UNL Anatomy exam 1 (BIOS 214)

burns (1st, 2nd, 3rd degree)

*mild burns that involve only the epidermis *extend through the epidermis and into the dermis, causing blisters, erythema, pain, edema, and sometimes scaring *affect the epidermis, dermis, and sometimes the subcutaneous tissue and muscle

action along vertebral column

- anterior flexion - extension - rotation lateral flexion

present on skin on the palms

- merkel cells merocrine sweat glands - keratin stratum lucidum

loose connective tissue

- open frame work - resilient elastic fibers - a viscous ground substance - fixed and wandering cells

exocrine glands

- produce substances such as enzymes and milk - compound or single - they are connected to epithelial surfaces by ducts - their secretions may be classified as being serous mucous or mixed

ligaments that stabilize the hip joint and reinforce the articular capsule

- pubofemoral ligament - iliofemoral ligament - transverse acetabular ligament - ischiofemoral ligament

locking mechanism of knee

- slight external rotation on tibia

epithelial cells show polarity if they have

- uneven distributed organelles - apical and basolateral cell membranes with different associated protein and functions

which of the following suffixes implies "growth" or "formation"

-blast

luxation vs subluxation

-dislocation vs partial dislocation

the epidermis in a section of thick skin includes the 5 layers: surface to basement membrane

1. stratum corneum 2. stratum lucidum 3. stratum granulosum 4.stratum spinosum 5. stratum germinativium

CT

3d dimensional structure of human body

Rosacea

Chronic skin disorder of the face with red inflamed areas appearing mostly on the nose and cheeks

contralateral

DIFF structures on DIFF side of midline

________ are common inclusions in the cytosol of fat cells

Glycogen granules

basal cell carcinoma

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.

malignant melanoma

Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised.

Ipsilateral

OPP structure on the SAME side

Giantism

Overproduction of GH in children

Shoulder subluxation

Partial displacement or dislocation of the glenohumeral joint, may occur secondary to the effects of weakness, muscle imbalance, and gravity Conservative interventions may include: slings, positioning devices, and taping strengthening exercises functional electrical stimulation

bilateral

SAME structure on OPP side

the shapes of epithelial cells include all EXCEPT

Stratified - include ; cuboidal , columnar, squamous

Lyme disease

Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.

Paget's disease

a bone disease of unknown cause characterized by the excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation

Colles fracture

a break in the distal part of the radius

spina bifida

a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

a fibrous joint cannot also be

a disarthrosis joint

anemia is

a disorder where we have fewer normal red blood cells

ankylosing spondylitis

a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

spiral fracture

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

intervertebral compression is an abnormal direction can cause

a herniated disk

Osteosarcoma

a malignant tumor of bone in which there is a proliferation of osteoblasts.

the sigmoid sinus is located in the _____ and leads to the_____.

a posterior cranial fossa, foramen magnum

actinic keratosis

a precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin

classification of glandular epithelium

a simple gland is one that has unbranched duct

a gland can consist of

a single epithelial cell and a cluster

transdermal patch

a small patch with medication placed on the skin

If two bones are joined so firmly together they cannot move, they form

a synostosis

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy.

PET (positron emission tomography) scan

a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

ABCD detecting malignant melanoma

a- asymmetry b- border c- color d- diameter

sitting on sofa and rise your arm to rest it on the back of the sofa what action is it at the shoulder joint

abduction

which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?

absorption of nutrients and other materials

which of the following ligaments attaches the clavicle to the scapula

acromioclavicular ligament

what part of the scapula articulates with the clavicle

acromion process

which of the following cell junctions anchor or connect adjacent cells to one another

adherents junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions and tight junctions

a small sac of gland cells surrounding a space into which they secrete their product is

an acinus

this cell has a different organ than form the osteoprogenitor cells it is fond of periphery of bone and plays an important role in repair of bone

an osteoclast

which of the ligaments of the knees is responsible for limiting the anterior- posterior movement of the femur and maintaining the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles?

