urinary system
angiotensin
a plasma protein produced when renin is released from kidney
wall of the bladder
detrusor muscle
excretes water,carbon dioxide,lipids, bile pigments other metabolic waste
digestive system
the secretion of large amounts of urine
diuresis
the process of eliminating wastes from the body
excretion
cluster of capillaries inside the nephron
glomerulus
the cluster of capillaries in the nephron is the
glomerulus
which substances should never be found in urine
glucose
the location where blood vessels, nerves and the ureter enter and leave the kidney is the
hilum
excretes water,electrolytes,lactic acid, urea through sweat
integumentary system
clean toxic substance,blood filters remove potential posions, adjust water,tweak levels of sodium,potassium ph, regulate bp, production of rbc
kidneys role
u-shape portion of the renal tubule
loop of henle
2-3 minor calyces join together to form
major calyx
urination
micturition
filtration unit of kidney
nephron
network of capillaries surrounding the renal tubules
peritubular capillaries
most sodium is reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate in the
proximal convoluted tubule
where are most of the water, electrolytes, nutrients reabsorbed
proximal convoluted tubule
identify the four regions of the renal tubule, beginning with the region closest to the renal corpuscle
proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
which blood vessel supplies blood to the kidney
renal artery
divide the interior region into cond shaped sections, extensions from renal cortex
renal columns
portion of nephron that filters plasma, consisting of a glomerulus and bowman's capsule
renal corpuscle
outer region of kidney, site of urine production
renal cortex
where is the majority of nephrons located
renal cortex
inner region of the kidney,site urine collection
renal medulla
point of pyramid aces the hilum
renal papilla
cone shaped sections,consisting of tubules for transporting urine away from cortex
renal pyramids
portion of nephron where urine is formed, where urine is formed
renal tubule
the portion of the nephron is charge of making urine is the
renal tubule
blood eventually leaves the kidney through,which empties in to inferior vena cava
renal vein
enzyme released by the kidneys in response to a drop in blood pressure that causes the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
renin
excretes carbon dioxide and water
respiratory system
kidney posterior to the parietal peritoneum
retroperitoneal
most diuretics work by blocking tubular reabsorption of
sodium
why does right kidney sit lower than left
space occupied by liver just above
measurement that indicates the amount of solid matter in a liquid
specific gravity
angiotensin II
stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone
nerves enter the kidney at the hilum. what is their role in urine formation
sympathetic fibers adjust the diameter of the afferent and efferent arteioles to control the flow of blood and blood pressure, inside the glomerulus
urination occurs when
the bladder contracts and the external urethral sphincter relaxes
a triangular shaped smooth area on the floor of the bladder is called
trigone
infections commonly attack which area of the bladder
trigone
process where by chemicals are removed from filtrate in the renal tubules and returned to the blood
tubular resorption
process whereby chemicals are added to the filtrate in the renal tubules
tubular secretion
where location and size of kidneys
underneath the 12th rib,posterior abdominal wall,T12 to L3, 4"x2"x1"
muscular tubes connecting the renal pelvis of each kidney with the bladder
ureters
in women, the ___ is shorter than it is in men, which contributes to the higher incidence of urinary tract infections in women
urethra
small tube that conveys urine away from the bladder and out the the body
urethra
collapsible muscular sac that stores urine
urinary bladder
excretes metabolic wastes,drugs,hormones,salts, water
urinary system
kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra
urinary system
what occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
variable amount of water and salts are reabsorbed, specialized cells reabsorb potassium and secrete hydrogen to aid acid-base balance
what is the first step in the creation of urine
water & small solutes filter out of the blood inside the glomerulus and into the surrounding space of the bowman's capsule
the fluid from the blood, every hour, the kidneys filter up to
12 pints or 5.7liters
many diuretics block the tubular reabsortion of sodium. how does this affect urine volume and blood pressure
also blocks the reabsorption of water, increased urine output, blood volume decreases and blood pressure drops
hormone that inhibits diuresis by stimulating the kidney to conserve water
antidiuretic hormone
what prevents calcium, iron, thyroid hormone from filtering out of the blood in the glomerulus
bound to plasma proteins, which are too large to pass through the pores of the glomerulus
glomerular capsule
bowman's capsule
two layers of epithelial cells that envelop the glomerulus in a open-ended cover
bowman's capsule
cuplike area that collect urine
calyx
how does hypertension cause kidney damage
can cause glomerular capillaries to burst, resulting in scarring.also atherosclerosis, which reduces blood flow to the kidneys & causes more damage
the hormone aldosterone does what
causes the distal convoluted tubule to reabsorb more NaCl, which leads to water retention and a rise in blood pressure
who does adh affect the kidneys
cells of the distal and collecting tubules to become more permeable to water. water flows out of the tubule and into the interstitial fluid, causing urine volume to decrease
receives drainage from the distal convoluted tubules of several different nephrons: eventually drains into a minor calys
collecting duct
what structures make up a renal corpuscle
consist of a glomerulus and bowman's capsule
