U.S. History: Ch 11 Test
Which of the following was not a cause of World War I?
American isolationism
His assassination sparked World War I.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Armed only with a rifle and a revolver, he killed 25 Germans, silenced 35 enemy machines guns, and, with 6 other soldiers, captured 132 prisoners.
Alvin York
Having shot down at least 29 enemy planes, he was America's leading ace pilot in the war.
Captain Eddie Rickenbacker
In 1914, this alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.
Central Powers
It expressed the belief that colonial policies should consider the interests of colonized people as well as those of imperialist powers.
Fourteen Points
It stated that freedom of the seas should be maintained for all.
Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles
Woodrow Wilson was a key player in its creation.
Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles
He commanded the American Expeditionary Force (AEF).
General John J. Pershing
It called on Germany to demilitarize, pay war reparations, and return territory to France.
Treaty of Versailles
This contained a suggestion of an alliance between Mexico and Germany that deeply angered the American people.
Zimmermann note
In 1914, this alliance consisted of France, Great Britain, and Russia.
Allies
This long-term cause of the war encouraged competitiveness between nations and encouraged various ethnic groups to attempt to create nations of their own.
nationalism
It brought the United States into the League of Nations.
neither the Fourteen Points or the Treaty of Versailles
The policy that kept the United States out of the war for three years was called
neutrality.
These people opposed World War I because they perceived all wars as evil.
pacifists
These people opposed World War I because they saw it as an imperialist struggle.
socialists
What caused widespread starvation in Germany?
the British blockade
It included a war-guilt clause, forcing Germany alone to accept blame for the war.
the Treaty of Versailles
It was formed by leaders of the "Big Four" without any input from leaders of the smaller Allied powers or of the defeated nations.
the Treaty of Versailles
It was rejected by the Senate.
the Treaty of Versailles
It was voted on by the Senate.
the Treaty of Versailles
Which of the following nations suffered the fewest casualties?
the United States
American supporters of entry into the war could claim their country was fighting a moral war because
the United States joined the war only after Russia's oppressive monarchy was replaced.
The war might have involved only two nations, Austria-Hungary and Serbia, if not for
the alliance system.
Of the following, the most compelling reason for the United States to enter the war was
the outrage of American citizens over German submarine warfare.
The Treaty of Versailles overlooked the importance of
treating all nations justly, including the losers of a war.
Who rejected Wilson's "Fourteen Points" peace plan?
Allied leaders
How did the U.S. government expand its powers during World War I? What were the benefits and drawbacks of these actions? Do you believe it was necessary and/or fair for the government to do this during wartime? Think About: - government control over wartime production - war workers and the draft - laws involving free speech - whether a government should have the authority to take unusual actions during wartime
Government agencies such as the War Industries Board, the Railroad Administration, and the Fuel Administration controlled wartime production, pricing, and distribution. The National War Labor Board dealt with disputes between industry management and labor. Workers who refused to obey board decisions could lose their draft exemptions. The Espionage and Sedition Acts(1917 and 1918)allowed a citizen to be fined or imprisoned for speaking out against the government or the war effort. Benefits of these actions include streamlining war production and removing obstacles to the war effort. Drawbacks include rising costs for consumers as corporations reaped huge profits, the weakening of labor unions, and the violation of people's right to free speech. Students may argue that a government needs to have the authority to take extreme actions during wartime in order for the effort to be successful. Or, they may argue that the government has no right to expand its powers during wartime, especially when such actions threaten civil liberties.
What do you think people today can learn from the long-term results of the Treaty of Versailles? Think About: - harsh terms imposed on Germany, including demand for huge reparations - angry and vengeful feelings of the "Big Four" leaders who controlled the peace terms - exclusion of defeated Central Powers and smaller Allied nations from peace conference
It is unwise to be too harsh in imposing peace terms. A humiliated nation becomes angry and determined for revenge. If victors demand the impossible, they won't get it. If anger and vengeful feelings are allowed to control peace terms, the peace will not be a lasting one. All people or nations involved in an effort should be represented in the conclusion of that effort. An ally at one point in history may well not be an ally at a later point.
What reason did Senators give for opposing U.S. membership in the League of Nations?
It would drag the United States into European conflicts.
This British liner was sunk by a German U-boat.
Lusitania
Which of the following was a result of the Selective Service Act?
Men were required to register for military service.
Which of the following nations was not a member of the "Big Four"?
Russia
Where did the assassination that triggered World War I occur?
Sarajevo, Bosnia
Although American women served in the navy, marines, and Army Corps of Nurses, they were not subject to this.
Selective Service Act
This required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service.