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

the jug sphenoidale is located in the ___ and is the ___

anterior cranial fossa and roof of the sphenoid sinus

examination of the ___ could allow a nurse to determine issues such as dehydration levels in a baby

anterior fontanelle

integumentary system covers / lines the

anterior surface of the eyelids , external auditory meatus, the fingertips NOT THE VAGINAL CANAL

the rotator cuff tendons enclose the shoulder joint on all sides except _________ which partially explains the nature of most shoulder dislocations

anteriorly

both exocrine and endocrine glands

are derived from epithelial cells

All diarthrotic joints

are enclosed by synovial lined capsule and always have ligaments uniting the bones of the joint.

when cats fight their fur rises through the action of

arrestor pili muscles

desirable result of skin exposure to UV radiation

assistance in conversion a cholesterol like steroid into VITAMIN D

Nodding the head is permitted by a joint between which two bones?

atlas and occipital bone

dens is part of the

axis

posterior (dorsal)

back

Impetigo

bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture (scabs)

greenstick fracture

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children

condyloid joints

bi axial metacarpals phanalges flexion and extension adduction and abduction

What is found in the central canal of an osteon

blood

the central canal of osteon has

blood vessels and nerves

cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin

approaching the spinal cord from the anterior surface during surgery would involve cutting through the

body

compound fracture

bone breaks through the skin

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

simple fracture

bone is broken cleanly; the ends do not penetrate the skin

Aplastic anemia results from pathological changes in the ______ of an afflicted individual

bone marrow

cartilaginous joints

bones connected by cartilage

syndesmoses fibrous joints

bones connected by only ligaments - slightly movable - tibia- fibular joint

depressed fracture

broken bone portion is pressed inward

the dermal papilla of hair Is found in its

bulb

fontanelles have

bulges when infant cries, bulges response to increased intracranial pressure, pulsate in response to blood pressure changes, and depressed when the body is dehydrated

which bone is the heel bone

calcaneus

if it were not for ___ osteocytes in the outer lamellae of an osteon would not be able to transport their wastes to the blood stream for removal

canaliculi

rib structure that attaches to the vertebral body is

capitulum

connective tissue includes

cartilage, bone, fat

Osteoclasts are

cells that break down bone matrix

spaces with in a bone are

central canal lacuna medullary cavity canaliculi

ceruminous glands found in the ____ are a ______ gland

ceruminous , modified sweat gland

transverse foramen is in the ______ vertebrae

cervical

which type of vertebra has a transverse foramen

cervical

secondary curvature of vertebral column

cervical and lumbar

characteristics below describe _______. It may have a bifid spinous process , transverse foramen, and the body is very reduced in size in one member of this group

cervical vertebrae

Psoriasis

chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales

pectoral girdle consists of

clavicle and scapula

the most significant organic component of the matrix bone is________

collagenous fibers

the most significant organic component of the matrix of bone is

collagenous fibers

club foot (talipes equinovarus)

congenital abnormality cannot bend foot to "normal" straight position

symphyses cartilaginous joints

connected by fibrocartilage - slightly movable - intervertebral discs

synchondroses cartilaginous joints

connected by hyaline cartilage (immovable) - costal cartilage of the ribs

4 primary tissue types

connective epithelial muscle nervous

osseous tissue is

connective tissue

the tissue of ethryocytes leukocytes and plasma belongs to which tissue group?

connective tissue

shoulder separation surgery most damage to the

coracohumeral ligament

the epidermis differs from the inner lining of the esophagus in that the epidermis is______

cornified

the depression on the distal end of the anterior humerus is

coronoid fossa

the depression on the distal end of the anterior humerus is the

coronoid fossa

which pairs consist of anatomical opposites

cranial, caudal

found in stratum basale

cuboidal or columnar shaped cells, melanocytes , keratinocytes

lamellae

cylindrical series of concentric rings around the central canal they formed by osteoblasts that differentiate into osteocytes

fate of the chondrocytes that are present where bone is forming

die and replaced by bone cells

nutrient artery of a long bone

divides into branches that supply the marrow and the inner portion of the diaphysis

non axial

do not move on a plane or axis

a thin epidermis in an older person is

due to a decrease of activity in the stratum germinativum

ceruminous glands secrete

ear wax ( cerumen)

the term lines of cleavage refers to

elastic fibers in the dermis

Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments restrict side-to-side movement of which joint?

