Unit 8 Quiz 1
https://www.usatestprep.com/modules/gallery/files/60/6001/6001.jpg Which number on the map represents the country of Iran? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
a) 1 Iran is represented by the number 1. It is west of Afghanistan is located to its east and it borders Iraq to the west.
Which event took place in 1950 and had the greatest impact on the course of the Korean War? a) China entered the war in defense of North Korea b) Truman declared an end to US involvement and pulled out all troops c) United States forces captured the North Korean capital of Pyongyang d) The United Nations demanded that North Korean troops withdraw from South Korea
a) China entered the war in defense of North Korea When China entered the war in defense of North Korea, it changed the course of the Korean War. The United States had almost defeated North Korea when China entered the war and drove US forces back past the 38th parallel. The United States and China stayed in a battle at that boundary line until a ceasefire was struck.
The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) gained much attention in the 1940s and 1950s for its investigation of a) Communism within the United States b) Richard Nixon's impeachment charges c) Bill Clinton's lying to a grand jury d) the treatment of Japanese-Americans in World War II
a) Communism within the United States Though it had many responsibilities, HUAC is most known for its investigation of Communism within the United States in the 1950s. HUAC also investigated Nazi propaganda in the 1930s and Ku Klux Klan activities in the 1940s. It was not, however, involved directly with Senator Joseph McCarthy's accusations.
"It shall be the policy of this nation to regard any nuclear missile launched from Cuba against any nation in the Western Hemisphere as an attack on the United States, requiring a full retaliatory response upon the Soviet Union." Which U.S. President found himself in a "showdown" with Nikita Khrushchev over the issue of Soviet missile bases in Cuba? a) John F. Kennedy b) Harry S. Truman c) Lyndon B. Johnson d) Dwight Eisenhower
a) John F. Kennedy The president that found himself in a "showdown" with Nikita Khrushchev over the issue of Soviet missile bases in Cuba was John F. Kennedy. This speech, from October 22, 1963, was delivered in a nation-wide televised address announcing the discovery of the missiles. The crisis finally ended when Khrushchev agreed to withdraw the Soviet missiles from Cuba in exchange for the withdrawal of American nuclear missiles from Italy and Turkey.
https://www.usatestprep.com/modules/gallery/files/8/898/898.png Which of these offers the BEST explanation for the increase in military spending in the 1950s? a) Korean War b) World War I c) Vietnam War d) World War II
a) Korean War The rise in military spending correlates to the Korean War. It took place from 1950-1953, though spending continued after its end.
In the 1950s, the American public embraced ______ because it offered a way of participating in world affairs and opposing Soviet power in a more indirect way. Americans no longer believed that world security would come through the other organizations that were formed as a result of the World Wars, but they still held on to the ideas of some sort of collective security with an ideological base. This quote BEST describes which of these organizations? a) NATO b) SEATO c) UNICEF d) the United Nations
a) NATO NATO was formed to help protect European states- and the United States- from Soviet expansion in the years following World War II. Many had already lost faith in the larger organization, the United Nations, since it also included the Soviet Union. The League of Nations had long-since broken apart.
-Charlie Chaplin, actor -W.E.B. DuBois, civil rights activist and author -Langston Hughes, author -J. Robert Oppenheimer, "father of the atomic bomb" -Paul Robeson, singer and civil rights activist -Pete Seeger, folk singer -Orson Welles, actor, author and director All of these people were blacklisted in the 1940s and 1950s. What is the MOST LIKELY reason for this? a) They were accused of being communists b) They campaigned for Dwight Eisenhower c) They refused to register for the military draft d) They had supported the Nazis during World War II
a) They were accused of being communists They were accused of being communists. The charges were largely unfounded, but the accusations resulted in their being banned (blacklisted) from working or performing in most places.
"I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes." -President Harry S Truman, March 12, 1947 This speech by President Truman represents which Cold War policy of the United States? a) containment b) brinkmanship c) nuclear disarmament d) mutually assured destruction
a) containment This excerpt from his speech to Congress represents the the policy of containment. Truman is not advocating fighting communist forces, but extending massive "economic and financial aid" to countries trying to resist "outside pressures." Though the speech was made specifically about the growing unrest in Greece and Turkey, the implications had world-wide effects.
Which of these had the BIGGEST economic impact on the United States in the 1960s? a) the Communist Revolution in Cuba b) the system of Apartheid in South Africa c) the boycott of American goods in the USSR d) the oil embargo with countries in the Middle East
a) the Communist Revolution in Cuba The Communist Revolution in Cuba had an enormous impact on the U.S. economy. American businesses in Cuba, particularly the sugar industry, were soon nationalized. The United States cut off trade with Cuba, a situation that continued to exist through the rest of the 20th Century.
