U.S. History (Chp. 17-18)
Native American civil-rights group who advocated a more combative style in its protests such as occupying the federal prison on Alcatraz Island.
AIM
Author of The Feminine Mystique; also started NOW.
Betty Friedan
What was part of the reason that Nixon's Supreme Court nominations of Clement Haynsworth and G. Harrold Carswell failed to win Senate confirmation?
Both men had previously supported segregation.
Passed in 1963, it outlawed paying men more than women for the same job.
Equal Pay Act
Although President Nixon began the process of opening up U.S. contact with mainland China, he was not willing to allow the mainland government to replace Taiwan in the United Nations and on the Security Council.
False
Gerald Ford's compassionate pardon of Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal improved Ford's standing in public opinion polls.
False
Henry Kissinger convinced Richard Nixon to take a bipolar vision of the world in which the United States stood essentially alone against communism everywhere it surfaced.
False
In his campaign for president, Jimmy Carter emphasized that he was a Washington "insider" who could be more effective with Congress than President Ford had been.
False
Jimmy Carter's most politically damaging defeat in Congress was the Senate's refusal to ratify the controversial Panama Canal Treaty.
False
The Americans being held hostage in Iran were captured in a failed CIA attempt to overthrow the government of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
False
The Equal Right Amendment (ERA) became part of the U.S. Constitution in 1972 when Georgia became the thirty-eighth state to ratify it.
False
The Nixon administration faced the problem of dealing with the inflationary pressures caused by an ever-increasing proportion of the American work force being employed in high-paid, skilled jobs in manufacturing.
False
The avowed goal of the American Indian movement was to break down tribal allegiance and encourage Native Americans to assimilate into the mainstream of middle-class values.
False
The counterculture movement and the "hippies" of the 1960s had virtually no effect on the overt behavior of broader society.
False
The outpouring of patriotism that accompanied the invasion of Cambodia by U.S. troops in 1970 temporarily quieted the anti-Vietnam War protest movement.
False
Why did both Democrats and Republicans support Ford's nomination for Vice President?
Ford had a reputation for both integrity and dependability.
Which of the following people became Vice President because of Section 2 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment?
Gerald Ford
Which president created the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in 1974?
Gerald Ford
How did César Chávez win support for agricultural workers in California?
He organized a boycott of grapes from California.
Nixon's special assistant for national security affairs; later became his NSA.
Henry Kissinger
Which of the following accurately describes the 1976 presidential election?
Jimmy Carter won the electoral college by more than 50 votes.
Counsel to the president who testified against Nixon in the Watergate hearings.
John Dean
Richard Nixon meets with key aides in the Oval Office, among them H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman—both of whom later went to prison for obstruction of justice in the Watergate matter. While Haldeman and Ehrlichman fell on their swords for Nixon when asked, the White House counsel did not and instead reported Nixon's misdeeds to the Ervin committee. Who was he?
John Dean
The Chicano movement focused on _________.
Mexican Americans
Which of the following did NOT influence the youth movement of the 1960s?
Most youth could not afford college, and so they turned to alternative lifestyles.
Organization founded to create greater education and career opportunites for women; pushed for equal pay for equal work.
National Organization for Women
President Nixon's program to begin reversing federal power back to the states, to scale back welfare programs, and giving more revenue to the states.
New Federalism
Vice President Gerald Ford became President when _________.
Nixon resigned
An Arab conglomerate of countries who control the majority of the world's oil supplies.
OPEC
Outspoken opponent to the Equal Rights Amendment bacause of fears that traditional values and roles for women would be lost.
Phyllis Schlafly
Which president was forced to resign due to the Watergate scandal?
Richard Nixon
Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union signed in 1969 to restrict the number of certain types of nuclear missiles in their arsenals.
SALT I
North Carolina Senator who established the Senate's Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities for the express purpose of examining Watergate evidence.
Sam J. Ervin
The Beatles, shown on the cover of their album ______ , influenced fashion with their long hair and psychedelic clothing.
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
Which of the following took place during Nixon's presidency?
Spending on programs such as Medicare and public housing grew.
What event marks the unofficial beginning of the environmental movement?
The first celebration of Earth Day in 1970
The nuclear power plant which had an accidental partial core meltdown in 1979, causing much concern about the safety of this type of power.
Three Mile Island
According to President Nixon, the "Christmas bombings" of 1972 forced the North Vietnamese to agree to a cease-fire.
True
Betty Friedan's 1963 book The Feminine Mystique helped launch the women's liberation movement by showing that many college-educated women were frustrated by their limited opportunities.
True
Jimmy Carter cancelled U.S. participation in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
True
Jimmy Carter pledged that a major focus of his foreign policy would be the defense of "human rights."
True
President Nixon's policy of "Vietnamization" involved an effort to get the South Vietnamese military to take an increasingly large portion of the burden of combat so that the United States could reduce its ground forces involved in the war.
True
The Department of Defense documents released in the so-called Pentagon Papers revealed that the U.S. government had been less than fully honest in reporting to the American people about the military progress of the war.
True
The New Left movement drew strength from the civil rights and anti-Vietnam War mood of many Americans.
True
The Roe v. Wade decision of the U.S. Supreme Court used the "right to privacy" as the basis for ruling that states could not ban all abortions.
