US HISTORY FINAL EXAM
The American Navy, led there by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, was able to prepare for this attack and subsequently demolished the attacking Japanese, destroying all four carriers, a cruiser, and over 250 aircraft.
Battle of Midway
Britain and France let Hitler have the Sudetenland (without asking Czechoslovakia) even though France was bound by a treaty to defend it. What did Daladier and Chamberlain believe this would do?
Daladier and Chamberlain believed they had successfully appeased Hitler and that there would be no more war.
When did the USA deliver the declaration of war on Japan?
December 8
The French troops in the north retreated to the coastal city of ______. There, over a 9 day period, a miraculous rescue took place. While some troops worked to slow the advancing German troops, others assembled a retreat of a makeshift fleet of small crafts.
Dunkirk
The supreme commander of the Allied forces in Europe who planned and executed the D-Day invasion was-
Dwight D. Eisenhower.
"We must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists, and will persist."
Dwight Eisenhower.
He began by saying "This- is London." He ended his reports with "Good night and good luck." The statement above describes-
Edward R. Murrow.
During the invasion of the Soviet Union, Hitler created mobile killing squads, ___________, in order to round up undesirables (like Communists, Jews, etc.) and shoot them into freshly dug pits.
Einsatzgruppen
Where was the Truman Doctrine first applied?
Greece
Which of the following gave President Lyndon Johnson unprecedented power in the Vietnam War?
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
The United States and Japan signed their first real commercial treaty, named the __________after U.S. consul Townsend Harris, in 1858.
Harris Treaty
Japanese forces occupied Beijing and Tianjin.
In 1937, Japan continued its invasion of China
In 1945, the Japanese Americans were allowed to leave the camps; most went home to nothing that they had owned before. In 1988, Congress awarded each surviving internee $20,000 and formally issued an apology.
Korematsu vs. the United States (1944)
what city fell under German occupation in 1939?
Krakow
Congress passed the ______in March 1941, giving President Roosevelt permission to aid any nation whose defense was believed to be important to American national security.Roosevelt sent aid to Britain.
Land-Lease Act
. As a result of these feelings of uncertainty, the United States government decided to authorize the military to remove "aliens" from military zones on the west coast. They set up the move all people of Japanese ancestry to internment (concentration) camps in remote areas far from the coast.
War Relocation Authority
The federal government's main reasons for passing the Federal Highway Act of 1956 include-
creating an effective network of roads for the armed forces in case of a Cold War attack.
All of the following encouraged many Americans to move to the suburbs except-
development of fuel-efficient automobiles.
A popular topic of 1950s literature is-
dissent
Immediately after World War II, Germany was-
divided into occupation zones.
Trends of the 1950s Expansion of the middle class Development of the interstate highway system Growth of suburbs
economic prosperity following World War II.
A major goal of President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society was to-
end poverty in the United States.
In 1943, under the command of General George S Patton, the U.S. Seventh Army and British forces invaded the Italian island of Sicily. This caused Italians to _________________. +
lose faith in the leadership of Mussolini
The Nazis used poison gas, specifically a pesticide called Zyklon B, through specially designed chambers disguised as shower rooms. While concentration camps were designed for forced labor, these death camps, six in Poland of which Auschwitz was the largest, were created for the purpose of ____________.
mass murder.
What happened to the Jews who were sent to concentration camps such as Auschwitz? What were conditions there like?
They were harshly worked, underfed and kept in crowded unheated barracks on wooden pallets. Those that did not die from overwork or starvation, died from torture or medical experiments. As many as 12,000 people could be killed a day by gassing and cremating, and at Auschwitz, as many as 1.5 million people, mostly Jewish, died.
Which of the following best describes the situation of women in World War II?
They worked in factories.
What did the doctrine of Containment mean for Eastern Europe during the Cold War?
Thge U.S would not try to liberate Eastern Europe.
Butter Gasoline Meat What would be the best title for the above list?
Things that were rationed in World War II
The German strategy was called the _____ and included a massive quick strike at the French and Belgian border which would destroy the Maginot Line. It succeeded in 1940.
Von Schlieffen Plan
How did the ordinary Americans at home help support the war effort financially?
They bought war bonds.
In 1942, at the ______ near Berlin, Nazi leaders agreed to create death camps in Poland in order to systematically wipe out the entire Jewish ethnic group.
Wannsee Conference
The that board directed the transformation of peacetime industries into industries that could produce wartime goods was called the -
War Production Board.
In 1944, Hitler launched a counterattack in the wooded Ardennes region of Belgium and Luxembourg, smashing into the U.S. First Army, forming a bulge in the Allied Line. The fighting after this became known as _________.
the Battle of the Bulge.
West Berlin was deep inside of East Germany Thousands of Germans went to West Berlin to escape Communist control The Soviets responded by creating a blockade on Berlin What was the U.S. response to the above situations?
the Berlin airlift
In the late 1940s the United states tested atomic bombs in -
the Bikini Islands.
proxy wars opposing ideologies the Iron Curtain The list above describes which of the following?
the Cold War
After the battle of Stalingrad, Soviet leaders came to believe that-
the Germans could be defeated.
