US History 2 Final
In what year where Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert Kennedy both assassinated?
1968
The Dow Jones Industrial Average-which stood at 950 in 1981-reached _______ by the end of Reagan's second term.
2,239
How did federal housing programs discriminate against Americans of color?
All of the answers are correct.
In 1999, nearing the end of his presidency, Bill Clinton
All of the answers are correct.
What caused the Cuban Missile Crisis?
All of the answers are correct.
Introduced in 1977, this computer was the first successful mass-produced microcomputer meant for home use.
Apple II
Why did President Clinton fail to secure universal healthcare?
All of the answers are correct.
Why was Emmett Till murdered?
Allegedly whistling at a white woman
The Stonewall incident that catalyzed the gay rights movement occurred when:
Bar patrons in New York City protested a police raid
When communists with ties to Cuba overthrew the government of the Caribbean nation of _______________ in October 1983, Reagan dispatched the U.S. Marines to the island
Grenada
In the mid-1960s, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) experienced a transformation. This transformation included all of the following EXCEPT
Merging with the Black Panther Party
Which leader of the Soviet Union advocated the projects of glasnost and perestroika?
Mikhail Gorbachev
This case expanded the rights of the accused by mandating that they must be informed of their rights upon arrest.
Miranda v. Arizona
What initially sparked the 1973 energy crisis?
OPEC's embargo of oil exports to the United States in retaliation for American intervention in the Middle East
In the Election of 1992, this Texas Billionaire became a third-party contender, who likely made a difference in the outcome of the election.
Ross Perot
What was the primary rationale used to justify the Iraq War?
Saddam Hussein's alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction
The contras, a right-wing insurgency group was fighting this leftist government in Nicaragua
Sandinista
How did Ronald Reagan win over the Religious Right?
Denouncing abortion and prayer in schools
After President Truman banned racial discrimination in the military and in federal hiring practices and eliminated government contracts with companies known for their discriminatory policies, outraged Southern Democrats led a break-away faction headed by South Carolina Governor J. Strom Thurmond known as the:
Dixiecrats
In his own words, this president described himself as, "conservative when it comes to money and liberal when it comes to human beings."
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Which agency investigates sexual discrimination in the workplace and enforces the Title VII stipulations?
EEOC
Reagan announced plans for a space-based system that could shoot down incoming Soviet missiles called:
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
North Vietnamese and Vietcong forces executed a massive series of raids on various towns, cities, and bases throughout South Vietnam called:
The Tet Offensive
Which of the following best describes the "Reagan Doctrine?"
The United States committed to supplying aid to anti-communist forces everywhere in the world
On December 19, 1998, the House voted to impeach President Clinton for
lying to a grand jury and obstructing justice.
In 1974, Richard Nixon left the presidency
through resignation.
The Supreme Court in the case United States v. Richard M. Nixon (1974) ruled that Nixon must
turn over audio tape recordings from the Oval Office to the special prosecutor.
How did racism influence the growth of the modern Republican Party?
Democrats took the lead in passing civil rights legislation, pushing many white Americans toward the Republican Party
What did Lyndon Johnson call his domestic program?
Great Society
On March 31, 1981, while exiting a luncheon at the Washington Hilton Hotel in Washington D.C., Reagan and three others were shot by ____________________ who fired six shots from a .22 caliber revolver.
John Hinckley
In 1958, this Harvard economist and public intellectual published The Affluent Society.
John Kenneth Galbraith
This event in Arkansas exemplified the worst kind of response to integration attempts in the South, in which many whites felt threatened by what they perceived as a sudden and unnecessary change in the law and acted out in hatred and ignorance in response.
Little Rock Nine
What is the name of the University of Chicago economist who helped to develop the intellectual position of libertarian economics?
Milton Friedman
Although it was perhaps most well known for its open display of weapons, military-style dress, and black nationalist beliefs, the party's 10-Point Plan also included employment, housing, and education.
