Urinary & Renal Disorders
A client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection speaks with the nurse. Which client statement requires further investigation? (Select all that apply.) A) "I can go all day without emptying my bladder." B) "I drink 2 L of fluid every day." C) "I do not use bubble bath." D) "I urinate after having sex." E) "I douche at least once per week."
A) "I can go all day without emptying my bladder." E) "I douche at least once per week."
The nurse instructs a client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease about the appropriate diet. The nurse determines teaching is EFFECTIVE if the client makes which statement? A) "I love grilling red bell peppers." B) "My spouse fixes the best pork chops." C) "I have a cheese sandwich every day for lunch." D) "I eat yogurt for breakfast almost every day."
A) "I love grilling red bell peppers."
The nurse instructs a client diagnosed with urolithiasis how to prevent calcium calculi. Which client statement indicates teaching is successful? A) "I will drink at least 3000 mL of fluid each day." B) "I will eat 2 servings of meat or cheese per day." C) "I will drink at least 2 glasses of cranberry juice daily." D) "I will eat a large amount of citrus fruit each day."
A) "I will drink at least 3000 mL of fluid each day."
A client with urinary incontinence asks the nurse for suggestions about managing this condition. Which suggestion would be most appropriate? A) "Make sure to eat enough fiber to prevent constipation." B) "Use scented powders to disguise any odor." C) "Try drinking coffee throughout the day." D) "Limit the number of times you urinate during the day."
A) "Make sure to eat enough fiber to prevent constipation."
A client undergoes a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). In the immediate postoperative period, which characteristic does the nurse expect when observing the urinary drainage? A) Bloody B) Purulent C) Clear D) Bright yellow
A) Bloody
A client has a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Twenty-four hours later, the nurse notices the client's urine is bright red. Which nursing action is MOST appropriate? A) Contact the health care provider B) Continue to monitor the client C) Irrigate the catheter D) Remove the catheter
A) Contact the health care provider
The nurse provides diet education for a client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. In order to decrease the client's blood urea nitrogen, which foods should be limited? A) Foods containing protein like meat, beans, nuts, and eggs. B) Foods with high amounts of carbohydrates and sugars such as breads and most fruit. C) Foods with high potassium content such as tomatoes and orange juice. D) Foods with excessive sodium such as canned soups and processed meats.
A) Foods containing protein like meat, beans, nuts, and eggs.
The nurse cares for a client with suspected cancer of the bladder. The nurse knows which finding is MOST common in the client with a diagnosis of cancer of the bladder? A) Hematuria B) Potassium 5.9 mEq/L C) Painful urination D) Left flank pain
A) Hematuria
After undergoing retropubic prostatectomy, a client returns to his room. The client is on nothing-by-mouth status and has an IV infusing in his right forearm at a rate of 100 ml/hour. The client also has an indwelling urinary catheter that's draining light pink urine. While assessing the client, the nurse notes that his urine output is red and has dropped to 15 ml and 10 ml for the last 2 consecutive hours. How can the nurse best explain this drop in urine output? A) It's an abnormal finding that requires further assessment. B) It's a normal finding caused by blood loss during surgery. C) It's a normal finding associated with the client's nothing-by-mouth status. D) It's an abnormal finding that will correct itself when the client ambulates.
A) It's an abnormal finding that requires further assessment.
