US History 11/8/2020

Indentured Servants 1600s

***Method of choice employed by many planters before the 1680s. A servant would have their fare across the Atlantic paid in full by their master. A contract was written that stipulated the length of service — typically five years. The servant would be supplied room and board while working in the master's fields. Upon completion of the contract, the servant would receive "freedom dues,"-This might include land, money, a gun, clothes or food. On the surface it seemed like a terrific way, but only 40% gained their freedom. By 1660, much of the best land was claimed by the large land owners. The former servants were pushed westward, where the mountainous land was less arable and the threat from Indians constant.

Slavery begins in America

1619- Virginia. In New England, imported enslaved people were initially given the same status as indentured servants. This changed in 1641, when the Massachusetts Bay Colony passed slave laws differentiating slave labor from the indentured servants' contract labor, which took away the enslaved's rights.

King Philip's War

1675. longest and bloodiest conflict between settlers and natives in 17th century, native Wampanoags under King Phillip ( Indian Chieftain) resisted England encroachment on their land, they killed many settlers in Mass, English joined with Mohawks to defeat them

joint-stock company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Early trade between Native Americans & Europeans

First Europeans to purchase furs from Indians were French and English fishermen who, during the 1500s, fished off the coast of northeastern Canada and occasionally traded with the Indians. In exchange, the Indians received European-manufactured goods such as guns, metal cooking utensils, and cloth.

Hispaniola

First island in Caribbean settled by Spaniards; settlement founded by Columbus on second voyage to New World; Spanish base of operations for further discoveries in New World. Modern day Haiti & DR.

Massachusetts slave laws

First slave holding colony in New England. In 1641 the Massachusetts Bay Colony adopted a code of laws that made slavery legal. First colony to also authorize slavery.

John Smith

Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.

Squanto

Native American who helped the English colonists in Massachusetts develop agricultural techniques and served as an interpreter between the colonists and the Wampanoag.

Powhatan Uprising of 1622

Powhatan War, (1622-44), relentless struggle between the Powhatan Indian confederacy and early English settlers in the tidewater section of Virginia and southern Maryland. The conflict resulted in the destruction of the Indian power.

Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

Rebellion of discontent former landless servants led by Nathaniel Bacon. *Historical Significance:* Led to a move from indentured servants to African slaves for labor purposes.

Caribbean Slave System

The Caribbean was the first place to have African slaves. Their lifespan was about 3 years. They were in charge of farming sugar cane, this is also known as the "killing crop." The work is back breaking and the climate didn't help, it was hot, humid, and dry. WHEN: 1700's WHAT: 15 million African Slaves sent to work in the Caribbean due to a demand of Caribbean goods like sugar, and tobacco rose. SIGNIFICANCE: generate wealth for British, French, 13 colonies, and the Spaniards.

Virginia Company

The Virginia Company of London was a joint-stock company chartered by King James I in 1606 to establish a colony in North America. Such a venture allowed the Crown to reap the benefits of colonization—natural resources, new markets for English goods, leverage against the Spanish—without bearing the costs. Charter guarantees new colonists same rights as people back in England.

Headright System

The Virginia Company's system- The leaders of each colony knew that labor was essential for economic survival, so they provided incentives for planters to import workers. For each laborer brought across the Atlantic, the master was rewarded with 50 acres of land. This system was used by wealthy plantation aristocrats to increase their land holdings dramatically. In addition, of course, they received the services of the workers for the duration of the indenture.

Battle of Great Swamp

The bloodiest battle of King Philips War. The settlement was burned, its inhabitants (including women and children) killed or evicted, and most of the tribe's winter stores destroyed. It is believed that at least 97 Narragansett warriors and 300 to 1,000 non-combatants were killed, though exact figures are unknown.

Mayfower Compact

The first document of self-government in North America. For Plymouth Colony. 41 male passengers of the Mayflower created and signed it.

Congregationalists

The more extreme Puritans who believed every congregation ought to be autonomous, and Jesus Christ is the head of each congregation (i.e. churches are all independent of one another).

Nathaniel Bacon

a planter who led a rebellion with one thousand other Virginians in 1676; the rebels were mostly frontiersmen forced toward the backcountry in search of fertile land

Triangle Trade

a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa

Puritan Beliefs and Values

believed protestantism had become to gaudy and disconnected from Calvinism. Puritans sought to reform church to get back to the basics of Calvinism. 1) Was a way of life (theocracy) 2) Puritan spiritual life stressed self-discipline & introspection (hard work wipes away sin) 3) Saw their lives as a "divine mission": God gave them the New World for they were his chosen people. This idea is the precursor to the concept of Manifest Destiny

St. Augustine, Florida

the oldest permanent European settlement in what is now the United States was founded in September 1565 by a Spanish soldier named Pedro Menéndez de Avilés in St. Augustine, Florida.