URP Ch 1

In the 19th century, South American cities became more integrated into the global economy by coordinating the export of primary commodities and the import of manufactured goods. What primary commodities were important in the 19th century?

Beef, minerals, coffee, rubber

Lima, Buenos Aires, and Montevideo are:

Both capital cities and primate cities

With nearly 50 million people in an area the size of Austria, it represents a quarter of the national population and one-third of the GNP. What is it?

Brazil's megalopolis

During its "golden age" in the late 19th century, it was known as the "Paris of South America." To what city does this moniker refer?

Buenos Aires

Which one of the following South American cities is most vulnerable to sea level rise?

Buenos Aires

Since the beginning of the 21st century, Bogota has successfully developed what two alternatives to the automobile as methods of moving people around the city?

Bus Rapid Transit and Bicycle Lanes

If you were studying cities located in the More Developed Countries, you might consider case studies in all of the following except:

China

Which one of the following statements is not true of the Caribbean's urban geography?

Cities in the Lesser Antilles tend to sprawl across entire islands.

Which one of the following monikers would not fit Los Angeles?

City on the Bay

Pre-Colombian urbanization in South America reached its height in cities like Cuzco, which was built by the:

Incas

Brazil's efforts to open up the interior of the country to settlement and development has:

Included establishment of new urban centers far from the coast

Which of the following is not associated with the concept of "enclave urbanism"?

Interconnected Neighborhoods

Which one of the following statements is not true about New York City?

It has a relatively specialized economic base

What impact did the maquiladora program have on Mexico's urban geography?

It led to substantial urban growth on the U.S.-Mexican border.

Which one of the following is not an example of a city where immigration is a relatively new and very important phenomenon?

Los Angeles

There is disagreement over the criteria which differentiate world cities and global cities. According to Saskia Sassen, however, what are the only three truly global cities?

New York, London, Tokyo

Which one of the following is not true with respect to spatial segregation in South American cities?

Polarization of lifestyles by neighborhood is decreasing

Half of Uruguay's population resides in Montevideo, and a third of Chile's population resides in Santiago. The demographic dominance of Montevideo and Santiago makes these cities:

Primate cities

The growth of Lima during the second half of the 20th century could best be described as:

Rapid and unplanned

One of the main reasons for the building of Brasília was to:

Redistribute the population from the coast to the interior.

One reason why affluent gated communities have located in low-income jurisdictions of Buenos Aires' suburbs is because of:

Relaxed land use laws

The ambulantes (street vendors) of South America's cities:

Represent one of the few occupations open to poor women

The easy‑going Carioca, the annual Carnival, Copacabana Beach, and Sugarloaf Mountain are iconic images of:

Rio de Janeiro

According to geographer Peter Hall, "the first great city in world history" was:

Rome

The earliest urban anchor of Portugal's colonial holdings in South America and the second largest city in the entire Portuguese realm at the time was:

Salvador da Bahia

A right‑angled gridiron of streets oriented around a central plaza was the urban form required under:

Spain's "Laws of the Indies"

Brazil's 1956 Development Plan designated what city as the site of the country's foreign-led automobile industry beginning with Volkswagen?

São Paulo

Which pair of cities is Portuguese-speaking?

São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro

The three megacities of South America are:

São Paulo, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro

In the United States, which one of the following would have the largest population?

The Omaha Metropolitan Area

Chicago, Detroit, and Cleveland rose to prominence during what era of urban history?

The era of industrial capitalism

What would you find in South America's favelas?

The urban poor

How does the contemporary world's urban population growth rate compare with the overall population growth rate?

The world's urban population is growing (4x) more rapidly than the world's population as a whole

As the gap between rich and poor has widened in most cities of South America, what has happened to the urban elite?

They have moved to protected luxury apartments and gated suburban communities.

Residents of asentamientos humanos and villas meserias usually lack security of tenure, which means that they lack:

Title to the land

The colonial core of Lima, the central area of Brasília, and the Carioca landscapes of Rio de Janeiro have all been designated:

World heritage sites by UNESCO

Urbanism

a broad concept that generally refers to all aspects of the urban way of life

Preindustrial City

a city that was founded and grew before the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

Mara Salvatrucha, or MS13, is dominant in El Salvador but now spreads from Canada to Colombia. What is Mara Salvatrucha?

a gang

A "Water War" erupted in Cochabamba, Peru, in 2000. What event precipitated these major uprisings and multiday protests by the city's citizens?

a global company was given control of the city's water and it raised water fees

Of the following, which one would you be least likely to find in the wealthiest jurisdiction of Los Angeles such as Beverly Hills?

a home owner

Urban Place

a place with increased population, eventually becoming large enough that its economy is no longer tied to agriculture or other primary activities

Postindustrial City

a relatively new type of city; it's economy is tied to high service sector employment

Metacity

a spatially sprawling conurbation of more than 20 million people

All of the following have fueled the growth of creative and designed-based industries in Montreal except:

an emphasis on retaining corporate headquarters functions

Shopping malls are to lifestyle centers as:

anchor department stores are to specialty shops

Conurbation

as urban areas expand, they engulf smaller cities in the urban expansion zone

Sustainable City

attempts to create well-being for multiple species in four domains: ecology, economics, politics, and culture