Selective Service Act
What was the purpose of the Espionage and Sedition Acts passed by Congress in 1917 and 1918? Do you think these laws were a good idea at the time? Why or why not? Think About: - the importance of people's support and approval of their government's actions - ways in which wartime is different from peacetime - the First Amendment's guarantee of the right to free speech - whether criticizing one's government poses a threat to it
The purpose of the acts was to stifle dissent during the war and/or to protect the United States from disagreements that might weaken the war effort. Students who do not think the laws were a good idea could say that the First Amendment does not state "in time of peace" while making its guarantees of individual liberties, that criticism of government officials or actions does not constitute a real threat to the nation, that Justice Holmes's statements about truth and the safety it provides is accurate, and that violating the rights and liberties on which the nation was founded is far more dangerous than any threat posed by criticism. Students who think the laws were a good idea could say that wartime is unusual in that it requires a unified effort on the part of all citizens to achieve the same goal and that weakening the nation's commitment to the war effort presented a real danger to U.S. survival.
What lasting effects did the war have for African Americans and for women? Discuss what changes occurred and why they occurred. Also explain whether you think these changes would have happened if the United States had not entered World War I. Think About: - where most African Americans lived before the war - new job opportunities created by the war - the struggle for woman suffrage
The war contributed to the Great Migration, the movement of many African Americans from the South to the North. Causes of the Great Migration include racism in the South, poor farming conditions in the South, and new job opportunities in war industries in Northern cities. During the war, women took many jobs traditionally held by men, such as railroad workers, dockworkers, bricklayers, coal miners, and shipbuilders. More women also entered the workforce as nurses, clerks, and teachers. The need for greater production during wartime and the fact that many men were in the military created more opportunities for women. Women's service during the war bolstered support for the woman suffrage movement, and in 1919, Congress finally passed the Nineteenth Amendment. Students may argue that these changes would have happened eventually, but that the war made them happen more rapidly. Both the movement of African Americans to Northern cities and the movement for woman suffrage began before the war but were accelerated by it.
In what ways was World War I different from earlier wars in which the United States had been involved? Think About: - weapons used in the war - nations involved in the fighting - people who lost their lives in the war - where the fighting took place
The war involved new and more deadly weapons, such as submarines, the machine gun, poison gas, tanks, and airplanes. It was global, involving many more nations than had ever been at war before. European civilians died in greater numbers and in greater proportions than had been the case in other wars. The U.S. soldiers had to travel to Europe to fight.
Respond to the U.S. decision to enter the war, considering such issues as whether it should have entered earlier or not at all. Explain why you agree or disagree with the decisions that were made. Think About: - how the war would have been different if the United States had entered it earlier or not at all - whether isolationism makes sense when other democracies are threatened - whether the United States had a moral obligation to enter the war
a. The United States should have entered sooner, because doing so could have brought the war to an end much earlier and possibly prevented hundreds of thousands of deaths and millions of dollars of damage. Also, the Central Powers threatened democracies worldwide, and the United States should have realized that. b. The United States was right to enter when it did because that was the point at which it finally became clear that neutrality was no longer possible and that isolationism posed its own, more serious dangers. The United States had not caused the war and had no moral obligation to be involved in it. Earlier, there was still a chance that the Allies would be victorious without U.S. involvement. c. It was wrong for the United States to enter at all, at least before its own borders were invaded; the war was not necessary to protect America. Germany had suggested an alliance with Mexico, but one had not been formed. The war had begun in Europe and had been caused by Europeans; it should have been settled without Americans.
Which weapons of mechanized warfare were introduced in World War I?
airplanes and tanks
The Espionage and Sedition Acts affected freedom of speech because they
allowed the government to silence ideas that challenged its authority.
Because militarism had been a major cause of the war, the framers of the Treaty of Versailles
barred Germany from maintaining an army.
It called for a League of Nations.
both the Fourteen Points and Treaty of Versailles
This term describes a person who opposes warfare on moral grounds.
conscientious objector
Admiral William S. Sims convinced the British to use this as a hindrance to German U-boat attacks.
convoy system
This involved merchant vessels traveling in large groups with naval ships acting as guards.
convoy system
Labor leaders were targeted by the Espionage and Sedition Acts because they
demanded better conditions for workers, even during a war crisis.
What did the United States use to overcome the threat of German U-boats?
groups of guarded ships
Closely linked with industrialization, this long-term cause of the war involved a contest for colonies.
imperialism
Gains made by American women during World War I include
increased support for women's right to vote.
This began with the introduction of the tank and the airplane as weapons
mechanized warfare
This long-term cause of the war involved the development of the armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy.
militarism