The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 came to an end when a) the Soviet Union agreed to withdraw its nuclear missiles from Cuba b) CIA-backed rebels were defeated by the Cuban army at the Bay of Pigs c) the United Nations allowed the US to install nuclear missiles in Key West d) a nuclear disarmament plan for the US and the Soviet Union was agreed upon
a) the Soviet Union agreed to withdraw its nuclear missiles from Cuba The world came to the brink of nuclear war in October of 1962 when the US discovered the Soviet Union had missiles installed in Cuba. Disaster was narrowly averted, though, when the Soviet Union agreed to withdraw its nuclear missiles from Cuba, in exchange for a US promise NOT to invade Cuba.
Which of these is the BEST explanation for the United States' increased involvement in Middle Eastern affairs after World War II? a) to stop the spread of Communism from the USSR b) to purchase cheap oil for the growing economy c) to trade with newly formed Middle Eastern states d) to form military alliances with several Arab nations
a) to stop the spread of Communism from the USSR The United States most likely became involved in Middle Eastern affairs after WWII to stop the spread of Communism from the USSR. The government probably feared that allowing the Soviet Union to form strong alliances with newly formed Arab nations would only help spread Communism around the globe.
North Korea and South Korea both received help from other nations during the Korean War. Which countries intervened? a) The United States supported North Korea; Japan supported South Korea b) China supported North Korea; the United States supported South Korea c) Germany supported North Korea; France supported South Korea d) Vietnam supported North Korea; China supported South Korea
b) China supported North Korea; the United States supported South Korea In the Korean War, China supported North Korea; the United States supported South Korea.When North Korea invaded South Korea, the United States became involved trying to ensure that the South stayed democratic. China then intervened to ensure North Korea stayed communist.
"Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect, but we have never had to put a wall up to keep our people in." -John F. Kennedy, June 26, 1963. Kennedy's speech is critical of Soviet-backed actions in what country? a) Cuba b) Germany c) Poland d) Vietnam
b) Germany This excerpt is from 1963 speech in Berlin, Germany. Kennedy was emphasizing America's support for West Germany after the Soviet-supported Communist state of East Germany erected the Berlin Wall as a barrier to prevent movement between East and West.
Which statement BEST describes the military structure of NATO during the Cold War? a) The organization was led exclusively by the United States b) Member countries had input into NATO's military strategies c) Southern European countries were prevented from taking any leadership role d) The Soviet Union blocked NATO's attempts to increase their military strength
b) Member countries had input into NATO's military strategies While the United States was easily the most economically powerful member of NATO, it did not have exclusive control over the organization. Member countries had input into NATO's military strategies, and leadership was divided amongst them.
The Parties...agreed that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all. Consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence will assist the Party or Parties being attacked, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. This quote is from which military agreement? a) WHO b) NATO c) NAFTA d) Warsaw Pact
b) NATO NATO was formed to create an alliance system between non-communist countries. An attack on any country would be deemed as an attack on all. NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization and was signed in 1949.
With which of these individuals is the post-World War II foreign policy of 'containment' MOST associated? a) Senator Eugene McCarthy b) President Harry Truman c) General Douglas McArthur d) Secretary of State John Foster Dulles
b) President Harry Truman President Harry Truman was concerned with 'containing' communism to countries into which it had spread immediately after the end of World War II. He- and like-minded politicians- hoped to prevent another global conflict from taking place. John Foster Dulles, Secretary of State in the 1950's, is more associated with the policy of 'brinkmanship.'
"In my opinion, the State Department, which is one of the most important government departments, is thoroughly infested with Communists." (February 1950) This quote would most likely be attributed to a) President Ronald Reagan b) Senator Joseph McCarthy c) General George C. Marshall d) President Dwight D. Eisenhower
b) Senator Joseph McCarthy Senator Joseph McCarthy wildly accused people of being communists, ruining the lives and careers of those he charged. His momentum gained as paranoia grew, but, in the end, he accused too many power people in the government, and his unfounded allegations eventually proved to be his downfall.
The term bomber gap was used during the Cold War for the PRIMARY purpose of a) developing the atomic bomb b) greatly increasing military spending c) using planes to break the Berlin Blockade d) preventing Cuba from accepting Soviet missiles
b) greatly increasing military spending When politicians claimed there was a "bomber gap" between the Soviets and the United States, the effect was that Congress began greatly increasing military spending. This was to narrow that gap so the U.S. would not fall behind the USSR. It turns out, though, such a gap never existed.
https://www.usatestprep.com/modules/gallery/files/9/931/931.jpg Which labeled area on the map is known as the "Demilitarized Zone" (DMZ)? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
c) 3 The 'Demilitarized Zone' is the area between North and South Korea- represented here by 3- that is meant to separate the two warring countries.
