US History Chapter 27
Which of the following was a result of the Hiss-Chambers case? Individuals who had dropped an atomic bomb were punished for war crimes. Senator Joseph McCarthy rose to national prominence. The Communist party in the United States and its leadership grew in strength. Alger Hiss was convicted of lying about espionage. Whittaker Chambers served a lengthy prison term.
Alger Hiss was convicted of lying about espionage.
Baseball was integrated in 1947 when Jackie Robinson played for the:
Brooklyn Dodgers
The United States experienced a shock in 1949 when Communists took over
China
The United States experienced a shock in 1949 when Communists took over:
China.
How has the public and historical perception of Truman's presidency evolved over time?
During Truman's presidency, many Americans blamed him for issues such as higher taxes and higher prices for consumers brought by the war, but years later, many have come to view him more positively, appreciating that he dealt with a complex set of problems.
By the spring of 1945, the United States and Britain were becoming deeply concerned over Soviet actions in
Eastern Europe
By the spring of 1945, the United States and Britain were becoming deeply concerned over Soviet actions in
Eastern Europe.
By the spring of 1945, the United States and Britain were becoming deeply concerned over Soviet actions in:
Eastern Europe.
Inch'on was the site where Chinese forces overran UN positions, coming out ahead. UN forces were able to establish a perimeter in far-south South Korea. it became clear that Korea would unite as a Communist country. General MacArthur turned the Korean War around with an amphibious landing. peace negotiations dragged on for two years following the Korean War.
General MacArthur turned the Korean War around with an amphibious landing.
The secretary of state who devised the plan of massive economic recovery aid to Europe was
George Marshall
The secretary of state who devised the plan of massive economic recovery aid to Europe was:
George Marshall.
As a result of the Truman Doctrine
Greece and Turkey were less vulnerable to communism
Why did President Truman veto the McCarran Internal Security Act?
He felt it promoted thought control.
Which of the following statements describes the role State Department official George Kennan played in the onset of the cold war?
He recommended that the United States contain Soviet expansionist tendencies through efforts to undermine the appeal of Soviet communism.
What is significant about the way Truman got the United States involved in the Korean War?
He was able to do it without a congressional declaration, bypassing a constitutional provision.
What is significant about the way Truman got the United States involved in the Korean War? He was able to build bipartisan support on an unprecedented level. He used his stunning upset victory in 1948 and public opinion to strong-arm Congress. He was able to do it without a congressional declaration, bypassing a constitutional provision. He opposed intervention but got involved because public opinion demanded it. He supported the war even though it was completely contrary to the Truman Doctrine.
He was able to do it without a congressional declaration, bypassing a constitutional provision.
Which of the following is true of the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947?
It allowed the president to impose a "cooling-off" period during major strikes.
As a result of the global burdens the United States assumed after the Second World War, how did the federal government change?
It became larger, more powerful, and more secretive, in part due to the actions of both major political parties and the lobbying efforts of the military-industrial complex.
What was the role of the Truman Doctrine?
It committed the United States to help "free peoples" facing pressure from communism.
What was the role of the GI Bill?
It provided loans to veterans for education, job training, and the building of homes and businesses.
What was the role of the GI Bill? It provided loans to veterans for education, job training, and the building of homes and businesses. It protected American servicemen from abuse by their officers by laying out their rights under the law. It desegregated the armed forces to honor the brave service of many African American veterans. It paid veterans from the Second World War large bonuses to remain in the military for the cold war. It was legislation passed by Congress meant to increase funding for the military to unprecedented levels.
It provided loans to veterans for education, job training, and the building of homes and businesses.
What is one way the Chinese civil war proved significant for the cold war?
It resulted in the victory of Communists over Chinese Nationalists, and the Communists would go on to intervene in the Korean War to aid their North Korean allies.
What is one way the Chinese civil war proved significant for the cold war? It reassured Truman that the scope of the cold war was diminishing because communism had not proved a major issue between the fighting Chinese factions. It led the U.S. military to intervene immediately and demonstrated the strong support Americans showed early on for such a massive intervention. It resulted in the victory of Communists over Chinese Nationalists, and the Communists would go on to intervene in the Korean War to aid their North Korean allies. It ended with the Chinese Nationalists' victory over the Communists because of their detonation of the first atomic weapons since the Second World War. It led to an alliance between the U.S. government and the Communist Chinese government, for their version of communism was much different than the Soviet Union's.
It resulted in the victory of Communists over Chinese Nationalists, and the Communists would go on to intervene in the Korean War to aid their North Korean allies.
What was the role of the Marshall Plan?
It was an international economic recovery program that also sought to reduce socialist influence in Europe and reestablish a strong Western Europe rooted in American values.
