urban planning
The first phase of the city's tall-building regulations adopted in 1893 limited the building height to no more than
130 feet
The first comprehensive plan for any city in the US, outside of Washington, DC., was known as the
1909 Plan of Chicago
A new zoning ordinance did get passed and became the zoning law of Chicago in
2004
The second phase of tall-building regulation began in 1920 when Chicago raised the height limit to
260 feet
It is often said that the built environment accounts for about ___________ % of the total energy consumed in the US
40%
For a property zoned with a FAR of 4.0 and a total lot area of 10,000 square feet, the total maximum total floor area for a building on that property is ______________ square feet.
40,000
A site with a FAR of 10 and a parcel size of 40,000 square feet is allowed to have up to ______________ square feet of building area built on this site by the FAR limitation.
400,000 square feet
The action by government depriving a person of private real property without the payment of just compensation, usually by exercising the power of eminent domain, is known as
A Taking
The key elected representatinves in the Chicago's City Council are called
Alderman
The tradition in Chicago's City Council that allows its members to hold tremendous decision-making power over issues in their own districts is called
Aldermanic Privelage
One element of the push for major revisions to the Chicago zoning ordinance in the 90s was that new urban planning paradigms were becoming popular across the ocuntry but were not accommodated by the current Chicago zoning code. Some of these new planning paradigms were
All of the above
Commercial or industrial properties that are often idle, abandoned or underused properties in urban areas and have some degree of environmental contamination are often referred to as ___________________ sites.
Brownfield
The key feature of the Bus Rapid Transit system, so successful in Curitiba, Brazil, is
Bus only, grade separated right of way
The government standards that seeks to make automobiles more energy efficient through improved miles per gallon of gasoline consumed are called ____________________ standards
CAFE
The Columbian Exposition of 1893 was the beginning of the
City Beautiful Movement
The architect generally given credit for developing the plan referred to in the previous question was
Daniel Burnham
Although the federal government does not have a formal national planning role, the federal government often has a major impact on state and local planning efforts by
Developing planning guidelines, Providing funding incentives (Both a and b)
The primary action-forcing device for implementing federal environmental regulations is through a/an
EIS
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) established two federal agencies to implement the Act. The agencies are the _______________________ and the CEQ
EPA
The "urbanized" suburbs have long ceased to be an appendage to the central city - they are a new type of satellite city developed at the periphery of central cites and characterized by 5,000,000 sf of office space, 600,000 sf of retail space, more jobs than bedrooms, perceived as one place and was nothing like a city 30 years ago. These new decentralized cities are often called
Edge City
The goal/goals of sustainable development planning is/are
Environmental quality, Social equity, Economic development (All of the above)
In 1926, the Supreme Court dealt with the constitutionality of zoning ordinances in the famous case called the _______________ v. Ambler case.
Euclid
In 1926, the Supreme Court ruled that zoning was a Constitutional act of government in the famous case
Euclid v. Ambler
The Supreme Court case in 1926 that ruled that zoning was a legitimate use of public police powers is
Euclid v. Ambler
The 1957 Chicago Zoning Ordinance introduced two new major planning and zoning techniques. They were
FAR and PD
After 30 years of stalemate, Mayor Richard M. Daley again blocked the rewrite of the zoning ordinace in 2000
False
Planning in the US is characterized by centralized control while planning in Europe is characterized by more local control
False
Planning in the US is characterized by centralized control while planning in Europe is characterized by more local control. True or False
False
Probably the most outstanding US planner/urban designer of the second half of the 19th century and designer of Central Park in New York City was
Frederick Law Olmstead
The Chicago civic leader who oversaw creation of the new 1957 Chicago Zoning Ordinance was
Harry Chaddick
Using the LEED certification program, a Platinum green building rating is the
Highest rating
The USGBC has established a program to set standards for green buildings under which points are awarded for various green building features. This program is generally referred to as
LEED
The architect who became identified as the leader of the modern or international style of architecture and planning in Chicago in the 1940's and 1950's was
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
A very popular urban planning philosophy that seeks to return new developments to more traditional neighborhood patterns, deemphasize the automobile and is promoted by Andres Duany is known as
New Urbanism
The first comprehensive modern zoning regulations in the US were issued in 1916 in
New York
What was regarded as the first (in 1916) comprehensive zoning ordinance in the U.S.
New York City Zoning Ordinance
Because good urban design is an elusive quality, accepted design control as administered by community design review boards is based on the rule of
No Excessive Difference
Early efforts at controlling conflicting and undesirable land uses were known as
Nuisance ordinances
Illinois Center is an example of a very large
PD
In planning for metropolitan regions, state governments often set up public authorities to handle a particular cross-jurisdiction issue. The first public authority in the US that was started in 1921 was the
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Written agreements between private land owners who agree to certain specified future land uses are called
Restrictive covenants
SRO in housing stands for
Single Room Occupancy
By the 1990's, the planning approach that sought to control urban sprawl was known as
Smart Growth
In 1980, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) was enacted to deal with the increasing problem of hazardous waste sites. This legislation is better known as the
Superfund
One method of reducing the commuter load on roads is to modify traditional zoning practices to allow higher density, mixed-use developments at mass transportation stations. This planning concept, championed by Peter Calthorpe among others, is often referred to as
TOD
Also in the 90s, there was a dramatic expansion of the use of TIF which pushed development in new directions. TIF is an acronym for
Tax Increment Financing
The key reason that makes metropolitan and regional planning so difficult is
The political problem of cross municipal boundary conflicts
Also, in 1920 new tall-building regulations allowed ornamental structures or towers to be built on top of the buildings over their height restrictions
True
Any planning that was done in the U.S. in the early 19th century was essentially planning for business interests with little concern for social issues. True or False
True
Generally, a community's comprehensive plan covers the entire community and is long term, often for more than 20 years
True
In an attempt to control the great influence of the City Council members in matters of zoning, the Chicago Plan Commission was tasked with the requirement to review all proposed zoning amendments in 1954.
