Unit exam part 2

The federal bureaucracy employs approximately ________ full-time civilian employees. 0/1 2,800,000 2,800 28,000 280,000 28,000,000

2,800,000

Which of the following is an example of a government corporation? 1/1 the Food and Drug Administration the Federal Elections Commission Amtrak the Occupational Safety and Health Administration the Environmental Protection Agency

Amtrack

Why do you think there are so many federal programs today with uncontrollable spending? 1/1 The increase in spending by congressional committees has allowed bureaucracies to spend more. Budget deficit are associated with bureaucracies, particularly entitlements programs, and this has caused the spending to be more than the allowed budget. Uncontrollable spending has been caused by the partisan politics in a divided government. This is not a reflective trend throughout the years. The net interest incurred by the growth of population has resulted in added money for budgets, and therefore allowing for uncontrollable spending.

Budget deficit are associated with bureaucracies, particularly entitlements programs, and this has caused the spending to be more than the allowed budget

Over which of the following does the president have the most direct control? 0/1 Cabinet departments Independent agencies Independent regulatory commissions Government corporations Congressional committees

Cabinet departments

Which of the following countries is NOT a member of NATO? 1/1 Canada Bulgaria China the United Kingdom the United States

China

The mission of the Department of Transportation is to ensure the safety and efficiency of the transportation system. The Department of Transportation has accepted public comments regarding the safety of automated vehicles in the United States in order to establish standards and guidelines for this new technology. Which of the following concepts is most related to the scenario? 0/1 Exclusive powers Reserved powers Delegated discretionary authority Enumerated legislative authority

Delegated discretionary authority

How do departments differ from independent agencies? 0/1 Department heads are appointed by the president; agency heads are not. Agency heads are part of the president's cabinet; department heads are not. Department heads are part of the president's cabinet; agency heads are not. Departments cover a wider range of functions than agencies. Agencies are typically larger than and include several departments.

Department heads are appointed by the president; agency heads are not.

Which Cabinet-level department has primary responsibility for U.S. foreign policy? Department of Defense Department of Justice Department of the Interior Department of Homeland Security Department of State

Department of State

According to the chart below, what type of policies did the American public expect the government to focus on : 1/1 Domestic Policies Foreign Policies

Domestic Policies

The ________ regulates the nation's monetary policy with the goal of avoiding both inflation and recession. 0/1 Federal Reserve Board Federal Trade Commission Securities and Exchange Commission Federal Communications Commission Office of Management and Budget

Federal Reserve Board

Which of the following is true of an executive agreement made between a United States President and another head of state? 0/1 It does not require Senate approval, but may require congressional allocation of funds for implementation. It does not require congressional funding because the President can use the power of the purse to raise implementation funds. It has more legal force than a treaty. It is binding on all succeeding Presidents and Congresses. It has been used extensively to end armed conflicts.

It does not require Senate approval, but may require congressional allocation of funds for implementation.

Which of the following statements best relates to the information shown in the infographic? 0/1 Despite many attempts at reform, some members of the federal bureaucracy are still hired through political patronage. Like most businesses, the federal government has to seek out well-qualified and diverse job candidates. Specialized skills, such as a background in STEM, are less important than a degree in political science for most jobs in the bureaucracy. Most members of the federal bureaucracy work near Washington, D.C., or in state capitals.

Like most businesses, the federal government has to seek out well-qualified and diverse job candidates.

How does an iron triangle work in creating change in public policy? 0/1 Members of Congress protect their constituencies and interest groups; constituencies reelect the congressional representatives and give money to interest groups; and interest groups support members of Congress and their constituencies. Interest groups provide funds to members of Congress and their constituencies, who in turn pressure the president to push through policies the interest groups want, at which point constituencies will give their economic support to interest groups. Members of Congress protect agencies and interest groups; agencies give special services to interest groups and congressional representatives' constituencies; and interest groups support members of Congress and agencies. Agencies supply services to the public and in return the public supports agency activities, which puts pressure on Congress to pass laws in favor of the agencies. Members of Congress from the same political party as the president support the president's policies and protect agencies that do the same; in return, the agencies help both when election time comes around.

Members of Congress protect agencies and interest groups; agencies give special services to interest groups and congressional representatives' constituencies; and interest groups support members of Congress and agencies.