The Black Panther Party
All of the following are true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident and the ensuing resolution EXCEPT
The Johnson administration distorted the incident to provide a pretext for escalating American involvement in Vietnam
The Environmental Protection Agency was created in ________ when ________ signed the National Environmental Protection Act into law.
1970; Richard Nixon
What was the result of Brown v. Board of Education?
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following enabled the rising purchase of consumer goods?
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the programs introduced in the LBJ presidency still exist today:
All of these programs still exist today.
What was the name of the 1950s counterculture that rejected the values of conformity and domesticity?
Beats
In 1954, the United States Supreme Court overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision declaring the doctrine of "separate but equal" constitutional.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
The crisis of American hostages being held in Iran
lasted over one year.
The Watergate scandal began in 1972 with a break-in at the
offices of the Democratic National Committee.
In 2012, nearly _______ of all Americans were immigrants or the sons or daughters of immigrants.
one fourth
The 24th Amendment:
outlawed poll taxes.
In their first year in office, the George W. Bush administration
passed the largest tax cut in American history.
The phenomenon when whites in metropolitan areas fled city centers for the suburbs—often it resulted in resegregated residential patterns.
white flight
In 1983, the Reagan administration responded to a terrorist bombing of American military barracks in Beirut by
withdrawing the remaining marines.
What was the "Nixon Doctrine?"
A military policy of détente
All of the following led to the economic development of the Sun Belt EXCEPT
A resurgence in southern agriculture
Which group first promoted the idea that drug use could remedy feelings of alienation?
Counterculture
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 accomplish?
Created a Civil Rights Commission in the Department of Justice to investigate claims of racial discrimination
This case ruled that states must provide attorneys at state expense for accused persons unable to procure their own legal defense.
Gideon v. Wainwright
Who was a vocal supporter of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment (1972) that sought to provide equality to American women?
Gloria Steinem
The Albany Movement, centered in Albany, Georgia, drew on Christian commitments to social justice and united all of the following Civil Rights groups EXCEPT
The Southern Baptist Convention
What happened at My Lai?
U.S. troops massacred hundreds of civilians
President Johnson proposed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 partially in response to what event in Selma, Alabama
"Bloody Sunday," the beating of peaceful marchers by police officers
In the 1980s, record national budget deficits resulted from
-increased military spending. -increased health care costs. -large tax cuts.
Thirty-seven year old white engineer, Bernard Goetz shot and seriously wounded four black teenagers on a subway car because he suspected the young men-armed with screwdrivers- planned to rob him. What percentage of white New Yorkers sympathized with Goetz?
90%
In 2001, convinced that it harbored Al Qaeda terrorists, NATO, led by the United States, attacked
Afghanistan.
The explosive growth of mass incarceration exacted a heavy toll on which community?
African American
The military spread this chemical agent onto dense jungle to expose Vietcong hideouts and supply routes.
Agent Orange
On the day of the 2000 election,
Al Gore won the popular vote.
Dwight Eisenhower accomplished which of the following:
All of the answers are correct.
All of the following occurred during the Clinton administration EXCEPT
Allowing openly gay men and women to serve in the military
This group staged dramatic demonstrations. In November 1969, dozens began a year-and-a-half-long occupation of the abandoned Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay. In 1973, hundreds occupied the town of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, site of the infamous 1890 Indian massacre, for several months.
American Indian Movement (AIM)
How did the first freedom ride end?
Angry mobs composed of KKK members attacked the riders in Birmingham, Alabama and burned one of the buses and beat the activists who escaped
Who is the conservative economist that predicted lower tax rates would generate so much economic activity that federal tax revenues would actually increase?
Arthur Laffer
In 1963, she published The Feminine Mystique, which by 1970 had sold one million copies. Her work expressed an unspoken disillusionment felt by many American women trapped in the "comfortable concentration camp" of their domestic existences.
Betty Friedan
The Kerner Commission explained urban riots as the result of which of the following
Black frustration with the hopelessness of urban poverty
What was the primary political issue that Carter used in his presidential campaign?
