Unit Test- Age of Reason Short Answer
What did the slave traders do with the leftover fish? Why did this shock Equiano?
They threw it all back over board, which shocked Equiano because they could've given it to the slaves, yet didn't. Shocking how little they cared.
Provide an example of personification as used by Wheatley as well as the name of the poem the example comes from.
"Soon as the sun forsook the eastern main..." (Line 1, pg.182) Sun can't physically abandon something, but that is what Wheatley was describing in her poem "A Hymn to the Evening".
Explain one example of Wheatley using double meaning in the poem "To His Excellency, George Washington."
"While freedom's cause her anxious breast alarms..." (Line 3, pg.185). This means that since freedom is being called to action, people are preparing themselves.
Compare and contrast Adams' private letter to Crevecoeur's epistle.
Adams' private letter was a more conversational letter written to her daughter. It showed more of her opinions, like what she thought of the white house. Since it is a private letter, she can keep her opinions secret, pretending as though she likes it. She states, "You must keep all this to yourself, and, when asked how I like it, say that I write you the situation is beautiful, which is true. The house is made habitable, but there is not a single apartment finished, and all withinside, except the plastering, has been done since Briesler came." (page 218) While Crèvecoeur's letter is also a description of his American experience, he describes it differently. His letter is less of his opinion, and more of a broad statement about what American life is like. He states, "The American is a new man, who acts upon new principles' he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions. From involuntary idleness, servile dependence, penury, and useless labor, he has passed to toils of a very different nature, rewarded by ample subsistence-This is an American." (page 222)
What do all of the pieces from this unit have in common? How do they differ? How does this relate to the time period?
All of the pieces in this unit are a description of early American life. From demanding rights to building a constitution, these show how the country was made and how everyone could show their opinion to make this country worth living in. In all of the pieces, discontent in early America is described. Even Abigail Adams, who is wealthy and as the First Lady has the ideal life, is not content in America. She describes how the white house isn't a home in her letter to her daughter. The slave narratives and poems by Phillis Wheatley show oppression in America by the colonists, the essays by Jefferson, Paine, and Franklin show oppression by the king, and the Poem by Crevecoeur shows that immigrants have to work very hard to get by. Even though these people all have struggles, they differ because their struggles are all different. For example, the slaves are being oppressed by slave owners like Ben Franklin, even though he is fighting for his own liberation from the king. All of this conflict and struggle is caused because America was a new country that was full of possibilities, and everyone wanted those opportunities for themselves.
In what year did Franklin first begin writing The Autobiography?
Benjamin Franklin wrote the beginning of The Autobiography, "in 1771 at the age of sixty-five," (p. 140). His friends then encouraged him to write three more sections which became his life between 1757 to 1759. Although, Benjamin Franklin never finished it.
How did Equiano utilize pathos?
Equiano utilized pathos in several different places. He appealed to the audiences emotions by describing the conditions of the slave ship, where he states, "....but now that the whole ship's cargo were confined together, it became absolutely pestilential. The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us." He also describes his treatment from the Europeans. The Europeans had caught fish one day, and "when they had killed and satisfied themselves with as many as they thought fit, to our astonishment who were on deck, rather than give any of them to us to eat, as we expected, they tossed the remaining fish into the sea again, although we begged and prayed for some as well as we could, but in vain...."(page 162)
What did Benjamin Franklin include on most pages of Poor Richard's Almanack?
Franklin included aphorisms and numerous literary and rhetorical devices such as, "Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation" (page. 143) "Poor Richard's Almanack also featured a wealth of homespun sayings and observations, many of which are still quoted today. It was these aphorisms, with their characteristic moral overtones, that made the Almanack a bestseller. Franklin put an aphorism at the top or bottom of most pages og his almanacs." (p. 140)
How does Franklin utilize logos in The Autobiography?
Franklin logos in retrospect and because he is the one who created the 14 values to live by, points towards him being an expert on the topic, "...I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection." (page. 143)
What happened to the slave who was rescued after jumping overboard in Equiano's narrative?
He was flogged unmercifully. "However, two of the wretches were drowned, but they got the other, and afterwards flogged him unmercifully, thus attempting to prefer death to slavery".
What does Jefferson mean when he says that one does not change a government for "light" causes?
Jefferson means that it takes a lot to change a government and the process shouldn't happen for small reasons.
How does Mencken's essay differ from Murray's?
Mencken's essay differs from Murray's because Mencken's essay is more aggressive, as a male, he talks more about how men are at fault to how women are oppressed in society. Murray speaks more generally about the topic, and says simply that if women were actually given opportunities to do more than housework, they could really succeed. She speaks more logically, like when she talks about how we think two-year-old boys are smarter than two-year-old girls.
Why does Murray utilize rhetorical questions in her speech?
Murray utilizes rhetorical questions in her speech to really emphasize how illogical it is for women to be oppressed when they just simply aren't given the opportunities to succeed. It really makes you reflect on how unfair it is.
How does Paine utilize charged words in his essay?
Paine utilizes charged words in his essay to really hype people up and get them to produce a strong emotional response. It really puts an emphasis on his argument and it's very convincing.
How do the audiences of Jefferson and Paine differ? How does the writing of each author reflect this?
Paine was writing for a colonial newspaper of some sort, while Jefferson is writing to the government or other officials. Paine's writing isn't very formal and he is just trying to get the point across without "decorating" the text, and making it easy to understand by just about anyone who could read, "I turn with the warm ardor of a friend to those who have nobly stood, and yet are determined to stand the matter out:..." (pg.175) Jefferson on the other hand uses very formal writing with a lot of big words that most uneducated common people wouldn't understand during that time, "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights;..." (pg.170)
When was "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano" published
Published in 1789.
What are the thirteen virtues listed by Franklin?
The 13 values listed by Benjamin Franklin in The Autobiography were, " temperance... silence... Order... Resolution... Frugality... Industry... Sincerity... justice...moderation...cleanliness... Tranquility...chastity...humility" (pages 143-144).
How does the diction in Henry's speech differ from that of Franklin's speech?
The diction is Henry's speech is very assertive and determined. It is less formal and rallying. On the contrary, Franklin's speech is very formal and polite. He contradicts himself to stay polite and careful.
Who is the intended audience for Henry's speech?
The intended audience for Patrick Henry's speech is colonists who want to fight against the hierarchy of Britain. It is very persuasive and uses repetition to embed that they must fight.
What was the main purpose of Paine's "The Crisis"?
The main purpose of Paine's "The Crisis" was to outline the obstacles the colonies were facing in struggle with Britain, "Tyranny, like hell, is not conquered; yet we have this consolation with ys, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph." (pg.174)
What is the purpose of Murray's essay?
The purpose of Murray's essay is to convince people to let women have the same opportunities as men because they are just as qualified to.