Unit Two Quiz Reviews

Which of the following situations is protected under the provisions in the 6th Amendment?

When preparing for trial, both the prosecution and the defense may reject potential jurors in order to achieve an impartial jury.

The language in the 5th Amendment that guarantees protection from being tried twice at the same level of government for the same crime is generally referred to as our protection from-

double jeopardy.

The Warren Court (1953 - 1969) was known for which of the following?

expanding the rights of criminal defendants

A law or act of government that stops someone from publishing an article critical of the President before it has been released to the public is unconstitutional and is called-

prior restraint.

In Plessy v. Ferguson(1896), the Supreme Court established the doctrine of-

separate but equal

Which of the following did the most to expand civil rights in the 1950s?

the Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education

Until 1925 the Bill of Rights' protections were interpreted to apply only to-

the national government.

Which of the following is the term for a policy that seeks to encourage underrepresented or minority groups in achieving equality in employment, education and government contracts?

Affirmative Action

What is the purpose of the 10th Amendment?

It reserves power to the states where the federal government does not or chooses not to exercise its power.

In the context of the modern United States, the most important provision of the third amendment is best described by which of the following statements.

The 3rd Amendment has been used to argue that our homes lie within a "zone of privacy".

In Mapp v. Ohio, the Supreme Court established the exclusionary rule and protected our constitutional right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. These constitutional protections are found in which amendment?

The 4th Amendment.

Which of the following is a true statement about the Supreme Court's current interpretation of free speech?

Only speech that calls for "imminent lawless action" presents enough danger to allow for government restriction.

Which of the following cases showed that the Supreme Court was willing to uphold the rights of the states to put limits on abortions, including a 24 hour waiting period, and parental permission for girls under 18?

Planned Parenthood v. Casey

Which of the following statements best describes the Supreme Court's decisions surrounding the 2nd Amendment?

The government does not have the right to ban gun ownership but some regulation of firearms is constitutional.

The provisions for civil, not criminal disputes are found in the-

7th Amendment.

During the second half of the twentieth century the struggle for racial equality reopened the issue of states rights versus national power. Which of the following cases helped to establish the right of the national government to set standards for racial equality?

Brown v. Board of Education

Which of the following cases was the first case to use the 14th Amendment's due process clause to apply the 1st Amendment's provision of free speech to state law?

Gitlow v. New York (1925)

Which of the following cases were important in establishing the right to privacy under the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 9th and 14th amendments?

Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade

Which of the following was directly responsible for ending Jim Crow laws that allowed segregation in public places?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

One of the more controversial provisions in recent years has been the provision against "cruel and unusual punishments". Which of the following statements best describes the Court's views on the 8th Amendment?

The Court has not created a test for what constitutes "cruel and unusual", but it has continued to narrow the situations under which the death penalty may be applied.

The 19th Amendment helped to make the American political system more democratic by-

extending voting rights to women.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about our right to privacy?

The right to privacy is explicitly stated in the Constitution and in the 9th Amendment.

This piece of legislation has done the most to help create equal opportunities for women in education and has led to a growth in women's athletics.

Title IX

Along with freedom of religion, speech and the press, the 1st Amendment also protects our right to-

peaceably assemble.

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, was a landmark 2010 court cases which said that individuals, corporations, and unions could donate unlimited funds to independent political groups as long as these groups do not seek the election of a particular candidate. They argued that to limit these donations was unconstitutional because-

people express opinion through donations so to limit them would be a violation of free speech.

Among the laws targeted by civil rights groups in the south using the due process and equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment were a group of laws that required segregation by race in public and private facilities called-

Jim Crow laws.

In the 1950's and 60's many Americans took part in protest marches and sit-ins to express their opposition to segregation. The conscious decision to break a law believed to be unjust for political reasons is called-

civil disobedience.

The Anti-Federalists opposed the new constitution because they believed that it-

created a government that would be an enemy to freedom and a threat to individual rights.

Most of the 8th Amendment cases that the Supreme Court has taken have addressed the issue of-

cruel and unusual punishment.

Segregation that occurs in fact, but is not supported by law is called-

de facto segregation.

On of the most famous amendments to be proposed but not ratified, was the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). It failed because it-

did not pass in three-fourths of the state legislatures.

In Near v. Minnesota (1931) and in New York Times v. United States (1971), the Supreme Court established an important principle when dealing with freedom of the press called the principle of-

prior restraint.

Our "Miranda rights", as established by the 5th Amendment, were an attempt by the Supreme Court to protect criminal suspects against-

self-incrimination and unfair police interrogation.

A suspect class is defined as a class of individuals-

that have been historically subject to discrimination.

"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people." This statement is found in-

the 10th Amendment.

The standard used by the Supreme Court to decide if a law or other government action creates an "excessive government entanglement" with religion is referred to as-

the Lemon test.

Because of the role religious persecution played in the establishment of this country, the Framers wrote protections for religion into the 1st Amendment. These protections are found in-

the establishment clause and the free exercise clause.

In Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972), the Supreme Court ruled that Amish parents were not required to send their children to school after the 8th grade and could not be prosecuted under a Wisconsin law which required school attendance through age 16. The justices in a unanimous decision said that this would be a violation of-

the free exercise clause of the 1st Amendment.

The Supreme Court has consistently found that civil rights cases involving a suspect class, involving race, national origin, or religion must pass-

the strict scrutiny test.

On December 1st in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Park refused to give up her seat on a bus. This act would eventually lead to the Supreme Court declaring that Alabama's laws calling for segregation on buses were illegal. This is an example of-

the use of civil disobedience to bring about a change in government policy.