The nurse is inserting an indwelling urinary catheter in the female client. The nurse notes the catheter is inserted into the client's vagina. Which action does the nurse take first? A) Leaves the catheter in place and obtains a new catheterization kit B) Removes the catheter from the vagina, and inserts it into the urethra C) Removes the catheter from the vagina, and insert a new catheter D) Leaves the catheter in place, and inflates the balloon to secure placement
A) Leaves the catheter in place and obtains a new catheterization kit
Behavioral interventions for urinary incontinence can be coordinated by a nurse. A comprehensive program that incorporates timed voiding and urinary urge inhibition is referred to as what? A) Prompted voiding B) Bladder retraining C) Interval voiding D) Voiding at given intervals
B) Bladder retraining
A patient has had surgery to create an ileal conduit for urinary diversion. What is a priority intervention by the nurse in the postoperative phase of care? A) Monitor urine output hourly and report output less than 30mL/hr B) Clean the stoma with soap and water after the patient voids C) Administer pain medication every 2hr D) Turn the patient every 2hr around the clock
A) Monitor urine output hourly and report output less than 30mL/hr
Which finding is an early indicator of bladder cancer? A) Painless hematuria B) Nocturia C) Dysuria D) Occasional polyuria
A) Painless hematuria
The nurse provides care for an older adult client immediately after a cystoscopy is performed. When assessing the client, which finding has the HIGHEST priority for the nurse? A) Pelvic pain B) Pink tinged urine C) Drowsiness D) Slight nausea
A) Pelvic pain
The nurse is preparing to assess a client's new stoma. Which finding would the nurse include in the documentation of a healthy stoma? A) Pink color B) Pain C) Dry in appearance D) Black color
A) Pink color
A client has developed urinary incontinence after having a urinary catheter in place for a few weeks. What is the initial nursing intervention the nurse should use to start the client with bladder training? A) Place client on a timed voiding schedule B) Immediately after voiding, perform a bladder scan C) Perform straight catheterization at specific times each day D) Instruct the client to drink more fluids at night for a full bladder in the morning
A) Place client on a timed voiding schedule
A client is admitted with a diagnosis of acute kidney injury. The nurse understands which situation is MOST likely to result in acute kidney injury? A) Prolonged hypotension due to severe dehydration B) Chronic disease, such as diabetes mellitus C) Obstruction of the ureter by a kidney stone D) An untreated strep throat
A) Prolonged hypotension due to severe dehydration
Which term refers to inflammation of the renal pelvis? A) Pyelonephritis B) Interstitial nephritis C) Cystitis D) Urethritis
A) Pyelonephritis
A woman comes to her health care provider's office with signs and symptoms of kidney stones. Which of the following should be the primary medical management goal? A) Relieve the pain B) Prevent nephron destruction C) Determine the stone type D) Relieve any obstruction
A) Relieve the pain
A client comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. During the interview, the client states, "Sometimes when I have to urinate I can't control it, and do not reach the bathroom in time." The nurse suspects that the client is experiencing which type of incontinence? A) Urge B) Stress C) Overflow D) Functional
A) Urge
The nurse recognizes which symptom is expected to be seen in a client with benign prostatic hypertrophy? (Select all that apply.) A) Urinary frequency B) Urinary urgency C) Fever and chills D) Low back pain E) Dilute urine F) Knife-like back pain
A) Urinary frequency B) Urinary urgency D) Low back pain
The nurse has been asked to provide health information to a female patient diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. What appropriate instructions will the nurse provide? (Select all that apply.) A) Void every 2-3hr to prevent overdistention of the bladder B) Bathe in warm water to soak the affected area C) Cleanse around the perineum and urethral meatus after each bowel movement to reduce pathogens D) Drink caffeinated beverages twice a day to increase urination E) Drink liberal amounts of fluid to flush out bacteria
A) Void every 2-3hr to prevent overdistention of the bladder C) Cleanse around the perineum and urethral meatus after each bowel movement to reduce pathogens E) Drink liberal amounts of fluid to flush out bacteria
What is the most common presenting objective symptom of a urinary tract infection in older adults, especially in those with dementia? A) Hematuria B) Change in cognitive functioning C) Incontinence D) Back pain
B) Change in cognitive functioning
An older adult female client reports stress incontinence. The client is 5'2", weights 112 lb, and had 4 vaginal births. Which statement by the nurse is MOST appropriate? A) "Most women have that problem after giving birth to several children." B) "I am going to show you how to perform exercises to strengthen your pelvic muscles." C) "Limit the fluids you drink to avoid overextending your bladder." D) "Incontinence is to be expected at your age. Try wearing a pad."
B) "I am going to show you how to perform exercises to strengthen your pelvic muscles."
A client undergoes extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Before discharge, the nurse should provide which instruction? A) "Apply an antibacterial dressing to the incision daily." B) "Increase your fluid intake to 2-3L per day." C) "Take your temperature every 4hr." D) "Be aware that your urine will be cherry-red for 5-7 days."
B) "Increase your fluid intake to 2-3L per day."