Carter's campaign focused less on issues than on his background as a hardworking, honest, Southern Baptist southerner
All of the following television shows brought not only the nation's favorite shows which celebrated traditional American values to national audiences, but also introduced advertising for the many new products manufactured en masse during the 1950s, EXCEPT:
Charlie's Angels
The 1968 Democratic National Convention included massive protests and violent reprisals by police. Where did this convention meet?
Chicago
This comprehensive act barred segregation in public accommodations and outlawed discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender, and national or religious origin.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This case ruled that it was illegal for the states to require official school prayers to be recited by the students.
Engel v. Vitale
What was the subject of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring?
Environmental dangers of pesticides
What was the relationship between the federal government and economic growth in the aftermath of World War II?
Federal spending created more economic growth
Betty Friedan's Feminine Mystique focused on what primary issue
Feelings of dissatisfaction with life as a housewife
On January 8, 1959, this rebel and his revolutionary army initiated a new era of Cuban history. Having ousted the corrupt Cuban president Fulgencio Batista, who had fled Havana on New Year's Eve, this rebel leader and his forces made their way triumphantly through the capital city's streets.
Fidel Castro
Which of the following industries experienced the most economic growth under Reagan?
Financial Services
Bill Clinton was the first Democrat to win two terms as president since
Franklin Roosevelt.
In the hope of forcing the government of North Vietnam to the bargaining table, the Nixon Administration ordered the heavy bombing of communist forces located in Cambodia—specifically those forces located along the:
Ho Chi MInh Trail
What was the primary guiding principle of Carter's foreign policy during his early years in office?
Human rights
Which storm developed into a category 5 hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico in 2005? New Orleans suffered a direct hit, the levees broke, and the bulk of the city flooded
Hurricane Katrina
All of the following aspects of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 are true EXCEPT:
Increased federal revenues
Which of the following instigated the First Gulf War, also known as Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm?
Iraq's invasion of Kuwait
Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for this crime of assassinating President John F. Kennedy in Dallas but he was shot and killed by this angry citizen while being transported from the police station to the jail.
Jack Ruby
In October 1962, this student became the first African American student to enroll at the University of Mississippi. His enrollment sparked riots on the Oxford campus, prompting President John F. Kennedy to send in U.S. Marshals and National Guardsmen to maintain order.
James Meredith
In 1979 this Baptist minister founded the Moral Majority, an explicitly political organization dedicated to advancing a "pro-life, pro-family, pro-morality, and pro-American" agenda.
Jerry Falwell
Who was first African American man to run for president when he campaigned for the Democratic Party's nomination in 1984 and 1988?
Jesse Jackson
Responding to rioting students who had set fire to the school's ROTC building, Ohio National Guardsmen descended on the __________________ campus on May 4, 1970, to restore order. When confronted by students throwing rocks and debris, guardsmen panicked and opened fire, killing four students in the ensuing chaos.
Kent State
This Texas-based political party had a strong foundation for promoting Chicano nationalism and continuing the campaign for Mexican American civil right
La Raza Unida
All of the following distinguish millennials from earlier generations EXCEPT
Less likely to have traveled
What is the name of the prototypical suburban community built in 1946 in Long Island, New York? The developer purchased large acreage, subdividing lots, and contracting crews to build countless homes at economies of scale,
Levittown
The Montgomery Bus Boycott lasted from December 1955 until December 20, 1956, when the Supreme Court ordered their integration. The boycott not only crushed segregation in Montgomery's public transportation, it energized the entire civil rights movement and established the leadership of the MIA's president, a recently arrived, twenty-six-year-old Baptist minister named:
Martin Luther King Jr.
This civil rights leader was assassinated at his home in Jackson, Mississippi.
Medgar Evers
This group was founded in 1966 by prominent American feminists, including Betty Friedan, Shirley Chisolm, and others.
National Organization for Women
Why was the landmark election of 1960 the first of its kind?
Never before had the media played such a prominent role in politics.
Who was the corrupt leader of the Republic of Vietnam propped up by the American government with little domestic support? He was assassinated in 1963.