The president and the ________ prepare the budget for submission to Congress. 1/1 Office of Management and Budget Budget Development Committee Presidential Budget Council Financial Advisement Commission Federal Reserve Bank

Office of Management and Budget

What does this table demonstrate? 0/1 Issue Networks Iron Triangle Policy Process PAC's

Policy Process

Which of the following is an example of a distributive policy? 1/1 Social Security welfare program Head Start job-training program food stamps

Social Security

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on the pattern shown in the bar chart? 0/1 Changing national priorities have caused a drop in spending for the Department of Homeland Security. Special circumstances in 2005 and 2018 led Congress to approve supplemental appropriations. Bureaucratic rule making has led to a gradual increase in supplemental appropriations over time. Ideological divisions in Congress have led to gradual increases in annual appropriations.

Special circumstances in 2005 and 2018 led Congress to approve supplemental appropriations

Which of the following is an example of the executive branch implementing a public policy passed by Congress? 1/1 The Department of Health and Human Services determines eligibility requirements for government assistance. As chief diplomat, the president negotiates a treaty that is then ratified by the Senate. A Federal Trade Commission official is asked to testify before Congress about the agency's activities. Congress passes a law reorganizing the structure of the federal bureaucracy.

The Department of Health and Human Services determines eligibility requirements for government assistance.

Which of the following is likely to occur as a result of new legislation regarding automobile safety? 0/1 The Supreme Court will be asked to review the legislation annually. States will be empowered to begin automobile manufacturing. The Department of Transportation will be given discretionary authority to create auto regulations. Mandatory spending will be required in all future federal budgeting for the program.

The Department of Transportation will be given discretionary authority to create auto regulations.

Cabinet departments differ from independent regulatory agencies in which of the following ways? 0/1 The President can use an executive order to create a cabinet department but not to create an independent regulatory agency. The President can dismiss cabinet officers, but not commissioners of independent regulatory agencies. The President seeks appointees who reflect administration views in making cabinet appointments but not in making appointments to independent regulatory agencies. Through the appropriations process, Congress can exert control over the cabinet departments but not over independent regulatory agencies. The courts can overrule regulations issued by cabinet departments, but not those issued by independent regulatory agencies.

The President can dismiss cabinet officers, but not commissioners of independent regulatory agencies.

Who instituted the Marshall Plan and who benefited directly from it? 1/1 The Soviet Union instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Eastern Europe. Germany instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit the United States. Italy instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Western Europe. Eastern Europe instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Western Europe. The United States instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Eastern Europe

The United States instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Eastern Europe

Which of the following was a consequence of the spoils, or patronage, system? 0/1 The federal bureaucracy was staffed with people who lacked expertise. There was low turnover in the federal bureaucracy between presidential administrations. Only wealthy people could get jobs in the federal bureaucracy. There was less government corruption. Voter turnout in presidential elections decreased.

The federal bureaucracy was staffed with people who lacked expertise.

Iron triangles have been replaced by issue networks for which of the following reasons? 0/1 The increase in corporate-sponsored interest groups made one corner of the iron triangle too powerful. Because interest groups no longer have the kinds of influence they once had, public opinion as gleaned through polls has taken their place. Fewer numbers of small, highly specialized groups has made one corner of the iron triangle less functional. Issue networks consist of large numbers of individuals who are specialized in different fields and can provide Congress with needed information that the members of the iron triangle could not. Increasing numbers of small, highly specialized groups have made one corner of the iron triangle harder to fill with a steady occupant.

The increase in corporate-sponsored interest groups made one corner of the iron triangle too powerful.

Which of the following trends is best supported by the information in the table? 1/1 The number of treaties has increased over time. The number of treaties has decreased over time. The number of executive agreements has increased over time. The number of executive agreements has decreased over time.

The number of executive agreements has increased over time.

