Unit IV: Multiple Choice #1

Because she was listening to the news on the radio, Mrs. Schultz didn't perceive a word her husband was saying. Her experience best illustrates a. selective attention. b. gate-control theory. c. opponent-process theory. d. choice blindness. e. gestalt.

A

Complete sensation in the absence of complete perception is best illustrated by a. prosopagnosia. b. color constancy. c. conduction deafness. d. sensory interaction. e. Weber's law.

A

In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. This illustrated a. inattentional blindness. b. figure-ground. c. opponent-process theory. d. blind spot. e. visual cliff.

A

Light-wave amplitude determines the a. intensity of colors. b. firing of rods in the retina. c. parallel processing of a scene. d. curvature and thickness of the lens. e. color hue we experience.

A

The fact that fear may increase your sensitivity to an almost imperceptible pain stimulus is of most relevance to a. signal detection theory. b. the Young-Helmholtz theory. c. opponent-process theory. d. frequency theory. e. place theory.

A

The process by which we select, organize, and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects and events is called a. perception. b. parallel processing. c. sensation. d. sensory adaptation. e. accommodation.

A

Trying to see a hidden representational image in a piece of abstract art by looking carefully at each element in the picture and trying to form an image employs which kind of perceptual process? a. bottom-up processing b. interposition c. retinal disparity d. perceptual adaptation e. selective attention

A

Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the a. occipital lobe. b. sensory receptors. c. feature detectors. d. cerebral cortex. e. optic nerve.

B

The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as a. the difference threshold. b. Weber's law. c. the opponent-process theory. d. sensory interaction. e. feature detection.

B

In University of Utah driving-simulation experiments, students conversing on cell phones were slower to detect and respond to traffic signals. This best illustrates a. place theory. b. the phi phenomenon. c. selective attention. d. gate-control theory. e. retinal disparity.

C

Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of a. absolute thresholds. b. parallel processing. c. sensory adaptation. d. difference thresholds. e. sensory interaction.

D

Photographs of people were rated more positively if the photos immediately followed a briefly flashed image of kittens. This best illustrates the impact of a. prosopagnosia. b. sensory adaptation. c. priming. d. interposition. e. retinal disparity.

C

Accommodation refers to the a. process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural messages. b. system for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints. c. quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation. d. process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina. e. diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.

D

Compared with rods, cones are a. more sensitive to dim light and less sensitive to fine detail. b. more sensitive to any light and less sensitive to fine detail. c. more sensitive to dim light and more sensitive to fine detail. d. less sensitive to dim light and more sensitive to fine detail. e. less sensitive to dim light and less sensitive to fine detail.

D

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the a. fovea. b. blind spot. c. cornea. d. pupil. e. iris.

D

The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the a. lens. b. cornea. c. visual cortex. d. blind spot. e. pupil.

D

Which of the following is the correct order of structures light passes through in the eye? a. pupil, optic nerve, retina, lens, rods b. retina, lens, cornea, rods, cones c. lens, cornea, pupil, retina, iris d. cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina e. pupil, cornea, retina, lens, optic nerve

D

Which theory can best explain why people respond differently to the same stimuli? a. bottom-up theory b. the Young-Helmholtz theory c. frequency theory d. signal detection theory e. opponent-process theory

D

Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds? a. opponent-process theory b. bottom-up theory c. frequency theory d. signal detection theory e. place theory

D

Audiotapes of soothing ocean sounds accompanied by faint and imperceptible verbal messages designed to increase a desire to lose weight best illustrate a. synaesthesia. b. difference thresholds. c. parallel processing. d. sensory interaction. e. subliminal stimulation.

E

Standing atop a mountain on an utterly dark, clear night, most of us would see a candle flame atop another mountain 30 miles away. This best illustrates a. priming. b. transduction. c. a just noticeable difference. d. place theory. e. the absolute threshold.

E

The constant quivering movements of our eyes enable us to a. see in low levels of light. b. perceive speed more accurately. c. adjust the size of the pupil. d. focus the light on our retina. e. minimize sensory adaptation.

E

The detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called a. synaesthesia. b. accommodation. c. signal detection. d. priming. e. sensation.

E

While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates a. blind spot. b. top-down processing. c. bottom-up processing. d. gate-control theory. e. change blindness.

E

You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This best illustrates a. change blindness. b. the visual cliff. c. fovea. d. subliminal perception. e. selective attention.

E