Unit 7 -test review

Research studies indicate that people who are intrinsically motivated as compared to people who are extrinsically motivated tend to

work harder and enjoy their work more

Which of the following situations describes an approach-avoidance conflict?

Anna must decide whether to buy a used car that is in her price range but has several mechanical problems.

Chuck asked Jane out on a date and he offered her two possible options—to see a movie or to go ice skating. Jane felt a bit stressed about making the decision because she liked both activities. Which of the following conflicts was Jane experiencing?

Approach-approach

Which of the following best supports the hypothesis that basic human emotions, such as sadness, are innate?

Basic emotions are understood and facially expressed in a similar fashion by individuals from diverse cultures.

After school, George and his friends complain of intense hunger. They go to George's home and immediately open his refrigerator to look for a snack. Which of the following is a theory of motivation that best explains their behavior?

Drive reduction

Which of the following theories suggests that a physiological need creates a state of tension that motivates an organism to satisfy the need?

Drive-reduction

In the James-Lange theory of emotion, which of the following immediately precedes an emotion?

Experience of physiological changes

Which of the following concepts provides the best explanation for why people seek to put on warmer clothing when they start to feel cold?

Homeostasis

Isaac's father offers to give him five dollars for every good grade he earns on his report card. Which of the following is a type of motivation being used by Isaac's father?

Incentive

The Yerkes-Dodson Law, as indicated in the graph above, supports which of the following statements?

Optimal performance is a function of task difficulty and level of arousal.

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following statements is true?

Physiological needs must be met before an individual achieves self-actualization.

Melvin, a server at a restaurant, is in the middle of a lunch rush. He is completing orders, serving customers, and seating new guests. He has adapted to this level of stress and is coping. Which of the following terms identifies a stage in Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome that Melvin is currently experiencing?

Resistance

When given a drug that produced general arousal, research participants placed in a room with a happy confederate described their emotional state as happy, while those placed in a room with an angry confederate described their emotional state as angry. Which theory of emotion best explains these results?

Schachter-Singer

For most of his life, Mike has been overweight. Not long after going on a diet and losing over 30 pounds, Mike gained back nearly all the weight. Which of the following concepts best explains Mike's experience?

Set-point theory

Mark, a flight attendant, began his workday in a bad mood. However, by the end of the day, he felt much happier. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what may have influenced Mark's mood?

The flight was so full that Mark did not have time to reflect on events that were troubling him.

According to Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer's theory of emotion, which of the following is true?

The same physiological response can produce different emotions, depending on the context within which the response occurs and a person's interpretation of that context.

A complex pattern of organized, unlearned behavior that is species-specific is called

an instinct

Individuals exhibiting a hostile type A personality pattern are at an increased risk for

cardiovascular disease

Exposure to stressors impairs the immune system by decreasing the effectiveness of white blood cells called T-lymphocytes, which perform the function of

defending the body from viruses

The neurotransmitter that is primarily associated with the feeling of wanting or craving something is

dopamine

Danielle was laid off from her job six months ago and has been unsuccessful at finding a new one. The income from her long hours of temp work barely covers her bills. She has begun to have frequent cold and flu symptoms and has become depressed. Danielle is most likely in the stage of Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome known as

exhaustion

The over justification effect has led some psychologists to question the value of

extrinsic motivation

Carla tutors other students because she likes to be helpful, whereas Jane tutors classmates strictly for pay. Their behaviors demonstrate the difference between

intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

An animal will become obese when

its ventromedial hypothalamus is damaged