Which of the following is most consistent with the foreign policy of isolationism? 1/1 a country's refusal to intervene in an armed conflict between two other countries a country's willingness to use diplomatic sanctions to pressure another country to address human rights violations the George W. Bush administration's policy of actively rooting out terrorism before a threat has fully developed the United States' involvement in World War II multilateral trade agreements

a country's refusal to intervene in an armed conflict between two other countries

What are the three sides of an iron triangle? 1/1 a federal department or agency, the president, and a set of interest groups a federal department or agency, a set of interest groups, and a House and/or Senate and/or committee Congressional a set of interest groups, a House and/or Senate committee, and a public opinion group a federal department or agency, a House and/or Senate committee, and the president a House and/or Senate committee, a set of interest groups, and a set of campaign contributors

a federal department or agency, a set of interest groups, and a House and/or Senate and/or committee Congressional

Rules and regulations created by an agency such as the Federal Communications Commission are called 1/1 constitutional law statutory law common law equity law administrative law

administrative law

Which of the following would be an example of a redistributive policy? 0/1 an increase in defense spending to build more ships an improvement program for national parks an educational program for poor minority high school students an educational program to provide additional training for air traffic controllers funding to build a new cross-country interstate

an educational program for poor minority high school students

The workforce of the federal bureaucracy is composed of just over ____________ men. 1/1 apprx. 55 percent apprx. 60 percent apprx. 45 percent apprx. 65 percent apprx. 30 percent

apprx. 55 percent

Why has the United States refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol? 1/1 because of the belief that the U.S. economy would be weakened by the emissions limits imposed by the treaty because fewer than 20 nations have signed it so it is not well supported internationally because now that many manufacturing jobs have been relocated to Mexico, emissions are of less concern in the United States than previously because U.S. government officials believe that global warming is caused by natural cycles, not by emissions because emissions will not be a problem much longer now that the United States and other countries are moving toward green energy

because of the belief that the U.S. economy would be weakened by the emissions limits imposed by the treaty

Why are isolationists dissatisfied with contemporary U.S. foreign policy? 1/1 because the United States does not do enough to address human rights abuses because the United States has ignored atrocities in Africa and other developing countries because the United States has allowed China to catch up economically because the United States has refused to work with its allies to address terrorism because the United States actively inserts itself into international affairs

because the United States actively inserts itself into international affairs

The __________ is a form of organization that delivers goods and services at the lowest cost through the specialization of jobs, close supervision of employees, and uniform regulations and procedures. 1/1 administration bureaucracy cabinet civil service iron triangle

bureaucracy

Which of the following groups might want to use the Freedom of Information Clearinghouse as a resource? 0/1 citizens who want to access Federal Bureau of Investigation files about themselves congressional representatives who need more information on confidentiality issues researchers who want to investigate cases that have involved government secrets government officials who want to find out what citizens would like to see accomplished citizens who want to become more involved in public policy issues

citizens who want to become more involved in public policy issues

The ________ system was created to ensure employees were hired based on merit, not their political connections. 1/1 civil service equal opportunity bureaucracy merit fair trade

civil service

The constitutional powers of the president include all of the following EXCEPT 1/1 acting as head of military vetoing legislation declaring war granting pardons appointing ambassadors

declaring war

The largest organizational unit in the federal bureaucracy is a(n) __________. 1/1 agency bureau commission corporation department

department

What are the four broad types of departments and agencies for which federal employees work? 0/1 federal departments, state departments, independent agencies, and independent regulatory commissions departments, cabinets, independent agencies, and independent regulatory commissions departments, administrations, independent agencies, and independent regulatory commissions departments, independent stand-alone agencies, independent regulatory commissions, and government corporations federal departments, state departments, agencies, and government corporations

departments, independent stand-alone agencies, independent regulatory commissions, and government corporations

What is the primary responsibility of the secretary of state? 1/1 national defense policy homeland security intelligence diplomacy military policy

diplomacy

Why was the spoils system ultimately discontinued? 0/1 due to growing concerns about a poorly functioning federal bureaucracy due to public pressure to shrink the size of the federal bureaucracy due to a Supreme Court decision ruling the spoils system unconstitutional due to the diversification of federal bureaucracy following the Civil War due to congressional demands for greater control over the federal bureaucracy

due to growing concerns about a poorly functioning federal bureaucracy

Programs that provide resources to all citizens who are eligible, such as Medicare for older citizens and natural disaster relief for victims of floods and hurricanes, are called _______. * 1/1 entitlement programs distributive spending discretionary programs non-programmatic spending central clearance