A client reports a fever for several days prior to admission to the hospital for pneumococcal pneumonia. The client's temperature is 101*F (38.4*C), and the client is started on PCN therapy intravenously. It is essential for the nurse to monitor the client for which finding? A) Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) B) Allergic reaction C) Anemia D) Decreased appetite
B) Allergic reaction
An ileal conduit is created for a client after a radical cystectomy. Which of the following would the nurse expect to include in the client's plan of care? A) Exercises to promote sphincter control B) Application of an ostomy pouch C) Irrigating the urinary diversion D) Intermittent catheterizations
B) Application of an ostomy pouch
A client is frustrated and embarrassed by urinary incontinence. Which measure should the nurse include in a bladder retraining program? A) Establishing a predetermined fluid intake pattern for the client B) Assessing present voiding patterns C) Restricting fluid intake to reduce the need to void D) Encouraging the client to increase the time between voiding
B) Assessing present voiding patterns
The nurse provides care for a client prescribed bethanechol for urinary retention following surgery. It is MOST important for the nurse to review the client's history for which condition? A) Duodenal or gastric ulcer B) Asthma or bronchitis C) Hypertension D) Renal cancer
B) Asthma or bronchitis
A client has an indwelling urinary catheter in place for two days. The nurse needs to collect a sterile urine specimen. Which approach describes the correct technique to obtain a sterile urine specimen from the catheter? A) Empty the contents of the drainage bag, wait 15-30 minutes, and take a specimen of urine from the drainage bag. B) Clamp the drainage tube below the port, wait 15-30 minutes, scrub the port using an antiseptic swab, attach sterile needless access device and aspirate a specimen via the port. C) Scrub the tubing where the catheter connects to the drainage bag with an antiseptic swab, disconnect the tube, and collect a specimen of urine directly from the catheter in a sterile container. D) Collect a random specimen of urine from the drainage bag.
B) Clamp the drainage tube below the port, wait 15-30 minutes, scrub the port using an antiseptic swab, attach sterile needless access device and aspirate a specimen via the port.
The home care nurse visits a client reporting symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse has a prescription to obtain a mid-stream urine specimen. On arrival to the home, the client states the specimen was collected 2 hr ago and left sitting in the bathroom. Which action by the nurse is CORRECT? A) Label the specimen with the correct client information and sent it to the lab. B) Discard the specimen and obtain a new mid-stream specimen. C) Determine if the client used appropriate technique to clean the urethral meatus. D) Collect the specimen immediately and place it in a cold container.
B) Discard the specimen and obtain a new mid-stream specimen.
A nurse is caring for a client who had a stroke. Which nursing intervention promotes urinary continence? A) Taking the client to the bathroom twice per day B) Encourage intake of at least 2L of fluid daily C) Consulting with a dietician D) Giving the client a glass of soda before bedtime
B) Encourage intake of at least 2L of fluid daily
The nurse cares for a client diagnosed with urinary incontinence. When implementing the plan for urinary habit training, which action does the nurse take first? A) Provides privacy for the client to toilet B) Established the client's voiding pattern C) Assists the client to the toilet every two hours D) Turns on the water faucet when the client is on the toilet
B) Established the client's voiding pattern
Which of the following is a cause of a calcium renal stone? A) Gout B) Excessive intake of vitamin D C) Foreign bodies D) Neurogenic bladder
B) Excessive intake of vitamin D
A client is prescribed amitriptyline, an antidepressant for incontinence. The nurse understands that this drug is an effective treatment for which reason? (Select all that apply.) A) Increases contraction of the detrusor muscle B) Increases bladder neck resistance C) Decreases involuntary bladder contractions D) Reduces bladder spasticity
B) Increases bladder neck resistance C) Decreases involuntary bladder contractions
Bladder retraining following removal of an indwelling catheter begins with: A) Performing straight catheterization after 4 hr. B) Instructing the client to follow a 2-3 hr timed voiding schedule. C) Encouraging the client to void immediately. D) Advising the client to avoid urinating for at least 6 hr.
B) Instructing the client to follow a 2-3 hr timed voiding schedule.