All of the following were original NATO members EXCEPT
Japan
Which of the following occurred in Asia with the end of the Second World War?
Korea became divided into northern and southern halves, with the Soviets organizing a Communist government in the north and the Americans then helping to establish a democratic government in the south.
Which of the following is true of Truman's Fair Deal proposals by and large?
Most of them were simply extensions or enlargements of New Deal programs, and a bipartisan conservative coalition in Congress successfully stopped their passage.
Authored by Paul Nitze, ________ endorsed a massive militarized version of containment that guided American foreign policy for decades.
NSC-68
Which of the following reorganized the American defense and intelligence establishment in 1947, creating the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Department of Defense, National Security Council and Central Intelligence Agency?
National Security Act
In response to Truman's actions and policies up to that point, the 1946 congressional elections resulted in
Republican control of Congress.
In response to Truman's actions and policies up to that point, the 1946 congressional elections resulted in Republican control of Congress. the end of the New Deal. a public vote of confidence in Truman. a decline in partisan divisions. a decline in labor unions.
Republican control of Congress.
An impact of the Korean War was that Truman authorized increased assistance for French troops fighting a Communist independence movement in a French colony in ________, beginning U.S. military involvement there.
Southeast Asia
When North Korea attacked South Korea, Truman concluded that:
Stalin and the Soviets were behind it.
The conventional, or "orthodox" view of cold war history holds whom or what most responsible for beginning this conflict?
Stalin's quest for world domination
Which of the following statements is true in regard to Israel's founding in 1948?
The United States became the first country to recognize the Jewish state.
Why was the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) significant to American foreign policy?
The commitment to NATO as a mutual defense alliance against the Soviet Union marked an end to isolationism in the United States.
What was the stance of the Dixiecrats in the 1948 campaign?
They supported states' rights and racial segregation.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the political climate as the 1948 election approached?
Truman had not yet successfully cast away the widespread impression that he was not up to the role of president, and most political analysts assumed he would lose the next election.
As the 1948 election approached:
Truman seemed to be in deep political trouble.
The 1948 election is probably best remembered for
Truman's upset victory
What were among the main U.S. foreign policy concerns following the Second World War and why?
With the elimination of German Nazism, the United States and the Soviet Union no longer seemed to share a united goal; the power vacuums in Europe and Asia due to the defeat of the Germans and Japanese left the Americans and Soviets competing for global influence.
UN forces reaching the Yalu River brought about
a massive Chinese intervention
UN forces reaching the Yalu River brought about:
a massive Chinese intervention
During the 1948 presidential campaign, Truman endorsed all of the following EXCEPT:
abolishing Social Security
During the 1948 presidential campaign, Truman endorsed all of the following EXCEPT:
abolishing Social Security.
At the 1948 Democratic convention, Minneapolis mayor and liberal Hubert Humphrey urged his party to deny Truman renomination. take better care of veterans. adopt a strong civil rights plank. get tougher on the Russians. make him the vice-presidential nominee.
adopt a strong civil rights plank.
Drawing on the assumptions of the "domino theory," Truman believed the Soviet and Communist activities in Greece would
allow for the fall of the other nations in eastern Mediterranean, followed by those in Western Europe, if unchecked.
Drawing on the assumptions of the "domino theory," Truman believed the Soviet and Communist activities in Greece would provoke an immediate war with the Americans and the British that would escalate into the third world war. help them gain the rich natural resources of the Mediterranean countries and, thus, limit the claim European countries had. be merely a game to test the strength of their diplomatic strategies and would not actually pose a threat to the United States. allow for the fall of the other nations in eastern Mediterranean, followed by those in Western Europe, if unchecked. free those countries from dictatorships and, thus, would ultimately prove beneficial to the United States.
allow for the fall of the other nations in eastern Mediterranean, followed by those in Western Europe, if unchecked.
The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947
allowed the president to impose a "cooling-off" period during major strikes
The Berlin airlift saw the aerial evacuation of American personnel from Berlin after the Soviets blockaded the city. an open window an iron curtain a malleable screen a concrete ship a blast furnace
an iron curtain
To what did Winston Churchill compare the boundary between Soviet-occupied Eastern Europe and Western Europe?
an iron curtain
With the end of World War II, Korea
became divided into northern and southern halves
In regard to Israel's founding in 1948, the United States
became the first country to recognize the Jewish state
The Korean War did all of the following EXCEPT
bring about major changes in boundaries
Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council
can veto any major proposal
One of Truman's greatest strengths as he assumed the presidency was his
confidence and self-assuredness
On the domestic front, President Truman soon made clear his intention to
enlarge the New Deal.
On the domestic front, President Truman soon made clear his intentions to
enlarge the new deal
On the domestic front, President Truman soon made clear his intention to:
expand the New Deal.
