Unit II Psychology AP

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationships between two variables?

-.85

In a normal distribution, what percentage of the score in the distribution falls within one standard deviation of either side of the mean?

68 percent

What must a researcher do to fulfill the ethical principle of informed consent?

Allow participants whether to choose to take part

Why is an operational definition necessary when reporting research findings?

An operational definition allows others to replicate the procedure.

Which of the following question is best investigated by means of survey?

Are students more likely to be politically liberal or conservative?

An individual with an exceptional memory is identified. She is capable of recalling major events , the weather and what she did on any given date. What research method is being used if a psychologist conducts an in-depth investigation of this individual including a questionnaire, brain scans, and memory scans?

Case study

Which of the following beliefs would most likely be by an individual in a collectivist culture?

Children should be encouraged to develop harmonious relationships.

Which of the following is most important when conducting survey research?

Choosing a representative sample

Which ethical principle requires that at the end of the study participants be told about the true purpose of the research?

Debriefing

After the student council election, a friend tells you he has known for weeks who would be elected president. What does this seem to illustrate?

Hindsight bias

A testable prediction that drives research is known as a(n)

Hypothesis

Researchers have discovered that individuals with lower income levels report fewer hours of total sleep. Therefore,

Income and sleep levels are positively correlated

While taking a standardized tests with random,g scrambled answers, you notice that your last four answers have been "c." Which of the following is true concerning the probability of the next answer being "c"?

It is unaffected by previous answers. It is as likely to be "c" as any other answer.

Which of the following is an example of hindsight bias?

Marcy cannot recognize a definition on a flashcard. After turning the card over and viewing the term, she tells herself she knew what the answers was all along.

Which statistical measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme scores?

Mean

A researcher looking for gender differences in 3-year olds observes a preschool class and records how many minutes children of each gender play with dolls. She then compares the two sets of numbers. What type of descriptive research is she conducting?

Naturalistic observation

Researchers are interested in finding out if winning Congressional candidates display more positive facial expressions than losing candidates. The researchers attend political debates and record how frequently each candidate positive facial expressions. Which research method are the researchers using

Naturalistic observation

What do we call the tendency to exaggerate the correctness of accuracy of our beliefs and predictions prior to testing?

Overconfidence

Which of the following is an example of negative correlation?

People who spend more time exercising tend to weigh less

Which of the following is more likely to be emphasized in individualist cultures than in collectivist cultures?

Personal achievement

Which of the following is a measure of variation?

Range

The purpose of random assignment is to

Reduce potential confounding variables.

Which of the following is only used in correlation studies?

Scatter plot

Descriptive statistics ______ while, inferential statistics_____.

Summarize data; determine if data can be generalized to other populations.

A researcher calculates statistical significance for her study and finds a 5 percent chance that results are due to chance. Which of the following is an accurate interpretation of this finding?

This is the minimum result typically considered statistically significant