When caring for a client with an uncomplicated mild urinary tract infection (UTI), the nurse knows that recent studies have shown which drug to be a good choice for short-course (e.g., 3-day) therapy? A) Nitrofurontoin B) Levofloxacin C) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole D) Ciprofloxacin
B) Levofloxacin
A nurse who is taking care of a patient with a spinal cord injury documents the frequency of reflex incontinence. The nurse understands that this is most likely due to: A) A stricture or tumor in the bladder B) Loss of motor control of the detrusor muscle C) Compromised ligament and pelvic floor support of the urethra D) Uninhibited detrusor contractions
B) Loss of motor control of the detrusor muscle
A 64-year-old man is seeing his urologist for an annual check-up, post prostatectomy. The health care provider is concerned with the symptom he finds because it is considered diagnostic for bladder cancer. Which of the following signs/symptoms is diagnostic for bladder cancer? A) Muscle spasm and ABD rigidity over the flank B) Painless, gross hematuria C) Deep flank and ABD pain D) Decreasing kidney function associated with fever and hematuria
B) Painless, gross hematuria
The nurse provides care for a client reporting a sudden onset of severe right flank pain. The client is diagnosed with urinary calculi. Which nursing action has the HIGHEST priority? A) Ensuring the client remains NPO B) Relieving pain C) Straining the urine D) Obtaining a mid-stream urine specimen
B) Relieving pain
Which of the following nursing actions is most important in caring for the client following lithotripsy? A) Notify the physician of hematuria B) Strain the urine carefully for stone fragments C) Monitor the continuous bladder irrigation D) Administer allopurinol (Zyloprim)
B) Strain the urine carefully for stone fragments
A client comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. During the interview, the client states, "Sometimes when I have to urinate, I can't control it and do not reach the bathroom in time." The nurse suspects that the client is experiencing which type of incontinence? A) Stress B) Urge C) Functional D) Overflow
B) Urge
A client is being prepared for peritoneal dialysis. Which nursing action is taken FIRST? A) Assess for bruit B) Warm the dialysate C) Position the client on the left side D) Insert an indwelling urinary catheter
B) Warm the dialysate
A client presents at the clinic with reports of urinary retention. What question should the nurse ask to obtain additional information about the client's report? A) "How much fluid are you drinking?" B) "Do you get up at night to urinate?" C) "When did you last urinate?" D) "Have you had a fever and chills?"
C) "When did you last urinate?"
The nurse provides care for a client after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The client is prescribed a continuous bladder irrigation, with the irrigating solution infusing at 30 mL/hr. At the end of 24 hr, the client's total output is 2,500 mL. The client's actual urine output is which amount? A) 1,870 mL B) 1,850 mL C) 1,780 mL D) 1,720 mL
C) 1,780 mL
Which urine output BEST indicates to the nurse that a client's kidneys are functioning normally? A) 555 mL in 2 hr B) 30 mL in 1 hr C) 1500 mL in 24 hr D) 800 mL in 24 hr
C) 1500 mL in 24 hr
After teaching a group of students about the types of urinary incontinence and possible causes, the instructor determines that the students have understood the material when they identify which of the following as a cause of stress incontinence? A) Bladder irritation related to UTIs B) Obstruction due to fecal impaction or enlarged prostate C) Decreased pelvic muscle tone due to multiple pregnancies D) Increased urine production due to metabolic conditions
C) Decreased pelvic muscle tone due to multiple pregnancies
Which type of incontinence refers to the involuntary loss of urine due to extrinsic medical factors, particularly medications? A) Urge B) Overflow C) Iatrogenic D) Reflex
C) Iatrogenic
The nurse is assisting in the development of a protocol for bladder retraining following removal of an indwelling catheter. Which item should the nurse include? A) Avoid drinking fluids for 6hr B) Encourage voiding immediately after catheter removal C) Implement a 2-3hr voiding schedule D) Perform straight catheterization every 4hr
C) Implement a 2-3hr voiding schedule
The nurse notes a client with an indwelling urinary catheter reports discomfort, has a moderately distended bladder, and has had 20 mL of urinary drainage in the past hour. Which is the FIRST action the nurse takes? A) Irrigates the catheter B) Gently massages the bladder in a distal direction C) Inspects the catheter tubing D) Briefly raises the drainage bag above the level of the bladder
C) Inspects the catheter tubing
The nurse is caring for a client with a cystoscopy tube draining urine from the bladder. When reviewing the client's history prior to administering care, which is of most concern? A) Diagnostic studies reporting bladder stones B) WBC of 12,000 cells/mm3 C) New diagnosis of urosepsis D) Crusted drainage around the cystoscopy tube
C) New diagnosis of urosepsis
If an indwelling catheter is necessary, which nursing intervention should be implemented to prevent infection? A) Use a sterile technique to disconnect the catheter from the tubing to obtain urine specimens B) Place the catheter bag on the client's ABD when moving the client C) Perform meticulous perineal care daily with soap and water D) Use a clean technique during insertion
C) Perform meticulous perineal care daily with soap and water
A patient with a UTI is having burning and pain when urinating. What urinary analgesic is prescribed for relief of these symptoms? A) Bactrim B) Septra C) Pyridium D) Levaquin
C) Pyridium
The nurse is reviewing the results of a urinalysis on a client with acute pyelonephritis. Which of the following would the nurse most likely expect to find? A) Slightly acidic pH B) Absent proteinuria C) Pyuria D) High specific gravity
C) Pyuria
Sympathomimetics have which of the following effects on the body? A) Decrease of heart rate B) Constriction of pupils C) Relaxation of bladder wall D) Constriction of bronchioles
C) Relaxation of bladder wall
A client is scheduled to have an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which information is MOST important for the nurse to obtain prior to the procedure? A) The date of the client's last EKG B) The time of the client's last meal C) The client's history of allergies D) The client's response to emetics
C) The client's history of allergies
The nurse provides care for a client immediately after a complete cystectomy and ileal conduit. The nurse is MOST concerned if which finding is observed? A) The urine output is 60 mL per hour. B) The stoma appears red in color. C) The stoma is edematous. D) There is a small amount of serosanguineous drainage.
