Urinary Quiz

Micturition Micturition -is another name for urination. -is a reflex triggered by stretch receptors in the urinary bladder. -requires the opening of two sphincters. -requires contraction of the muscularis layer of the urinary bladder. -All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Role of Transitional Epithelium What is the value of transitional epithelium in the urinary system? -It can contract to produce peristalsis. -It provides cushioning. -It protects against trauma. -Its cilia help propel the urine. -It allows distension.

It allows distension.

Nephron Classes: Establish Concentration Gradient Which class of nephron is crucially important in establishing a salt concentration gradient in the kidney so that urine concentration can be regulated? -Cortical nephrons -Adrenal nephrons -Juxtamedullary nephrons -Intercalated nephrons

Juxtamedullary nephrons

What is the correct sequence of organs for the formation and elimination of urine? -Urethra, bladder, kidney, ureter -Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra -Kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra -Bladder, urethra, kidney, ureter -Kidney, urethra, bladder, ureter

Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

Cells Responsive to ALDO and ADH Which type of distal cell within kidney tubules and collecting ducts are responsive to aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone? -Type A cells -Intercalated endocrine cells -Principal cells -Type B cells

Principal cells

Kidney Functions Which is not a function of the kidneys? -Removal of wastes from the blood -Regulation of blood pressure -Regulation of acid-base balance -Regulation of erythrocyte production -Regulation of lymphocyte production

Regulation of lymphocyte production

Urine Formation: Role of Renal Tubules Which step(s) in the process of urine formation occur in the renal tubule? -Filtration only -Secretion only -Secretion and reabsorption only -Reabsorption only -Filtration, secretion, and reabsorption

Secretion and reabsorption only

Nitrogenous Waste Products: Nucleic Acid Breakdown Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste product produced from nucleic acid breakdown in the liver? -Creatinine -Deoxyribose -Urea -Uric acid

Uric acid

Regions of a Nephron Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation. a: Capsular space of glomerulus b: Nephron loop c: Collecting duct d: Distal convoluted tubule e: Proximal convoluted tubule -e, d, b, a, c -a, e, b, d, c -b, e, c, d, a -a, c, b, e, d -b, d, c, e, a

a, e, b, d, c

Movement of Glucose and Amino Acids Nutrients such as glucose and amino acids within the tubular fluid -are completely secreted. -have concentrations in the filtrate and urine that match their transport maximum. -have a little less than half of their tubular fluid concentration reabsorbed. -are completely reabsorbed. -have half of their plasma concentration secreted.

are completely reabsorbed.

Regions of Male Urethra Put the portions of the male urethra in the correct order, from the urinary bladder to the exterior. a: Spongy part b: Urethral orifice c: Prostatic part d: Membranous part -b, c, a, d -c, d, a, b -b, a, c, d -c, a, d, b -b, c, d, a

c, d, a, b

Result of Sympathetic Stimulation: Arterioles Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney results in -dilation of afferent arterioles and a decrease in the surface area of the glomerulus. -dilation of afferent arterioles and an increase in the surface area of the glomerulus. -constriction of afferent arterioles and a decrease in the surface area of the glomerulus. -constriction of afferent arterioles and an increase in the surface area of the glomerulus.

constriction of afferent arterioles and a decrease in the surface area of the glomerulus.

Sequence of Blood Flow: Glomerulus The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from most other capillary networks in the body because they -drain into an arteriole instead of a venule. -carry only deoxygenated blood. -contain no endothelium. -absorb nutrients from the glomerular capsule. -secrete mucus.

drain into an arteriole instead of a venule.

Influence of Plasma Proteins The presence of proteins in the plasma tends to -draw fluid back into the glomerulus. -push fluid across the filtration membrane.

draw fluid back into the glomerulus.

Sequence of Blood Flow: Obstruction in Glomerulus An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the -renal artery. -afferent arteriole. -efferent arteriole. -proximal convoluted tubule. -distal convoluted tubule.

efferent arteriole.

Anatomy of Renal Corpuscle The thick tangle of capillary loops found within a corpuscle is known as the -convoluted capillary bed. -Bowman. -glomerular capsule. -glomerulus. -nephron.

glomerulus.

Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure: Relative Pressure and Reason Blood pressure in the glomerulus is _______ than in other capillaries due to the relatively large diameter of ________ arterioles. -higher; efferent -lower; efferent -higher; afferent -lower; afferent

higher; afferent

Sympathetic Effects on GFR If someone is bleeding severely, the body's adaptive response is to -decrease sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore increase GFR. -increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore increase GFR. -increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR. -decrease sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR.

increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR.

ANP Release and Effects The hormone ANP is released from the heart and causes the urinary system to -decrease urine volume and blood volume. -increase urine volume and blood volume. -decrease urine volume and increase blood volume. -increase urine volume and decrease blood volume.

increase urine volume and decrease blood volume.

Dehydration vs. ADH Dehydration results in -increased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption. -increased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption. -decreased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption. -decreased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption.

increased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption.

Countercurrent Multiplier The countercurrent multiplier is a system by which the -vasa recta becomes more concentrated with nitrogenous wastes than the urine. -vasa recta secretes multiple amounts of metabolic wastes against their concentration gradient. -nephron loop dilutes the concentration of solutes in the tubular fluid at its hairpin turn. -nephron loop multiplies the concentration of salts in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla.

nephron loop multiplies the concentration of salts in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla.

Transport of Water The primary mechanism of water reabsorption in the kidney is -osmosis through aquaporins. -secondary active transport by means of a sodium-water symporter. -bulk transport by means of endocytosis. -primary active transport by means of a protein pump.

osmosis through aquaporins.

Kidney Functions: Secretions In response to low blood ________, the kidneys secrete __________. -oxygen; erythropoietin -calcium; renin -glucose; calcitriol -potassium; erythropoietin -sodium; calcitriol

oxygen; erythropoietin

Kidney vs Peritoneum The kidneys are located ___________ the peritoneum. -posterior to -within -anterior to

posterior to

Water Reabsorption Generally, most water reabsorption in a nephron occurs at the -nephron loop and is called obligatory water reabsorption. -proximal convoluted tubule and is called facultative water reabsorption. -nephron loop and is called facultative water reabsorption. -proximal convoluted tubule and is called obligatory water reabsorption.

proximal convoluted tubule and is called obligatory water reabsorption.

Location of Most Reabsorption Most tubular reabsorption occurs in the -distal convoluted tubule, where cells have many microvilli. -distal convoluted tubule, where cells have many flagella. -proximal convoluted tubule, where cells have many flagella. -proximal convoluted tubule, where cells have many microvilli.

proximal convoluted tubule, where cells have many microvilli.

Components of Urine: pH The normal pH for urine -ranges between 3.0 and 6.0. -is anything below 7.0. -is anything above 7.0 -ranges between 8.0 and 9.0 for someone with a diet high in protein. -ranges between 4.5 and 8.0.

ranges between 4.5 and 8.0.

Functions of ALDO Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that __________ synthesis of Na+/K+ pumps and Na+ channels in principal cells of kidney tubules. -inhibits -stimulates

stimulates

Functions of PTH Parathyroid hormone (PTH) -stimulates reabsorption of both calcium and phosphate. -inhibits reabsorption of calcium but stimulates phosphate reabsorption. -inhibits reabsorption of both calcium and phosphate. -stimulates reabsorption of calcium but inhibits phosphate reabsorption.

stimulates reabsorption of calcium but inhibits phosphate reabsorption.

Largest Amount a Substance Can Be Reabsorbed or Secreted The largest possible amount of a substance that can be reabsorbed or secreted across a kidney tubule wall in a given duration of time is known as the -net filtration pressure. -renal clearance exponent. -glomerular filtration rate. -transport maximum. -renal threshold.

transport maximum.

Urinary Anatomy The ___________ transfer urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. -efferent arteries -vas deferens and uterine tubes -ureters -urethras

ureters

Podocyte Location Podocytes are cells with foot-like processes called pedicels. Podocytes are found in the -visceral layer of the glomerular capsule. -basement membrane of the glomerulus. -endothelium of the glomerulus. -periphery of the distal convoluted tubule.

visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.