Senator McCarthy was very effective in:
exploiting public fears
Senator McCarthy was very effective in
exploiting public fears.
Senator McCarthy was very effective in passing major legislation. nabbing actual Communists. gathering proof to back his accusations. protecting American freedoms. exploiting public fears.
exploiting public fears.
Truman fired MacArthur
for insubordination
Why did Truman fire General MacArthur?
for insubordination
Soviet and Communist activities in regard to Turkey and Greece were intended to
gain the Soviets access to the Mediterranean
One of Truman's strengths as he assumed the presidency was his
genuine demeanor and ability to arise above his limitations.
All of the following are true of Harry Truman EXCEPT that he
had an Ivy League education
A major economic problem President Truman faced immediately after the war was
high rates of inflation
Which of the following was a major economic problem that President Truman faced immediately after the war? the weakness of organized labor declining birthrates that lowered consumer demand high rates of inflation the return of high unemployment food shortages
high rates of inflation
Which of the following appears to have led to the cold war in retrospect?
ideological competition between democratic capitalism and totalitarian communism and their opposing views of what the postwar world should become
In retrospect, the Cold War was probably
inevitable
In the 1948 campaign, the Dixiecrats did all of the following EXCEPT
influence Truman to slow down on civil rights
During the 1948 campaign, the Dixiecrats did all of the following EXCEPT:
influence Truman to slow down on civil rights.
Truman's response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 was to:
launch a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin
Truman's response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 was to
launch a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin.
Truman viewed his victory as a mandate for:
moderate liberalism
The Soviet acquisition of the atomic bomb in 1949 inspired Truman to
order the development of a hydrogen bomb.
The Soviet acquisition of the atomic bomb in 1949 inspired Truman to arrange a summit conference with Stalin. order the resumption of the military draft. order the development of a hydrogen bomb. declare the foolishness of the nuclear arms race. arm American submarines with nuclear missiles.
order the development of a hydrogen bomb.
The Soviet acquisition of the atomic bomb in 1949 inspired Truman to:
order the development of a hydrogen bomb.
The Soviet acquisition of the atomic bomb in 1949 inspired Truman to
order the development of the hydrogen bomb
The GI Bill did all of the following EXCEPT
pay veterans large bonuses to remain in the military
In the Truman years, the United States abandoned a longtime tradition with its involvement in
peacetime alliances
The Yalta pledges of democratic elections in Eastern Europe:
proved to be meaningless.
One major reason that the Second World War inspired postwar changes in race relations in the United States was the
racist nature of opponents of the United States, such as the Nazis, during the war.
One major reason that the Second World War inspired postwar changes in race relations in the United States was the lack of an impact it had on the Great Depression. racist nature of opponents of the United States, such as the Nazis, during the war. number of northerners it inspired to move to the South. lessons in equality American soldiers learned from fighting with European soldiers. greater number of people receiving higher education.
racist nature of opponents of the United States, such as the Nazis, during the war.
One major reason that World War II inspired postwar changes in race relations was the
racist nature of the enemies of the United States
State Department official George Kennan
said the United States should contain Soviet expansionist tendencies
State Department official George Kennan:
said the United States should contain Soviet expansionist tendencies.
Truman viewed the results of the 1948 election as a mandate for
social welfare programs.
Truman viewed the results of the 1948 election as a mandate for socialism. bipartisanship. the status quo. social welfare programs. staunch conservatism.
social welfare programs.
When confronted with strikes in the coal and railroad industries in 1946, President Truman's response was to
temporarily seize those industries
When North Korea attacked South Korea, Truman concluded:
that Stalin and the Soviets were behind it
All of the following were established by the National Security Act of 1947 EXCEPT
the Department of Homeland Security
All of the following were established by the National Security Act of 1947 EXCEPT:
the Office of Homeland Security.
When North Korean Communists invaded South Korea:
the United Nations authorized military intervention against the aggressors
When North Korean Communists invaded South Korea:
the United Nations authorized military intervention against the aggressors.
All of the following countries were physically devastated during World War II EXCEPT:
the United States.
In 1947, President Truman took actions to banish Communists from ________ by issuing an executive order known as the Loyalty Order.
the federal government
In 1947, President Truman took actions to banish Communists from ________ by issuing an executive order known as the Loyalty Order. teaching the federal government the military Hollywood unions
the federal government
In 1948, President Truman desegregated
the military
In 1948, President Truman desegregated:
the military.
When confronted with a railroad strike in 1946, President Truman's response was to:
threaten to draft the strikers.
The Yalta pledges of democratic elections in Eastern Europe were
violated by the Soviet Union.
Inch'on was the site:
where General MacArthur turned the war around with a surprise landing.