elbow

radial and ulnar collateral ligaments restrict side to side movement of what joint

elbow

Whartons jelly is a type of

embryonic connective tissue

acromegaly

enlargement of the extremities adult

hypodermic needle penetrating skin in the order

epidermis , papillary layer, reticular layer

developmental stages and changes in the ____ of various long bones allow a forensic pathologist to quite accurately estimate the age of a skeleton below the age of 25.

epiphyseal regions

epiphyseal fracture

epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate

Membranes are organs formed by the combination of which tissues?

epithelial and connective

human hair is derived from

epithelial cells

An avascular tissue composed mostly of cells with little extracellular material is most likely to be

epithelial tissue

and avascular tissue composed mostly of cells with little extracellular material is most likely to be

epithelial tissue

blood vessels are lacking or absent from

epithelial tissue and cartilage

inspection (physical examination )

examining body proportions, posture, and patterns of movement local inspection is examine the site of an injury

Menisectomy

excision of the meniscus

the term tubuloalveolar describes

exocrine gland

bone spurs

extra bone tissue that grows in the margins of worn-away cartilage

for a drug to work well as a transdermal medication it needs to be

fat soluble

what can penetrate the skin

fat-soluble vitamins

The linea aspera is found on which bone?

femur

the matrix of connective tissue is composed of

fibers and ground substance

The only type of cell seen in a tendon is

fibroblasts

the most abundant cells seen in connective tissues are

fibroblasts

a tissue viewed under the microscope displays cells in little holes, densely packed fibers and no blood vessels. This describes

fibrocartilage

a gomphosis is an example of a

fibrous synarthotic

the structure that attaches the patella to the fibula is ______

fibular collateral ligament

to raise your hand and place it on the shoulder of a person standing in front of you involves ____ of the shoulder

flexion

hinge joints

flexion and extension

which movements are possible at both shoulder and elbow joints

flexion and extension

membrane filled spaces between cranial bones of an infant are

fontanels

intramembranous ossification

forms the mandible the clavicle and the roofing bones of the skull (flat bones)

sutures fibrous joints

found in skull - immovable joints - synarthrosis

Pott's fracture

fracture in 1 or both malleous of the tibia

monocytes that leave the blood stream and WANDER through connect tissue to engulf pathogens are

free macrophages

diarthrosis

freely movable

anterior (ventral)

front

coronal suture separates

frontal and parietal bones

which type of intercellular connection facilitates passage of electrical signals between cardiocytes that enables a coordinated heart beat

gap junctions

plane joints

gliding in carpal bones, inter tarsal joints and non axial

sebaceous glands are often associated with

hairs

gap junctions are found in high qualities in cells of the

heart

bursae are small pockets or sacs filled with synovial fluid that _______

help relieve pressure during movement of body parts

radiography - grays

high energy radiation that can penetrate living tissues. - creates an image with radio dense tissues (bone) appears white and less dense tissues in black or gray

study of the microscopic structure of tissues is

histology

epithelial regeneration as a characteristic would be absolutely necessary in this type of gland

holocrine

what type of secretion is it when the cell product accumulates in the cytoplasm and the entire cell disintegrates?

holocrine

endochondral ossification begins with

hyaline cartilage

forms epiphyseal growth plate

hyaline cartilage

most bones develop from

hyaline cartilage

a layer of tissue found under the reticular layer of the dermis is known as the ______ and is made up if primarily

hypodermis, adipose tissue

ligamentum teres is attached to the femur and the

ilial component of the acetabulum

auricular surface of the sacrum articulate with the

ilium

synarthrosis

immovable

osteoblasts located

in inner osteogenic layer of the periosteum and endosteum

craniotomy

incision of the skull

appositional growth

increase in bone thickness and circumference of long bone

Bursitis

inflammation of a bursa

Osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Osteoarthritis

inflammation of the bone and joint

mastoiditis

inflammation of the mastoid bone

sinusitis

inflammation of the sinuses

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

all the following are part of the rotator cuff

infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, and supraspinatus

Sprains

injuries to the ligaments around a joint

physical examination

inspection palpation percussion auscultation

vestibulocochlear nerve goes through

internal acoustic meatus

The areas between neighboring osteons contain

interstitial lamellae

the cruciate ligaments are best described as

intracapsular knee ligaments

a transverse plane

is known as a horizontal plane cross -sectional plane

brown fat

is vascular and contains numerous mitochondria

what is NOT true about synovial fluid

it is produced by cells in the fibrous capsule true : - it nourishes articular cartilage - it is rich in albumin - it reduces friction between bones and joints - it is rich in hyaluronic acid

the structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is

joint capsule

synovial joints characteristic

joint capsule greater range of motion in joints

which of the following is found in the epidermis

keratinocyte, merkel cell, langerhans cell

which joint has meniscus / menisci

knee

pituitary dwarfism

lack of growth hormone, normal proportions with short stature

these cells help the body defend itself against the effect of excessive UV radiation

langerhans cells and melanocytes

hair grown on fetus

lanugo

the type of strong fibrous connective tissue which attaches bones to bones at joints is called a

ligament

holds bones together at synovial joints

ligaments

parietal

lining body cavity

visceral

lining of organ directly

where do you find simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

lining of trachea

_______ are common inclusions in the cytosol of fat cells

lipid droplets

auscultation

listening to body sounds usually using a stethoscope

vitiligo

localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by white patches

epiphyseal plate cartilaginous joints

long bones made of hyaline cartilage - become bone joint

functions of sebum include

lubricate skin inhibiting the growth of bacteria on the skin

which does NOT assist a cell in connecting to others

lysosome what does - desmosome - hyaluronan - gap junction - tight junction

squamous cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis

small depression on temporal bone that the mandibular condyle fits into is

mandibular fossa

a condition resulting from a hereditary defect in elastin fibers characterized by hypertensive joints , tall stature, long limbs and vision problems is

marfan syndrome

Osteocytes

mature bone cells

facial bones

maxillae, palatines, mandible, zygomatic, lacrimal

the middle finger is on which side of the hand

medial

cancers associated with these skin cells are the most dangerous

merkel cells

sensory structures in epidermis responsible for monitoring light touch are

merkel cells

two types of sweat glands in the skin are

merocrine and apocrine

the glands responsible for cooling the skin

merocrine glands

what embryological structure gives rise to vertebral bodies

mesenchyme and sclerotomes

an adolescent grows in height mainly because of events that occur in the _____ of the Skeleton

metaphyses

Due to persistent exposure to cigarette smoke the epithelia of trachea changed from pseudo stratified ciliated squamous epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium this transition is identified as...

metaplasia

which of the following sutures is found in the infant but sometimes has no evident marking in the adult?

metopic

Cells of the small intestine and kidney tubule have a "brush border" composed of ___, which are cell extensions that increase surface area.

microvilli

the superior orbital fissure and the foramen rotundum open in the _______ of the cranium

middle cranial fossa

individuals who have very dark hair will have

mostly eumelanin

uniaxial bi axial triaxial

move around 1 axis move around 2 axis move around 3 axis

the linings of both the oral and nasal cavities are

mucous membranes

What do goblet cells secrete?

mucus

goblet cells are responsible for secreting

mucus

intercostal space

muscles blood vessels nerves

classifying epithelial cells

number of layers

atlas articulates with the skull at the

occipital condyle

The degenerative effects of osteoporosis are most likely to affect ________.

older women

the popliteal surface is located

on the posterior surface of the knee

deviated septum

one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum

the correct arranged of these foramina anterior to posterior is

optic canal foramen rotundum foramen ovale and foramen spinous

what kind of tissue has a matriculates arranged in concentric circles around a central canal that has blood vessels running through it

osseous tissue

what kind of tissue has a matrix arranged in concentric circles around a central canal that has blood vessels running through It?

osseous tissue

bone cell that breaks down old bone matrix is

osteoclast

The cells primarily responsible for the breakdown of bone are

osteoclasts

all of these originate from osteoprogenitor cells EXCEPT____ - osteoblasts - osteocytes

osteoclasts

what is a cell that has up to 50% nuclei and a ruffled border

osteoclasts

the lacunae of bone

osteocytes

spongy bones has

osteocytes in lacunae, lamellae, canaliculi

a reduction in bone mineral density most commonly associated with post menopausal women is known as

osteoporosis

which type of cell is capable of dividing to produce new osteoblasts?

osteoprogenitor

arthritis

painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints.