entitlement programs

Presidential appointees in the federal bureaucracy __________. 0/1 may remain in office until there is a new party majority in Congress generally leave their post at the end of the president's term in office often remain in office despite political changes serve fixed terms of office lasting two years serve fixed terms of office lasting four years

generally leave their post at the end of the president's term in office

The Obama administration has argued that it is in the world's best interests to limit access to nuclear materials, which is an example of which of the following policy approaches? 0/1 realism unilateralism idealism isolationism containment

idealism

When three years after the Bush Doctrine was announced, the Bush administration changed course and began working to bring other nations such as Russia, France, and Germany into the debate over issues in the Middle East, what policy approach was being used? 0/1 unilateralism multilateralism isolationism preemption deterrence

isolationism

The selection of employees for government agencies on the basis of competence, with no consideration of an individual's political stance and/or power, is called the ________. 1/1 merit system spoils system supply-and-demand system contractual system reciprocity principle

merit system

The primary purpose of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is to 0/1 strengthen the mutual defense agreements between the countries of western Europe set up a mutual defense agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada encourage trade between the United States and the countries of western Europe reduce trade barriers between the United States, Mexico, and Canada set up a system whereby the countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Bloc could be admitted to North Atlantic Treaty Organization

reduce trade barriers between the United States, Mexico, and Canada

What role is the Environmental Protection Agency taking when it sets limits on air pollution from power plants? 0/1 regulation adjudication intervention oversight deliberation

regulation

The Hatch Act prohibits federal employees from engaging in what activity? 1/1 adjudicating legal disputes exercising administrative discretion running for elected office refusing to implement laws passed by Congress ignoring the directives of the president

running for elected office

Officials of which department are invariably the most vocal advocates of foreign aid? 1/1 the Department of Homeland Security the National Security Agency the Office of Global Communications the Department of State the Department of Defense

the Department of State

Which international organization was created after World War II at the urging of the United States? 0/1 the League of Nations the United Nations the Warsaw Pact the World Trade Organization the Marshall Plan

the United Nations

Which of the following countries is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council? 1/1 Germany India Spain Italy the United States

the United States

All of the following make it difficult for presidents to control the actions of federal agencies EXCEPT 1/1 the civil service system issue networks (iron triangles) bureaucratic inertia bureaucratic noncompliance the appointment of cabinet heads

the appointment of cabinet heads

Who serves on the Joint Chiefs of Staff? 0/1 the Cabinet secretaries the leaders of the armed forces the president's foreign policy advisors the White House military intelligence corps the secretary of defense, the secretary of Homeland Security, and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency

the leaders of the armed forces

The usefulness to the President of having cabinet members as political advisers is undermined by the fact that______________________. 1/1 the President has little latitude in choosing cabinet members cabinet members have no political support independent of the President cabinet members are usually drawn from Congress and retain loyalties to Congress the loyalties of cabinet members are often divided between loyalty to the President and loyalty to their own executive departments the cabinet operates as a collective unit and individual members have no access to the President

the loyalties of cabinet members are often divided between loyalty to the President and loyalty to their own executive departments

Who has the ultimate authority and control over U.S. foreign and military policy? 1/1 Congress the president the State Department the National Security Council the Joint Chiefs of Staff

the president

Cabinet secretaries are appointed by __________ and confirmed by __________. 0/1 the president; the Senate the president; the House of Representatives the president; the Supreme Court the Senate; the president the House of Representatives; the Supreme Court

the president; the Senate

What is the primary responsibility of the Department of Defense? 0/1 to provide for homeland security to implement military policy to develop foreign policy to coordinate domestic security efforts to advise the president about national security threats

to advise the president about national security threats

What was the purpose of the Hatch Act? 1/1 to prohibit federal employees from engaging in partisan political activity to promote transparency in the federal bureaucracy to limit congressional control of the federal bureaucracy to prohibit awarding government jobs based on partisan loyalty to authorize greater use of discretion in bureaucratic decision-making

to prohibit federal employees from engaging in partisan political activity

In which of the following areas is the United States most likely to become embroiled in a dispute with China? 1/1 trade policy antiterrorism policy military conflict immigration policy environmental policy

trade policy