US History Chapter 4 Test

Thomas Bray

sent to Maryland in 1700 by English church leaders; spent 6 months in America; SPCK provided Christian literature for missionary work and established 40 libraries; SPG secured ministers for colonies; evangelized blacks

James Blair

sent to Virginia in 1685 by English church leaders; attempted to secure better qualified ministers for colony by helping to found and serve as president of William and Mary College

Baptists

suffered persecution from colonial authorities, particularly in Massachusetts and Virginia; largest numbers were in Pennsylvania; emphasized baptism; believe only regenerate should be church members

catechism

summary of a denomination's doctrine framed in a question-and-answer form

Anabaptists

arose during Reformation in protest of what they considered incomplete reforms of other Protestants; refused to have anything to do with state; stressed importance of holy, simple life; established farms and towns in Pennsylvania

episcopal polity

authority such as a monarch appoints bishops, and the bishops in turn appoint lower officials down to the individual churches

Salem witch trials

resulted from claims of several young girls in Massachusetts that they were being afflicted by witches; authorities tried those accused; ended by opposition of some clergy

Robert Hunt

Anglican minister; served as chaplain in Virginia; preached weekly to settlers; visited and served many sick

Huguenots

French Reformed; settled throughout colonies, especially after French king Louis XIV took away their freedom of worship in 1685; many eventually became Presbyterians

Congregationalists

Puritans in America came to be called simply __

Elizabethan Settlement

Queen Elizabeth wanted Protestant church; hoped to win over reluctant by preserving outward trappings of old church-bishops, garments, etc.; four groups emerged: Puritans, Low church Anglicans, High church Anglicans, and Separatists

Quakers

Society of Friends; originated with Englishman George Fox who claimed to believe in guidance by "Inner Light"; opposed participating in war, taking oaths, or holding political office; arrested and deported by Puritans; center was Pennsylvania

John Campanius

Swedish Lutheran; worked among Delaware Indians; tools were his translation of Luther's catechism into Delaware language, one of first Christian works translated into Indian tongue

John Eliot

became concerned about Algonquin Indian while pastoring in New England; learned their language and began to preach to them; translated entire Bible into Algonquin tongue; 4000 converted

church buildings

built near center of town; resemble barns; served as hall for public meetings; pews, pulpits, balconies

Anglicanism

came to colonies in 1607 with settlers at Jamestown; became second most widespread religious force in 17th century America; churches existed in every colony; constantly suffered from shortage of pastors

Dutch Reformed

came to the New World with settling of New Amsterdam; often more interested in wealth than in piety

sermon

centerpiece of church service

Half-Way Covenant

church members who had not owned the covenant, but whose lives were outwardly moral, could present children for baptism; allowed unconverted members to enjoy full privileges of citizenship; couldn't become full members until professed personal faith in Christ

George Fox

claimed to believe in guidance by "Inner Light"; Quakers originated with him

David Brainerd

close friend of Jonathan Edwards; conducted brief work among Indians; Journal inspired many other young men to enter mission work

Maryland

colony established as haven for Catholics

David Zaisberger

directed most successful Moravian mission called Gnadenhutten ("sheltered by grace"); pro-French Indians attacked it during F&I War

Polity

refers to system of government in a church

congregational polity

each congregation elects its own officers; each church remained independent of other church; person joined church upon profession of salvation and children were baptized as infants but could not become members until "owned covenant"

Separatists

emerged from Elizabethan Settlement; believed whole Church of England was corrupt and that true Christians must separate from it; included Pilgrims, Baptists, and Quakers

Puritans

emerged from Elizabethan Settlement; staunch Protestants; agreed wholeheartedly with Anglican creed; thought Anglican church must be purified of old ceremonies and practices

Pietism

emphasized importance of conversion and necessity of a holy life; tended to downplay doctrine

Henry Muhlenberg

father of American Lutheranism; preached and prayed throughout Middle and Southern colonies; able to bring about closer cooperation among German, Swedish, and Dutch Lutherans

Francis Makemie

father of American Presbyterianism; established numerous churches; helped found first prebytery (association of Presbyterian churches) in America; persuaded colonial courts to recognize Act of Toleration applied equally to colonies

Mennonites

followers of Dutch teacher Menno Simons; most important Anabaptist group numberically

Lutherans

followers of great German reformer Martin Luther; came to America in trickles; Swedish and Dutch; most were German; suffered from disorganization

Roger Williams

founded Rhode Island; sought to create purer church than New England; founded Baptist church in America

Eleazer Wheelock

founded school in 1754 for training Indians as missionaries to own people; school was later opened to white becoming Dartmouth

idea of the covenant

heart of Puritan theology; God deals with mankind through a series of agreements

Presbyterians

last major English Separatist group to come to America; similar to Congregationalists but practiced presbyterian polity; father was Francis Makemie

presbyterian polity

members of congregation elect their ruling elders; elders from several congregations then elect officials for the next level of authority, these officials elect the next higher level, etc.

Amish

more conservative branch of the Mennonites; practice a stricter church discipline

German Reformed

most important of Reformed bodies in colonial history; concentrated in Pennsylvania; preserved identity

New England Puritanism

most influential religious movement in colonial history

Bay Psalm Book

published in 1640 by Puritans; book of hymns; first book published in America