Tendinitis/Tenosynovitis

painful inflammation of tendons and synovial membrane of joints

the structure that attaches the patella to the tibia is

patellar ligament

the connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone

periosteum

types of synovial joints

plane hinge condyloid saddle ball and socket

invertebral dicks

prevent bone on bone contact contribute to height shock absorbers

actions permitted by the distal radioulnar articulation are

pronation and supination

herniated disk

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

tendons from this muscle primarily support the knee

quadriceps femoris

which feature goes with elbow joint

radial annular ligament

___________ is a hemopoietic tissue found in the___

red bone marrow, the medullary cavity of young children

feature of osteoarthritis

restriction of movement degeneration of articular cartilage pain abnormal growth inside the joint cavity

Metatarsal Stress Fracture

results from repetitive pressure, runners especially prone

a tissue that forms a supportive framework in the spleen and liver is _______ tissue

reticular connective tissue

the parenchyma of the spleen is supported by a storm made up of

reticular fibers

largest density of collagenous fibers in the dermis is in the

reticular layer

what type of tissue forms the storm of organs such as the spleen and thymus

reticular tissue

a plane suture is found

right and left maxilla

which cutaneous glands develop as outgrowths of hair follicles?

sebaceous and apocrine glands

structure that contains the pituitary gland is

sella turcica

this secretion is watery and contains enzymes

serous glands

bone growth rates increase dramatically after puberty because

sex hormones increase osteoblast bone deposition rates

which of the parts of a hair are usually seen because they are located outside the body

shaft

interosseous membranes fibrous joints

sheet of dense connective tissue - connects long bones radius and ulna slightly movable

articular cartilage

shields the surfaces of the articulating bones at synovial joints and helps absorb shock and reduces friction at a synovial joint

the epithelium that lines the stomach and intestines is

simple columnar

the tissue lining the outer wall of small intestine of the digestive tract Is called

simple columnar epithelium

fracture doesn't break skin

simple or closed fracture

which type of tissue comprises the inner lining of blood vessels

simple squamous epithelium

amphiarthrosis

slightly moveable

Why would a skin graft have to include some cells from the stratum basale?

so that these cells can undergo mitosis to replenish cells which will be shed

the foramen oval in what bone

sphenoid

a fracture of a bone that is the result of a twisting of the bone is a

spiral fracture

-______ is always surrounded by ______

spongey bone, compact bone

two types of osseous tissue

spongy and compact bone

knee injuries

sprains, cuts, bruises, fractures, dislocations.

concerning diarthroses one can speculate that mobility increases____________ decreases

stability

the greatest amount of keratin is found where

stratum corneum

shredding of dead skin cells (desquamation) occurs from the

stratum corneum- GREATEST AMOUNT OF KERATIN

In thin skin, the ____ is absent

stratum lucidum

this layer of the skin contains langerhans and melanocytes

stratum spinosum

skeletal system functions

support protect mineral storage blood cell formation

fibrous joint

suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis

types of fibrous joints

sutures, syndesmoses- slightly move joints interosseous membranes

bunion

swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa

a part of the body that contains a broad flat disc of fibrocartilage would be classified as

symphysis

epiphyseal plates of growing bones classified as:

synchondroses cartilaginous joints synarthrotic joints

the joint running between the length of the ulna and radius is a________ joint

syndesmosis

which joints permit slight movement

syndesmosis

if a joint is enclosed in a tough connective tissue capsule and it is contains a joint cavity it is classified as

synovial

percussion

tapping fingers to determine density of underlying tissues. if lungs are filled with fluid the chest will sound more dense

which bone does not contribute to the formation of the eye orbit ?

temporal

what pair of skull bones contribute to the only freely movable joint of the head?

temporal and mandible

which is NOT true of the periosteum

that is covers and protects the articular cartilages

a function of the papillary layer of the skin is

that is nourishes and supports the epidermis

the most significant reason that the hip joint is less mobile than the shoulder joint is

the almost complete bony socket enclosing the head of the femur

the integumentary glands that normally develop at puberty are

the apocrine glands

the dermis of the skin is

the area that contains loose connective tissue, collagenous fiber nerves and blood vessels

pigments embedded in the skin during tattooing are found in

the dermis

in appositional bone growth

the diameter of the bone increases

ligamentum teres arises from

the fovea capitus

the ligamentum teres arises from

the fovea capitus

temporomadibular joint (TMJ)

the joint between the temporal bone and the coracoid process of mandible ISSUE WITH JAW MOVEMENT

internal most layer of a hair shaft is

the medulla

Clavicle Fracture

the most commonly fractured bone. The sternocleidomastoid muscle causes superior displacement of the medial fragment. The weight of the arm and the pec major causes inferior displacement of the lateral fragment.