Ngo Dinh Diem
In April 1995, U.S. veteran Timothy McVeigh, who had become part of a militant antigovernment movement, killed 168 people when he blew up a van in front of a federal building in
Oklahoma City.
How did the United States respond to the independence movement in Vietnam?
Opposed Vietnamese independence and supported French attempts to retain its colonial control
Who was the leader of the movement to stop the Equal Rights Amendment?
Phylis Schlafly
Who was a conservative detractor that felt the Equal Rights Amendment threatened traditional gender roles and values?
Phyllis Schlafly
These types of jobs such as nursing, teaching, and secretarial work ensured that women remained in the workforce, although not in such great numbers as during World War II.
Pink Collar Jobs
This president created the Environmental Protection Agency, the first agency charged with studying, regulating, and disseminating knowledge about the environment.
President Richard Nixon
Her book Silent Spring warned readers, "We should no longer accept the counsel of those who tell us that we must fill our world with poisonous chemicals. We should look about and see what other course is open to us."
Rachel Carson
Who was the environmentalist and consumer advocate that entered the race for president as the Green Party candidate in the Election of 2000?
Ralph Nader
What was the intention of the War Powers Resolution?
Reduce the president's ability to wage war without congressional consent
Roe v. Wade, the court case that legalized abortion hinged on what legal idea?
Right of privacy
Perhaps one hundred thousand youth descended on San Francisco for the utopic promise of 1967's
Summer of Love
What is the demarcation line, or demilitarized zone (DMZ), created in Vietnam that existed from 1954 until 1975, when Vietnam was finally unified?
The 17th Parallel
Activists in this particular event sat at segregated lunch counters in an act of defiance, refusing to leave until being served and willing to be ridiculed, attacked, and arrested if they were not. This tactic drew resistance but forced the desegregation of Woolworth's department stores.
The 1960 Greensboro sit-ins
President Truman saw an expansion of Social Security benefits, a higher minimum wage, and urban development aimed at eliminating slums in a plan called:
The Fair Deal
President Lyndon Johnson's vision for America extended past the initiatives left behind by Kennedy. He introduced the idea of:
The Great Society
The wave of politicians, called New Democrats, advocated all of the following EXCEPT
The end of mass incarceration
Which of the following statements regarding the Iran Contra Affair are true?
The goal was the raise money to support the anti-Sandinista government in Nicaragua
Why was the federal government slow to respond to the AIDS crisis?
The issue disproportionately affected gay Americans, a marginalized group
How did Reagan's first budget immediately impact the national debt?
The national debt increased dramatically
In 1952, this NAACP lawyer argued on behalf of Linda Brown, a black girl barred from attending the all-white elementary school in her neighborhood in Topeka, Kansas.
Thurgood Marshall
On August 2, this United States ship reported incoming fire from North Vietnamese ships in the Gulf of Tonkin.
USS Maddox
The presidential election of 1984 convinced the Democratic Party that its future lied with what group?
Upwardly mobile professionals and suburbanites
An act that abolished voting discrimination in federal, state, and local elections.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Which Democratic challenger did Ronald Reagan face in the Election of 1984?
Walter Mondale
The key evidence in the determination of President Richard Nixon's guilt or innocence in the Watergate scandal was
audio tape recordings made of most conversations in the Oval Office.
By the end of their first year in office, Nixon and Kissinger had concluded that the most effective way to tip the military balance in South Vietnam's favor was to
destroy military bases in Cambodia and Laos.
Founded in 1968, the American Indian Movement (AIM)
focused on militant action.
The Voting Rights Act of 1965:
gave total control of all elections to the federal government, that blacks were given freedom to fully exercise their voting rights.
The so-called Pentagon Papers
revealed the government had misled the public regarding the progress of the war.
As president, Ronald Reagan
suceeded in making hispersonality a central feature of his presidency.
In April 1970, the antiwar movement was recharged by
the U.S. invasion of Cambodia.
In 1979, Iranians who took American hostages demanded, in return for their release,
the United States' return of the shah of Iran.
After a difficult battle, Clinton won approval of the North American Free Trade Agreement (or NAFTA), which eliminated most trade barriers among
the United States, Canada, and Mexico
Who first challenged segregation on buses?