C) The stoma is edematous.
A client with urinary retention needs to undergo a procedure to insert an indwelling catheter. What should the nurse discuss with the health care provider before catheterization? A) Placement of the catheter B) Procedure for insertion of the catheter C) Type and size of the catheter to be used D) Administration of cleansing enemas
C) Type and size of the catheter to be used
The nurse advises a patient with renal stones to avoid eating shellfish, asparagus, and organ meats. She emphasizes these foods because she knows that his renal stones are composed of which of the following substances? A) Cystine B) Struvite C) Uric acid D) Calcium
C) Uric acid
A client comes to the emergency department complaining of a sudden onset of sharp, severe flank pain. During the physical examination, the client indicates that the pain, which comes in waves, travels to the suprapubic region. He states, "I can even feel the pain at the tip of my penis." Which of the following would the nurse suspect? A) Ureteral stricture B) Renal cell carcinoma C) Urinary calculi D) Acute glomerulonephritis
C) Urinary calculi
The nurse is educating a female patient with a UTI on the pharmacologic regimen for treatment. What is important for the nurse to instruct the patient to do? A) Take the antibiotic as well as an antifungal for the yeast infection she will probably have. B) Be sure to take the medication with grapefruit juice. C) Understand that if the infection reoccurs, the dose will be higher next time. D) Take the antibiotic for 3 days as prescribed.
D) Take the antibiotic for 3 days as prescribed.
A widely accepted criterion for acute kidney injury is a 50% or greater increase in serum _____ above baseline.
Creatinine
The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for the creation of an ileal conduit. Which statement by the client provides evidence that client teaching was effective? A) "I will not need to worry about being incontinent of urine." B) "A catheter will drain urine directly from my kidney." C) "My urine will be eliminated with my feces." D) "My urine will be eliminated through a stoma."
D) "My urine will be eliminated through a stoma."
The nurse observes a client's uric acid level of 9.3 mg/dL. When teaching the client about ways to decrease the uric acid level, which diet would the nurse suggest? A) A diet high in calcium B) A low-sodium diet C) A diet high in fruits and vegetables D) A low-purine diet
D) A low-purine diet
The nurse is caring for a client who has a type of urinary diversion that requires an external ostomy bag to collect the urine. This client has: A) A cystectomy B) A urethroplasty C) A continent urinary diversion D) An incontinent urinary diversion
D) An incontinent urinary diversion
Which of the following is the most effective intravesical agent for recurrent bladder cancer? A) Vinblastine B) Methotrexate C) Cisplatin D) Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
D) Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
After teaching a group of students about malignant bladder tumors, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following clients as having the greatest risk for developing a malignant bladder tumor? A) Client with a history of untreated gonorrhea B) Client with a history of a STD C) Client with a history of bladder inflammation D) Client with a history of cigarette smoking
D) Client with a history of cigarette smoking
The nurse is encouraging the client with recurrent urinary tract infections to increase his fluid intake to 8 large glasses of fluids daily. The client states he frequently drinks water and all of the following. Which of the following would the nurse discourage for this client? A) Milk at lunch B) Ginger ale at dinner time C) Fruit juice midmorning D) Coffee in the morning
D) Coffee in the morning
During peritoneal dialysis, a client suddenly begins to breathe more rapidly. Which action does the nurse take FIRST? A) Discontinues the dialysis procedure B) Checks the client's vital signs C) Notifies the health care provider D) Elevates the HOB
D) Elevates the HOB
The nurse is conducting a community education program on UTIs. The nurse determines that the participants understand the teaching when they identify which factor as contributing to UTIs in older adults? A) Low incidence of chronic illness B) Sporadic use of antimicrobial agents C) Active lifestyle D) Immunocompromise
D) Immunocompromise
The nurse cares for a client 2 hr after the client has a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The nurse assesses the 3-way indwelling urinary catheter and continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) and notes the urinary output is bright red with clots present. Which is the MOST appropriate action for the nurse to take? A) Notify the HCP immediately B) Place the client in trendelenburg position C) Prepare to administer blood products D) Increase the rate of the irrigation fluid
