Unit6 Exam
The classification of underweight is achieved when the BMI first drops below
18.5
Approximately how many kcalories per week should be expended in physical activity in order to maintain a weight loss?
2500
What is the principal reason that appetite is turned off immediately after a person finishes an intense workout?
Glucose and fatty acids are still abundant in the blood.
Which of the following is a feature of gastric surgery for the treatment of clinically severe obesity?
It diminishes the amount of food that can be eaten without GI distress.
What are the observed effects of sleep deprivation on leptin and ghrelin?
Leptin decreases while ghrelin increases
What is the principal reason that the FDA has banned the sale of products containing ephedrine?
The products were implicated in several cases of heart attacks and seizures.
To assess body composition, health-care professionals most often use BMI and ____.
Waist circumference
The enzyme ____________________ plays a major role in the metabolism and transport of lipids,
lipoprotein lipase
What is the approximate daily basal metabolism of a 110-pound woman?
1000
What is the approximate body mass index of a woman who is 5'5" and 125 lbs?
21
What is the ideal range of body fat content for women between 20 and 39 years of age?
23-26%
What is the approximate value for the thermic effect of a 2500-kcalorie diet?
250 kcals
Jacki, who has a sedentary lifestyle, is 5'5" tall and weighs 165 lbs. She calculated her BMI to be 27.5. She recognizes that her body weight is unhealthy and vows to improve her eating habits and begin a regular program of physical fitness. Her goal is to achieve a BMI of 22. Approximately how much weight (lbs) must she lose?
33
About how long does it take for a meal to be completely eliminated from the stomach?
4 hours
What minimum amount of body weight loss (lbs) is shown to improve physical capabilities and quality of life?
5-10
Which statement describes an association between energy measurement and foods?
The physiological fuel value of a food is almost always lower than the energy value of that food as determined by bomb calorimetry.
The brain chemical neuropeptide Y is known to specifically enhance the craving for ____.
carbohydrate
According to much research, in what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with the highest risks for cardiovascular disease?
Abdomen
What fraction of the day's energy expenditure of the average person is represented by the basal metabolism?
About 2/3
Which statement correctly identifies a specific food intake behavior?
A desire to eat without feelings of hunger is called appetite
You are planning a diet for a hospitalized patient who cannot participate in physical activity because both of his legs are broken and he will be bedridden for six weeks. Which measurement would best assess the patient's energy expenditure?
Basal metabolic rate
Of the following, which is among the recommended strategies for weight gain in an underweight person?
Behavior modification training
What characterizes the eating pattern of people with bulimia nervosa?
Binge eating typically occurs after a period of strict dieting.
What is the most common eating disorder in both males and females?
Binge-eating disorder
Why does use of the BMI overestimate the prevalence of obesity in the African-American population?
Blacks have denser bones and higher body protein concentrations than whites.
Which of the following describes a relationship between leptin and energy balance?
Blood levels of leptin usually correlate directly with body fat.
Which measurements are all used to compute a woman's BMR?
Body weight, height, and age
Which of the following is a feature of taking diet histories to gauge energy intake?
Both normal and obese people commonly misreport actual energy intakes.
Which hormone is most responsible for signaling satiety as well as reducing food intake during a meal?
Cholecystokinin
Which of the following would be part of a successful program of weight gain in an underweight individual?
Eat energy-dense foods.
What is the rationale for the fat cell theory of obesity?
Fat cell number increases most readily in late childhood and early puberty.
What is the rationale for the fat cell theory of obesity?
Fat cell number increases most readily in late childhood and early puberty.
Why, in part, is weight loss more successful with exercise and also after bypass surgery?
Ghrelin levels are relatively low.
What is the principal reason that appetite is turned off immediately after a person finishes an intense workout?
Glucose and fatty acids are still abundant in the blood.
What is the significance of the uncoupling proteins in adipose tissue?
Increased loss of energy as heat
A graph of the relationship between mortality (Y or vertical axis) and body mass index is shaped like a(n) ____.
J
Which of the following is known to promote fat storage in adipocytes?