True
In response to the high densities allowed in the 1957 zoning ordinance, citizens started to push reduction in allowed densities in the 1970's and early 1080's in a process called "downzoning."
True
In the 1980s, the push for major revisions to the zoning ordinace was fueled by a rising tide of criticism from planning specialists and the general public about the deteriorating reputation of the zoning process in Chicago
True
One tool in a zoning ordinance to limit the amount a time a grandfathered nonconforming uses can remain legal is called an amortizing nonconforming uses
True
Planners are basically advisors. They do not have the power to commit public funds, to enact laws, to enter into contracts or to exercise the power of eminent domain.
True
The "Built Environment" refers to any environment that is man-made and provides a structure for human activity
True
The unexpected deaths of Mayor Richard J. Daley and Mayor Harold Washington in office negatively impacted the rewriting of the zoning ordinace
True
Battery Park City in New York City is an excellent example of
Urban Design
The Pruitt- Igoe project in St. Louis is an example of
Urban Renewal, Incorrect Response, a failed project from a social perspective, public housing (all of the above)
A site with a FAR of 10, a parcel size of 40,000 square feet and a site coverage for the building of 50% site coverage, is allowed to have a maximum of a ________ story building built on it.
a 20 story building
Green Valley, Nevada is an example of
a private community
A large residential building boom causing even more pressure on the old zoning ordinance in Chicago began in the 1990s, driven by
all of the above
Additionally, in the 1923 zoning ordinance each parcel was assigned to one of five volume district. These volume districts governed for each parcel
all of the above
Key areas of regional planning concern include
all of the above
The 1923 zoning ordinance of Chicago focused on classes of land use. Some of those classes were
all of the above
The initial efforts at aesthetic urban design controls were applied to
billboards
A set of rules for a particular city that specify a minimum acceptable level of safety for building construction and use are the
building codes
As a result of the generous designations on the zoning map from the 1957 zoning ordinance, sleek apartment towers sprouted up all over the central business district in the 60' and 70's. Civic groups decried this increase in density and were worried that it would create a congested
concrete jungle
As a result of rapid development of large residential towers in Gold Coast and Northside neighborhoods in the 60's and 70's, in 1979 Chicago approved an amendment to the zoning ordinance that effectively banned new construction of high-rises in these areas by ________________ these areas
downzoning
Urban Renewal began with the Housing Act of 1949 and had the following goals
eliminating substandard housing, revitalizing city economies, reducing de facto segregation (all of the above)
The policy of offsetting emissions from one project with emissions savings from another project is known as
emissions trading
_________________ zoning occurs when zoning requirements prevent certain groups or uses from locating in a certain area against public policy norms
exclusionary
Chicago utilizes Design Review Committees or Design Review Boards to foster and regulate attractive urban design
false
A "four-plus-one" in Chicago is a
five story apartment building with parking on the first floor
he fourth phase of Chicago's tall-building regulations adopted in 1957 placed caps on
floor area ratio
In zoning regulations, the development density is usually controlled by the allowed FAR. FAR stands for
floor area ration
Financing of public projects is generally accomplished through the issue of bonds. Two types of bonds are generally used. The type of bond that is backed by the "full faith and credit" of the municipality issuing the bonds is known as a _____________________ bond.
general obligation bond
When evaluating various green building alternatives for inclusion in a building project, the best method to use would be
life cycle costs
Which of the following forces were causes for the rapid urbanization of the US over the 19th century
low-cost transportation, increased agricultural productivity, factory production
The housing initiative of the federal government in the mid-20th century that had the most far-reaching effect on housing in the US was
mortgage insurance
Zoning ordinances generally cover
permitted land uses, site layout requirements, requirements for building characteristics and maximum densities (all of the above)
In a zoning context, an amortization schedule was
plan for termination of nonconforming uses
Zoning is the exercise of which government power
police
The two broad categories of land-use planning discussed in lecture are land-use controls and
public capital investment
The government power of eminent domain gives the government the power to take private property for
public purposes, with just compensation, with due process of law
The manner in which blocks of land may be converted to building lots is controlled by
subdivision regulations
In the early 20th century a number of tall buildings were built with large interior light courts to allow
sunlight and fresh air into the building
The planning concept popular at the beginning of the 20th century and characterized by a widespread concern for parks, public art and urban grace became known as the
the City Beautiful Movement
Planning can become very political because
the citizenry can have a large emotional stake in planning matters, planning can involve decisions with large financial consequences, there can be a strong link between planning issues and property taxes (all of the above)
Which of the following emerging technologies of the 19th century contributed substantially to the increased density of cities
the elevator
The 1957 zoning ordinance allowed for "bonusing" to
to incentivize building developers to include building amenities and features that the city wanted.
Growth Management is generally defined as the regulation of the amount, timing, location and character of development
true
The majority of courts today hold that the police power of the state can be used to regulate aesthetic zoning issues
true
The development of Lake Meadows and Prairie Shores right after WWII could be characterized as
urban renewal
The Housing Act of 1949 established a giant government program of city renovation using mass clearance and rebuilding. This program was known as the
urban renewal program
In zoning regulations, a/an _________________ involves a relaxation of the provisions of the zoning ordinance.
variance
The third phase of Chicago's tall-building regulations adopted in 1942 shifted the focus from a height limitation to a ___________________ limitation
volume
A building that uses no more energy than it produces is known as a
zero net building