D) Increase the rate of the irrigation fluid
The older adult client reports having to urinate frequently at night. The client's adult child states, "My parent has been falling, and that is really unusual." Which action does the nurse take FIRST? A) Obtains a prescription for an antibiotic B) Tells the client to drink 8-10 glasses of water per day C) Instructs the client to ask for assistance when ambulating D) Obtains a midstream urine specimen
D) Obtains a midstream urine specimen
A client is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. Which finding is expected by the nurse? A) Hematuria B) Polyuria C) Dysuria D) Oliguria
D) Oliguria
Which of the following is the most common symptom of bladder cancer? A) Back pain B) Altered voiding C) Pelvic pain D) Painless gross hematuria
D) Painless gross hematuria
The nurse is caring for a postoperative client who has a Kock pouch. Nursing assessment findings reveal abdominal pain, absence of bowel sounds, fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea. The nurse suspects which of the following? A) Postoperative pneumonia B) Stoma retraction C) Stoma ischemia D) Peritonitis
D) Peritonitis
A client with a history of kidney disease is reporting weakness and lethargy. The client's electrocardiogram shows sinus bradycardia with a prolonged PR interval. Which lab value does the nurse expect to find? A) Potassium 3.0 mEq/L B) Potassium 3.5 mEq/L C) Potassium 5.0 mEq/L D) Potassium 8.5 mEq/L
D) Potassium 8.5 mEq/L
Which nursing intervention should the nurse caring for the client with pyelonephritis implement? A) Restrict intake to 1L per day. B) Administer acetaminophen. C) Straight catheterize the client every 4-6hr. D) Teach client to increase fluid intake up to 3L per day.
D) Teach client to increase fluid intake up to 3L per day.
A client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease is prescribed a low protein diet. The nurse understands this diet is prescribed for which reason? A) To decrease fluid retention B) To increase diaphoresis C) To prevent hypovolemic shock D) To preserve renal function
D) To preserve renal function
A group of students are reviewing information about disorders of the bladder and urethra. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following as a voiding dysfunction? A) Cystitis B) Urethral stricture C) Bladder stones D) Urinary retention
D) Urinary retention
The nurse recognizes that urinalysis results that most likely indicate a urinary tract infection include: A) Proteinuria B) RBC 3 C) Glucose trace D) WBC 50
D) WBC 50
T or F: A flaccid bladder, caused by a lower motor neuron lesion which commonly results from trauma, is the more common type of neurogenic bladder.
False
T or F: Functional incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine through an intact urethra as a result of sneezing, coughing, or changing position.
False
T or F: In chronic glomerulonephritis, the kidneys are reduced to as little as 50% of their normal size.
False
Visible, painless _____ is the most common symptom of bladder cancer.
Hematuria
_____ is used when a patient is acutely ill until kidneys resume function and for long-term replacement therapy for chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease.
Hemodialysis
_____ is the most immediate life threatening of the fluid and electrolyte imbalances that occur in patients with kidney disorders.
Hyperkalemia
Any condition that damages the glomerular membrane and results in increased permeability to plasma proteins is _____ syndrome.
Nephrotic
A UTI of the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys is known as _____.
Pyelonephritis
The most common route of lower UTIs is _____, a process whereby bacteria (often from fecal contamination) colonize the periurethral area and enter the bladder.
Transurethral
T or F: About 80% of all kidney stones are calcium based.
True
T or F: Cancer of the bladder is more common after age 55 and smoking increases the risk by 50%.
True
T or F: Diabetes is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease.
True
T or F: Factors that contribute to urinary tract infections (UTIs) include bacterial invasion of the urinary tract, urethrovesical reflux, and shorter urethra in women.
True
T or F: Kidney transplantation has become the treatment of choice for most patients with end-stage kidney disease.
True
T or F: Peritonitis is the most common and the most serious complication of peritoneal dialysis.
True
T or F: The glomerular filtration rate and the creatinine clearance decrease with end-stage kidney disease.
True
A _____ is a form of continent urinary diversion that involves the transplantation of the ureters into the sigmoid colon.
Ureterosigmoidostomy
_____ is the inability of the bladder to empty completely.
Urinary retention
The most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill patient with a kidney disorder is _____ which must be assessed daily.
Weight