True
Using the justification of protecting "national security," President Nixon fostered an attitude in the members of his administration that led to efforts to stifle dissent and undermine political opposition.
True
Which defines the original goals of the counterculture?
Utopianism
Nixon's policy that called for South Vietnam to take a more active role in fighting trhe ar for Americans to become less involved.
Vietnamization
With its upfront political content, transcendent spiritual message, and imagery of doves, this anti-war poster shares much in common with the aesthetic of __________.
Woodstock
Which of the following was a factor in people's disillusionment with the counterculture?
a rise in drugs addictions and deaths from drug overdoses
The Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade concerned what issue?
abortion
What issue was at the center of the nation's economic problems during Carter's presidency?
an ongoing energy crisis
By 1979, 35 out of the 38 states necessary had voted to _________.
approve the Equal Rights Amendment
When did Israel and Egypt become enemies?
at the time Israel was founded in 1948
Changes in American society during the 1970s caused politicians to ________.
begin courting the Spanish-speaking vote
Nixon believed that the American people wanted the federal government to ___________.
collect revenue from states to fund social programs
When Nixon turned over his taped Oval Office conversations to investigators, _________.
crucial parts of the conversations were missing
What was AIM originally created to do?
help Native Americans living in urban areas
All of the following contributed to the economic troubles of the 1970s EXCEPT __________.
high employment
The Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1965 made _________.
immigration easier
The botched 1972 burglary of the Democratic Party headquarters _________.
led to charges that Nixon administration officials had been involved
Native American protests aimed to end the government policy of ________.
moving Native Americans off reservations
As President, Jimmy Carter ________.
portrayed himself as a citizens' President.
One of the women's movement's most notable achievements was the passage of Title IX, which __________.
prohibited gender-based discrimination in federally funded schools
After Ford's pardon of Nixon, _________.
public support for Ford plummeted.
In a final effort to avoid turning over tapes of conversations to Watergate investigators, Richard Nixon __________.
released edited transcripts of the tapes
After Watergate Congress enacted the Ethics in Government Act, which __________.
required financial disclosures by high government officials in all three branches of government
What did Ford do in order to maintain Nixon's foreign policy?
retained Henry Kissinger as Secretary of State
The Iran hostage crisis changed Americans' views because they began to _________.
see Middle Eastern conflicts as a great threat to the nation
Feminists believed the 1973 Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade represented their most important legal victory because it assured women the right to ________.
seek safe, legal abortions
Love Canal, Bowers Landfill, and Three Mile Island were ________.
sights of environmental hazards
What is a commune?
small community in which people share resources and have common interests
In his foreign policy, President Carter put a strong emphasis on _________.
supporting human rights
Which legislative action established emissions standards in factories and automobiles?
the Clean Air Act
What was the agenda of the Hispanic American political party La Raza Unida?
to lobby for healthcare and economic development for Hispanics
What was the platform of the American Indian Movement?
to win higher wages and improved working conditions for Native Americans
Nixon criticized court-ordered busing of school children because he _________.
wanted to win the political support of busing opponents in the South
Congress passed the Equal Pay Act of 1973 to require equal pay for ________.
women workers
In this photograph, an American B-52 bomber takes off from the Marianas Islands to bomb targets in Vietnam. Into which nation did Richard Nixon extend the American bombing campaign in 1970, much to the dismay of the student antiwar movement?
Cambodia
Although he entered office in a wave of optimism, Jimmy Carter's one term would be marked by many disappointments. Which of the following events probably did not play a role in his defeat in the election of 1980?
Camp David Accords
Historic peace treaty in 1978 between Israel and Egypt; initiated by President Carter.
Camp David Accords
Hispanic U.S. leader who organized farm labor into the United Farm Workers so that migrant workers could receive union recognition, increased wages, and better benefits.
Cesar Chavez
President Nixon was the first American president to visit __________.
China
What event caused the United States to intervene in conflict in Southeast Asia during Ford's presidency?
The Khmer Rouge's capture of an American merchant ship
How did the accident at Three Mile Island affect the nuclear industry?
The U.S. government temporarily banned construction of new plants.
Businesses argue that environmental protection laws ________.
divert funds and hurt businesses
President Nixon's use of __________ shaped a new approach to foreign policy.
détente
Gloria Steinem used the title Ms. for her magazine because it ________.
emphasizes the individual
Goals of the women's movement included ________.
equal pay and equal opportunity
The 1964 Civil Rights Act made which of the following illegal?
excluding women from jobs based on gender
The environmental movement primarily acted on the ________ level.
federal
The belief that men and women should be equal politically, economically, and socially is the main argument of ________.
feminism
Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring is responsible for _________.
focusing attention on the environmental and health impact of pesticides
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbids discrimination based on ________.
gender
Popular stereotypes of women after World War II portrayed women as _________.
happy, suburban housewives
Who did President Nixon hold responsible for improving the quality of life for Native Americans?
the federal government and Native Americans
Immigration to the United States increased after World War II because __________.
the population of Mexico and other Latin American countries grew and they didn't have enough work
In the end, Richard Nixon escaped impeachment and conviction for the Watergate affair by becoming the first President in American History to resign from the office. What was the "smoking gun" that ensured Nixon's fate?
the tape of Nixon stopping the FBI investigation into Watergate
What was the purpose of President Nixon's New Federalism?
to give more control to state and local governments