"I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." -Harry Truman, 1951 In this quote from President Truman, the "outside pressures" which might attempt to subjugate free peoples are most likely from a) Latin America b) Western Europe c) Communist powers d) newly independent African countries
c) Communist powers The Truman Doctrine, expressed in this quote,was a response to perceived Soviet aggression.The policy was one of containment of Soviet or Communist powers influence in the world.
https://www.usatestprep.com/modules/gallery/files/27/2796/2796.gif *Map of Germany Which of these is the MOST appropriate title for this map? a) Germany in 1918 b) Germany in 1933 c) Germany in 1946 d) Germany in 1991
c) Germany in 1946 This is a map showing the division of Germany in 1946, following World War II. The United States, Soviet Union, France, and Great Britain were all responsible for overseeing the rebuilding of Germany, with the intention of preventing a repeat of the situation following World War I.
https://www.usatestprep.com/modules/gallery/files/138/13822/13822.jpg The political cartoon illustrates the heated standoff between John F. Kennedy and _____, leader of the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis. a) Joseph Stalin b) Vladamir Putin c) Nikita Khruschev d) Mikhail Gorbachev
c) Nikita Khruschev This political cartoon illustrates the standoff between JFK and Nikita Khrushchev. In a heated 7 day disagreement, both men threatened to drop weapons of mass destruction on the others' country.
Which of these countries would have been "behind the Iron Curtain" during the Cold War? a) France b) Italy c) Poland d) Spain
c) Poland Of these choices, Poland would have been "behind the Iron Curtain." This term was used to describe countries under Soviet control following World War II and into the Cold War.
Following World War II, African peoples pushed for and won self-government. Which statement BEST describes the role played by the United States in this process? a) The United States freed all of its colonial possessions b) The United States militarily funded many of the struggles c) The United States backed new governments which were anti-communist d) The United States refused to intervene due to its anti-apartheid movement
c) The United States backed new governments which were anti-communist During the decolonization movement after World War II, the United States backed new governments who were anti-communist. Since this took place during the Cold War, diplomatic concerns about communist influence dictated foreign policy. Unfortunately, this meant that some cruel, but non-communist, leaders were supported by the U.S.
Which political organization was MOST associated with the "iron curtain" countries? a) OPEC b) NATO c) Warsaw Pact d) United Nations
c) Warsaw Pact The term "Iron Curtain" refers to those countries that were under control of communist governments and the Soviet Union. The Warsaw Pact was a group of communist countries- led by the Soviet Union- who sought to solidify their control and resist the control of democratic countries, represented by the group "NATO."
The Cuban Revolution resulted in a) increased trade with the United States b) a Cold War ally with the United States c) a government that soon adopted communist reforms and ideals d) a more US friendly government than had existed there in the 1950s
c) a government that soon adopted communist reforms and ideals The Cuban Revolution was at first met with optimism from a U.S. point of view, but hope soon turned to horror as Fidel Castro established a government that soon adopted communist reforms and ideals.
Which of these events was MOST responsible for Senator Joseph McCarthy's concern about the spread of Communism after World War II? a) the building of the Berlin Wall b) the Cuban Missile Crisis c) the rise of Mao Zedong d) the Russian Revolution
c) the rise of Mao Zedong Of these choices, the rise of Mao Zedong is the correct answer. The success of the Chinese Communist Revolution as well as the Korean War were both view by some as failures of U.S. foreign policy. The Berlin Wall and Cuban Missile Crisis happened after McCarthy's wild and reckless accusations, while the Russian Revolution took place three decades prior.
Which of these most accurately represents the outcome of the Korean War? a) South Korea won b) North Korea won c) the United States won d) Containment was successful
d) Containment was successful The U.S. was not able to eliminate the Communist forces in North Korea. However, the official purpose of the war was to contain the Communists there and prevent the entire Korean peninsula from becoming Communist. Since this was the outcome, Containment was successful is the correct answer.