Georgetown, Guyana, along with the cities of suriname and French Guiana:

both

São Paulo's economic base was initially tied to the growing and transshipment of:

coffee

What crop had consolidated Central America's national capitals by the end of the 19th century?

coffee

The militarization of city police forces contradicts the concept of:

community policing

A trip to Taipei, Taiwan, to study the Matsu parade would make an appropriate chapter for a book on the:

cultural geography of cities

Guarded apartments, walled housing estates, chauffeured shuttles to private schools: these are all characteristics of:

defensive urbanism

Galactic Metropolis

describes how economic and spatial structure reinforced connections among seemingly disparate spatial elements that creates a geometry that favored urban centers

Megapolis

focuses attention on a new scale of urbanization to describe the coalescence of metropolitan areas at the regional scale

World City

function as command-and-control centers of the world economy offering advanced, knowledge-based producer services

Venezuela's Ciudad Guayana does not fit into which of the following categories?

gateway cities - steel manufacturing, new town and a center for urban growth/migration

"The movement of products, money, information, and human talent around the world in ever larger quantities, at every lower costs, and in ever less time." What is it?

globalization

Brasília:

has a center that is shaped like an airplane with a residential and governmental axis. - innovative planning and geological location nullify the others

Industrial City

has an economy based on the production of manufactured goods

Brazil's efforts to open up the interior of the country to settlement and development has:

included establishment of new urban centers far from the coast

Which one of the following would be categorized as an urban environmental risk at the local scale with a short-term impact?

increasing litter

Metropolis and Metropolitan Area

loosely refers to any large city; includes a central city plus all surrounding territory that is integrated with the urban core

Urban Landscapes

manifestations of the thoughts, deeds, and actions of human beings

The industrial free zone along the border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti operates on the same principles as:

maquiladoras.

What would you be least likely to find in the scores of "edge cities" which have materialized on the fringes of major metropolitan areas?

mass transit stations

Self-help housing in South America is characterized by all of the following except:

planned zones of urban expansion

Colonial City

profoundly impacted urban patterns throughout much of the world; unique because of its focu on commercial functions, its peculiar situation requirements, and blend of Western urban forms with traditional indigenous cultures

One of the main reasons for the building of Brasilia was to:

redistribute the population from the coast to the interior

City

refers to a large, densely populated place that is legally incorporated as a municipality

Primate City

refers to the tendency of some countries to have one exceptionally large city that is economically dominant and culturally expressive of national identity

What category of land use accounts for an enormous one fifth of urban land in the United States?

roads and highways

When sewer and storm water drains are combined into a single system:

sewage may enter waterways during rain storms

Montreal was founded on the banks of the St. Lawrence River where the Lachine Rapids impeded upstream navigation. This is a description of Montreal's:

site

Rank-Size Rule

states that the population of a particular city should be equal to the population of the country's largest city divided by its rank

Which one of the following is an example of a non-basic economic activity?

strip mall in Kalamazoo, Michigan

What drove the initial demand for African slaves in the Caribbean Basin?

sugar plantations

In general, the historico centros of cities in Middle America and the Caribbean have:

survived generally intact from colonial times into the 21st century.

The level of urbanization (percent urban) in South America approximates that of:

the U.S. and Canada

Urban Area

the built-up area where buildings, roads, and essentially urban land uses predominate

Using the term "dual cities" in the context of South American urbanism refers to:

the gap between modern, progressive elements and impoverished, obsolete elements

Site and Situation

the physical characteristics of the place where a city originated and evolved; connotes a city's connectedness with other places and surrounding regions

Urban Agglomeration

the physical contiguity created by continued urban and suburban expansion around a central urban place or places

Cities where raw materials or semi-finished products are transferred from one mode of transit to another are categorized as:

transportation centers

Megacity

used colloquially to designate the very largest urban places, usually conceptualized as an urban core and peripheral expansion zone

Tijuana and Mexicali:

were among the first border cities to experience a growth surge.

In which one of South America's regions do cities have the largest proportion of indigenous inhabitants?

Andean America

Continents which do not have any megacities at the present time include:

Antarctica and Australia

The European settlement of Middle America and the Caribbean began circa:

1500 A.D./C.E.

A new town is:

Comprehensively planned to be as self-contained as possible

Beginning in the 1960s, architect and mayor Jaime Lerner masterminded the evolution of what city into one of the pioneering laboratories of sustainable urbanism?

Curitiba

Which of the following cities would be most likely to fit the principles of central place theory?

Decatur, Illinois, an agricultural service center

Crimes such as homicide in São Paulo often correlate with:

Drug trafficking

"Loci of national sovereignty with landscapes that are charged with the symbols of solidarity (real or imagined) and museums that are the attics of the nation." To what category of cities does this description apply?

capital cities

Large cities are fewer in number and farther apart than medium-sized cities; medium-sized cities are fewer in number and farther apart than small cities. What theory accounts for the regularities of size and spacing of cities as market centers?

central place theory

Suburbia

characterized as having an intermediate population density, landscapes dominated by trees, grassy yards and single-family owner-occupied houses, separation of residential, commercial, and industrial land uses

Socialist and Post-socialist City

cities that evolved under communist regimes; cities that are breaking away from the urban plans that were so strictly enforced by communist or socialist governments

Buenos Aires is located on the edge of the humid pampas. How would you describe the setting of Lima?

coastal desert