the wet membrane that covers cavities open to the external surface of the body is called

the mucous membrane

the term epistaxis is best associated with a clinical condition located in

the nasal cavity

the muscles that move the eyes are controlled by nerves that pass through

the orbital fissures

lines of cleavage are associated most with

the orientation of elastic and collagenous fibers in the dermis

a long bone found and contained functional epiphyseal plates

the person was prepubertal

palpation (physical examination )

the physician uses hands and fingers to feel body and gives info on skin texture and temp. Can be used to feel underlying structures for finding sensitive spots,

a plane suture is found

the right and left maxilla

two bones have auricular surfaces namely

the sacrum and os coxae

the rotator cuff includes all of the following muscles

the subscapularis teres mior the infrospinatus the supraspinatus

laminectomy

the surgical removal of a lamina helps with LORDOSIS SCOLIOSIS TREATMENT

attach to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions

the true ribs

the vertebral arch encloses

the vertebral foramen

cumminuted fracture

there is more than one fracture line and the bone is splintered or crushed

inferior nasal conchae

they are located lateral to the nasal septum

As keratinocytes move to the surface

they eventually die and are sloughed off

which are true about tight junctions

they seal off intercellular space and prevent substances from passing between cells and they bind epithelial cells together near the apical surface

osteopenia

thinner than average bone density

the base of the skull in a dwarf is much less developed than the other cranial parts of the skull because

this individual has a intramembraneuous ossification disorder that comprises the development of cartilage

the presence of large numbers of microvilli on the exposed surfaces of epithelial cells indicate that

this is the are where sorption and secretion take place

which of the following vertebral curvatures is convex anteriorly

thoracic

primary curvature of vertebral column

thoracic and sacral

costal facets found on

thoracic vertebrae only

which of the knee ligaments function to reinforce the medial and lateral surfaces of the joint, tighten only at full extension of the joint and in this position act to stabilize the joint?

tibial and fibular collateral ligaments

function of osteoblast in osseous tissue is

to produce new bone matrix

cephalic (superior)

toward the head

inferior (caudal)

towards tail / feet

spicules on spongy bone

trabeculae

spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spines called

trabeculae

spongy bone made of

trabeculae

which type of epithelium lines the renal pelvis ureters and urinary bladder?

transitional

which type of epithelium lines the renal pelvis, ureters and urinary bladder

transitional epithelium

perforating canals (volkmann)

transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the cell. Allows blood vessels and nerves to penetrate compact bone.

skin graft

transplantation of healthy tissue to an injured site

ribs 1 -10 articulate with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae are the

transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae

ball and socket joint

triaxial glenumeral joint coxal joint

saddle joints

triaxial sternoclavicular joint

shoulder dislocation

true separation of humerus from glenoid fossa

which bones have styloid processes

ulna and radius

pivot joints

uniaxial

sonography

use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images; also called ultrasound

Differences in uncut hair length result from

variations in hair growth rate and duration of the hair growth cycle

the sacrum is an extension of the _______

vertebral canal

Bones have a vascular supply that is

very extensive, including many arteries and veins branching throughout the bone

endoscopy

visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

the synthesis of ____ depend on the penetration of ultraviolet light through the epidermis

vitamin D

all of these two vascular channels which are present in bone

volkman's canals and Haversian canals - contain blood vessels

the facial bone that is not paired - during development or in the adult is the

vomer

when is the ossification of the appendicular skeleton complete?

when a person is in her 20's

the skeletal system compact bone is located

where bones are most heavily stressed

extra bones that develop between the usual bones of the skull are called

wormian bones

angiography

x rya imaging of blood vessels after injection of a contrast material

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.

Scurvy

Vitamin C deficiency

Rickets

Vitamin D deficiency children - BOWED LEGS