"It was a legal lynching which smears with blood a whole nation. By killing _______, you have quite simply tried to halt the progress of science by human sacrifice. Magic, witch-hunts... sacrifices — we are here getting to the point: your country is sick with fear... you are afraid of the shadow of your own bomb." -Jean-Paul Sartre, June, 1953 What name should go into the blank in this quote by philosopher and Nobel Prize winner Jean-Paul Sartre? a) Emmet Till b) Joseph McCarthy c) Martin Luther King, Jr. d) Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
d) Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Sartre is referring to the execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. They were Americans convicted of handing the Soviet Union secrets pertaining to the atomic bomb. Even though the evidence against Ethel was thin and the Rosenbergs had two small children, both were electrocuted June 19, 1953. Many in the United States and around the world protested their execution.
Which of these is an accurate description of the outcome of the "Army-McCarthy Hearings" in early 1954? a) McCarthy was Court Martialed for treason b) The Army continued to send troops to Asia c) The Army was found to have violated international law in committing war crimes in Korea d) McCarthy's accusations regarding communist infiltration of the government were discredited
d) McCarthy's accusations regarding communist infiltration of the government were discredited Following the nationally televised Senate hearings, Senator Joseph McCarthy's accusations regarding communist infiltration of the government were discredited. Under intense questioning by fellow Congressmen, McCarthy was exposed, to quote Army Counsel Joseph N. Welch, as a man "with no sense of decency," as well as a liar and a bully.
*U.S. Nuclear Stockpile Year Warheads (in thousands) 1950: 2 1955: 3.5 1960: 18 This table BEST explains which of these statements? a) The reason for the U.S.'s success during World War II b) The U.S. abandoned the diplomatic process following World War II c) After World War II, the U.S. withdrew from the international stage d) The U.S. continued its massive military spending following World War II
d) The U.S. continued its massive military spending following World War II This chart shows that the U.S. continued its massive military spending following World War II. Notice the incredible increase in nuclear warheads in the 15 years following the end of the war. And while it is true that the military was desegregated in the years following the war, this chart does not represent that trend.
Under the leadership of President Eisenhower, what steps did the United States take in regards to the policy of brinkmanship? a) The U.S. increased the size of its army and its navy b) The U.S. agreed to limit the production of nuclear weapons c) The U.S. failed to create the H-bomb before the Soviet Union d) The U.S. expanded its air force and its buildup of nuclear weapons
d) The U.S. expanded its air force and its buildup of nuclear weapons Under President Eisehower's leadership and the brinkmanship policy, the U.S. expanded its air force and its buildup of nuclear weapons. If needed, the Air Force would deliver bombs; thus, the U.S. reduced the size of its Army and Navy in order to expand the air force.
-United Nations -Marshall Plan -NATO -SEATO What do these terms have in common? a) They were all designed to stop communist forces b) They all failed to achieve their Cold War objectives c) The Soviet Union was prevented from joining and/or influencing them d) The United States was a major force in their creation and/or operation
d) The United States was a major force in their creation and/or operation For each of these groups, the United States was a major force in their creation and/or operation. The United Nations was NOT meant to stop the spread of a specific political philosophy but to keep international peace. NATO and SEATO were both created, however, to stop the spread of communism. It can also be argued that the organizations were all at least moderately successful, with the Marshall Plan proving to be an overwhelming success.
The original purpose of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was to a) prevent another world war b) create free trade between all nations c) limit pollution and the exploitation of natural resources d) provide for a defense pact against possible Soviet aggression
d) provide for a defense pact against possible Soviet aggression The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949. Its charter stated that the member states would 'agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all.' It was made up of mainly Western European countries allied with the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet-influenced countries created a similar organization called the Warsaw Pact.
The success of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) immediately after World War II is generally believed to have been dependent on the inclusion of _____ in the organization. a) China b) Russia c) Canada d) the United States
d) the United States The inclusion of the United States was vital to the success of NATO, an group that was formed to help reduce the risk of Soviet aggression in Europe. Though the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg formed the group that would become NATO earlier, the U.S. provided the military strength needed to make the organization successful.
When George Kennan first introduced the idea of containment as a major feature of United States foreign policy he meant that a) attacking South-East Asia would be the best way to contain communism b) the United States must expect to fight to end communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe c) since an arms race was inevitable with communist countries, the United States must have the greatest nuclear capability in the world d) the United States would not challenge communism in the countries where it already existed but would act to stop it from spreading, especially in Europe
d) the United States would not challenge communism in the countries where it already existed but would act to stop it from spreading, especially in Europe Containment was the response of George Kennan, a member of the State Department, to the changes that followed the Second World War. The Soviet Union had established satellite communist countries in Eastern Europe, and there was a great fear that the Soviets would try to spread communism to other countries. Kennan argued that the best foreign policy approach for the United States would be to make it clear that the the United States would not challenge communism in the countries where it already existed but would act to stop it from spreading, especially in Europe. So, communism would be contained to its present boundaries.