Lipoprotein lipase
What is the main explanation for the difference in basal metabolic rates between males and females of the same body weight?
Males have a higher percentage of lean body mass
Which of the following is a relation of "spot reducing" to exercise?
No exercise can target fat removal from any specific area of the body.
Which of the following defines central obesity?
Storage of excess fat around the trunk of the body
Which of the following defines the body's set point?
Point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight
What is a feature of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Pregnancy increases the BMR.
What is the most satiating macronutrient?
Protein
In ____________________, the surgeon constructs a small stomach pouch and creates an outlet directly to the small intestine, bypassing most of the stomach, the entire duodenum, and some of the jejunum.
gastric bypass surgery
____________________ is secreted primarily by the stomach cells and promotes eating and weight gain by increasing smell sensitivity, stimulating appetite, and promoting efficient energy storage.
ghrelin
Research in obese people seems to show that there is less susceptibility to health problems provided that the excess body fat is distributed around the ____.
hips and thighs
An index of a person's weight in relation to height is called ____.
body mass index
An index of a person's weight in relation to height is called ____.
body mass index
Which measurement can be used to gauge the amount of a person's abdominal fat?
Waist circumference
To estimate the energy requirements of individuals, which factor is used in the calculation?
Weight
An example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to
keep a record of your eating habits.
The weight of a body minus the fat content is known as the ____.
lean body mass
____________________ maintains homeostasis by regulating food intake and energy expenditure in response to adipose tissue.
leptin
Clinically severe obesity is also known as
morbid obesity.
If a dancer and a typist are the same height and have the exact same body build, the dancer will be heavier because she has ____.
more muscle mass
The amount of energy that the body derives from foods is known as the ____.
physiological fuel value
Because obesity apparently has many causes, even in a single individual, the best approach seems to be
prevention.
The major function of lipoprotein lipase is to
remove triglycerides from blood for storage.
The most likely explanation for why women readily store fat around the hips whereas men readily store fat around the abdomen is gender differences in
the activity of lipoprotein lipase.
The most likely explanation for why women readily store fat around the hips whereas men readily store fat around the abdomen is gender differences in
the activity of lipoprotein lipase.
What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long-term basis for most overweight people?
0.5-2 lbs/week
What is the range of body fat content for normal-weight men 20-39 years of age?
18-21%
What would be the approximate weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcalories daily for one month?
4 lbs
Among the following, which is the most important strategy for an underweight person who wishes to achieve a healthy body weight?
A high-kcalorie diet plus regular exercise
What term describes the increase in energy expenditure that occurs in a person who fractures a leg?
Adaptive thermogenesis
Which of the following is a feature of weight gain and genetics?
Adopted children tend to have body weights more like their biological parents than their adoptive parents.
Which of the following is a feature of the body's response to engaging in physical activity?
After an intense and vigorous workout, metabolism remains elevated for several hours.
Which of the following is a feature of the body's response to engaging in physical activity?
After an intense and vigorous workout, metabolism remains elevated for several hours.
What term is given to the condition of a female athlete who has an eating disorder and develops amenorrhea and osteoporosis?
Female athlete triad
What is the significance of the uncoupling proteins in adipose tissue?
Increased loss of energy as heat
What is the primary reason for not including the value for adaptive thermogenesis when calculating energy requirements?
It is too variable to measure
Which of the following is a characteristic of fat cell development?
More and larger fat cells are found in obese people compared with healthy-weight persons.
Which of the following is a characteristic of breakfast eating?
People who eat breakfast frequently have a lower BMI than breakfast skippers.
Which of the following would be most effective at lowering energy intake in a person on a weight reduction program?
Select less energy-dense foods
Which of the following is a characteristic of the body's major types of adipose tissue?
Which of the following is a feature of physical inactivity and energy balance?
Compared with non-obese people, obese people have a lower
physical activity level.
What is the best approach to weight loss?
Reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure
On which organ or tissue does leptin primarily act?
Hypothalamus
What is an indirect measure of the amount of energy released from food?
Quantity of oxygen consumed when the food is burned