problem highlighted in the cartoon led to?

the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Motion Picture Diaries, 1920s"A GIRL OF 22, COLLEGE SENIOR, NATIVE WHITE PARENTS....I began smoking after watching Dolores Costello, I believe it was, smoke, which hasn't added any joy to my parents' lives...COLLEGE GIRL, 18, NATIVE BORN OF WEALTHY SWEDISH PARENTSUpon going to my first dance I asked the hairdresser to fix my hair like Greta Garbo's. Of course I did not tell the hairdresser that I was copying this intriguing and fascinating actress or she would think I had gone insane... Because my father had been very strict in his beliefs, regarding marriage, rights of women... I was in a mood to listen and see other beliefs...A BOY OF 17, HIGH SCHOOL SENIOR, NATIVE BLACK PARENTSThe earliest movie stars that I can remember were Wm. S. Hart and Tom Mix who played entirely in Western stories. I liked to see them shoot the villain and save the girl and "live happily ever after.... It caused me to shou

the rise of the consumer culture

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Interest of America in Sea Power, 1897"... The interesting and significant feature of this changing attitude is the turning of the eyes outward, instead of inward only, to seek the welfare of the country. To affirm the importance of distant markets, and the relation to them of our own immense powers of production, implies logically the recognition of the link that joins the products and the markets,—that is, the carrying trade; the three together constituting that chain of maritime power to which Great Britain owes her wealth and greatness... We shall not follow far this line of thought before there will dawn the realization of America's unique position, facing the older worlds of the East and West, her shores washed by the oceans which touch the one or the other, but which are common to her alone... Despite a certain great original superiority conferred by our geographica

to seek overseas markets for its domestic products

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: The Great Depression: An Oral Account, 1932"The soldiers were walking the streets, the fellas who had fought for democracy in Germany. They thought they should get the bonus right then and there because they needed the money. A fella by the name of Waters, I think, got up the idea of these ex-soldiers would go to Washington, make the kind of trip the hoboes made with Coxey in 1898, they would be able to get the government to come through... There was none of this hatred you see now when strange people come to town, or strangers come to a neighborhood... That's one of the things about the Depression. There was more camaraderie than there is now... When we got to Washington, there was quite a few ex-servicemen there before us. They had come to petition Hoover, to give them the bonus before it was due. And Hoover refused this... They would hold midnight vigils around the White House and march around th

unemployed men marching to the nation's capital to petition the government

11. The poster most directly reflects the?

wartime mobilization of United States society

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: General Groves, Address to Officers Regarding the Atomic Bomb, 1945As you know, this is the first time I have been here for a long time. A great many things have happened during that time. The Manhattan Engineer District has been made known to the world. We brought about peace; there is no question about that. In 1942 when talking to Mr. Carpenter, president of duPont, I told him that the first country which developed this could effect an end to the war in a hurry and it would be to their advantage. That same thing was told to Tennessee Eastman Corporation and the Union Carbide and Carbon Chemical Corporation. I think my estimate of the situation was correct... There is no question but what we ended the war months before it could have ended otherwise, and by so doing, we saved a great many thousands of American lives. If the truth were known we probably also saved a great many Jap lives if we rememb

weapons race to ensure nuclear supremacy

DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Letters from the Great Migration, 1917"New Orleans, La., June 10, 1917.Kind Sir:I read and hear daily of the great chance that a colored parson has in Chicago of making a living with all the privilege that the whites have and it make me the most anxious to want to go where I may be able to make a living for my self. When you read this you will think it very strange that being only my self to support that it is so hard, but it is so. everything is gone up but the poor colored people wages. I will leave and come to Chicago... I am a widow for 9 years. I have very pore learning although it would not make much different if I would be thoroughly educated for I could not get any better work to do, such as house work, washing and ironing and all such work that are injuring to a woman with female weakness and they pay so little for so hard work that it is just enough to pay room rent and a little some thing

widespread racist violence, such as lynchings