Sarah Keys
After the House of Representatives impeached President Clinton, they sent the charges to the Senate where:
Senate Republicans fell far short of the two-thirds vote needed to remove Clinton from office.
In 1972, the Equal Rights Amendment
All of the answers are correct.
In 1972, two Washington Post reporters uncovered evidence linking the Watergate break-in to
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following phrases best describes "Reagan Democrats?"
Blue-collar voters who lost faith in the liberal creed
He became the most well-known figure of the Chicano movement, using nonviolent tactics to campaign for workers' rights in the grape fields of California.
Cesar Chavez
The churches most common in suburban America tended most frequently celebrated which of the following cultural values?
Economic individualism
Which of the following best describes the marketing techniques of early television executives?
Finding programming that would appeal to the widest possible audience
After years of enduring ______________ control and abuse, Ho Chi Minh, a respected Vietnamese citizen who was also a devoted communist, saw an opportunity to lay the foundation for an independent communist Vietnam.
French
This drug began its life as a drug used primarily in psychological research before trickling down into college campuses and out into society at large. The counterculture's notion that American stagnation could be remedied by a spiritual-psychedelic experience drew heavily from psychologists and sociologists.
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
A Nation of Islam (NOI) minister who had encouraged African Americans to pursue freedom, equality, and justice by "any means necessary."
Malcolm X
Advertisers in the 1960s innovated by beginning to emphasize which of the following traits as a means of selling products?
Rebellion and individuality
At the urging of this Secretary of Defense, Lyndon Johnson decided to strategically bomb the North, believing that the use of air power alone would be sufficient to defeat the Vietminh.
Robert McNamara
In this landmark case, the court decided that a woman and her doctor, not the state, possessed the right to decide the fate of a pregnancy.
Roe v. Wade
Who was the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court?
Sandra Day O'Connor
In many of the South's districts, especially rural ones, blacks were effectively disenfranchised by poll taxes, literacy tests, and physical intimidation put in place by the white majority. In response, this group organized voting efforts in Mississippi, notable for its relatively large black community and scant number of black voters.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
In the early 1980s, the country President Ronald Reagan describes as an "evil empire" was:
The Soviet Union
The 2000 presidential election was decided when
The Supreme Court ruled that the automatic recount had to cease immediately
Which of the following best describes the so-called Bush Doctrine?
The United States should act unilaterally and preemptively to fight terrorism
This concert in New York became shorthand for the new youth culture and its mixture of politics, protest, and personal fulfillment.
Woodstock
President Obama's main policy initiative to shore up the faltering economy was
a massive stimulus package.
The "supply-side" economic theory embraced by President Ronald Reagan called for
a reduction of personal and corporate taxes.
In 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, where he had traveled to assist in organizing:
a strike involving black sanitation workers.
In late 1995 and early 1996, the public largely blamed a budget impasse that shut down the federal government on
congressional Republicans.
The intent of President Richard Nixon's "Vietnamization" policy was to
have the South Vietnamese military do more of the fighting.
In 1979, the Carter administration responded to the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan by
imposing economic sanctions on the Soviet Union.
After the Gulf War, President George H. W. Bush's high popularity quickly faded because of his
inability to contain a worsening recession.
In 1972, Henry Kissinger announced that "peace is at hand"
right before the American presidential election.
Following charges that President Bill Clinton had a sexual relationship with a White House intern, his public approval rating
rose to record levels.
In 2015, the Supreme Court ruled in Obergefell v. Hodges
that prohibitions against same-sex marriage were unconstitutional.
The midterm elections of 1994 were a disaster for the Democrats, who lost the House of Representatives for the first time since 1952. Congressional Republicans, led by Georgia congressman Newt Gingrich and Texas congressman Dick Armey, offered a policy agenda they called:
the Contract with America
In 1974, former President Richard Nixon was pardoned by
the president.
In 1964, a dispute broke out at the University of California at Berkeley over
the rights of students to engage in free speech.