On June 22, 1941, 3.6 million Axis soldiers advanced on the Soviet Union through Finland and Romania. 3 million Soviet Red Army soldiers prepared to defend their homeland. During this blitzkrieg, the Luftwaffe gained control of the air and citizens of the Soviet Union welcomed the Germans at first but quickly learned that___________.
the Germans intended to force them into labor and were willing to execute those that did not cooperate.
What was the United Nations intended to replace?
the League of Nations
The secret code word or phrase for the U.S. development of the atomic bomb was -
the Manhattan Project.
"It is logical that the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace. Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos." The quotation above, from 1947, is describing which policy initiative?
the Marshall Plan
Operation Overlord, the largest amphibious landing ever, was -
the Normandy invasion plan.
.After World War II, population distribution in the U.S. followed a pattern of movement from-
the North to the Sunbelt.
An important U.S. leader in the Italian campaign was General-
Patton.
On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded ______.
Poland
Hitler demanded that Czechoslovakia give up __________ for German "living space."
Sudetenland
officially known as the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, was a gathering of delegates from 44 nations that met from July 1 to 22, 1944 in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to agree upon a series of new rules for the post-WWII international monetary system. The two major accomplishments of the conference were the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).
The Bretton Woods Conference
was established and led blacks to use non-violent techniques to end racism. They organized sit-ins, where everyone would stay seated until all people were served, regardless of their color. These efforts led the way for the civil rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s.
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
If North Korea were not defeated, South Korea would fall to Communism If North Vietnam were not defeated, all of Indochina would fall to Communism What do the two statements above describe?
The Domino Theory
Why was the Cold War so called?
The U.S. and Soviet Union never went to war.
What was the reaction in the United States to the Bolshevik takeover of the Russian Empire in 1917?
The United States sent troops to fight them.
What made the Pacific Theater in World War II particularly challenging?
The fighting was on many islands.
George C. Marshall.
The head of allied forces in World War II; proposed economic aid to to rebuild Western Europe -> Marshall Plan
What was the turning point of reversing the Neutrality Acts?
The invasion of Poland was a turning point, as Roosevelt asked Congress to reverse the Neutrality Acts.
Why were France and Britain unable to prevent the German occupation of Poland?
The occupation happened too fast.
What happened to the Chinese Nationalists after they were defeated by the Communists?
They fled to Taiwan.
What happened to the property of the Japanese Americans who were sent to camps?
They lost most of it.
How did the Soviet Union react to Japanese aggression in Asia?
They remained neutral in the conflict.
How did the Soviet Union catch up so quickly with the United States in production of atomic weapons?
They spied on the Manhattan Project.
Churchill and Roosevelt met in 1943 in Casablanca, Morocco, to discuss how to win the rest of the war after this victory. What was their plan?
They stayed with their plan to focus on the European Front even though there was fighting going on in Asia and the Pacific.
What was the employment situation for women after World War II?
They were expected to leave the workplace.
What did Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union have in common by 1933?
They were totalitarian states.
The first African American to be appointed to the Supreme Court was-
Thurgood Marshall.
The talented attorney who headed the team in support of Brown v. Board of Education and who later became the first African American on the Supreme Court was
Thurgood Marshall.
Eventually, in 1940, Japan officially partnered with Germany and Italy by signing the _____.
Tripartite Pact.
Who was the first leader of the Soviet Union?
Vladimir Lenin
Why did many Democrats favor Truman over Wallace for Vice President?
Wallace was too friendly to labor.
Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Winston Churchill - England
The February 1945 meeting was the second wartime meeting of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. During the conference, the three leaders agreed to demand Germany's unconditional surrender and began plans for a post-war world.
Yalta Conference
was the second wartime meeting of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. During the conference, the three leaders agreed to demand Germany's unconditional surrender and began plans for a post-war world.
Yalta Conference
social critics living during the 1950s believed to be-
a representation of a homogeneous and conformist culture that lacks diversity.
By early 1941 Hitler had to _____ his plans to defeat Britain in the air.
abandon
The Luftwaffe was the German -
air force.
The continued growth of the suburbs led to
an increase in urban and inner-city poverty.
The term historians use to describe the dramatic increase in the number of American births in the decades after World War II is-
baby boom.
The Voting Rights Act of 1965-
banned states from issuing barriers to voting, such as the literacy tests and poll tax.
President Kennedy's desire to have options besides the use of nuclear warfare in a Cold War crisis was known as-
flexible response.
Despite the fact that the number of jobs for working women rose in the 1950s, the ideal was still that a woman should be a-
homemaker.
. The Office of Price Administration (OPA) was established to________.
keep prices on goods from inflating.
The popular culture genre _____________ reflected the fears of Americans during the atomic age.
science fiction
In the 1950s, Americans started leaving the cities to live in the _____, like Levittown, New York.
suburbs
The last major offensive on the Western Front was the Battle of -
the Bulge.
What was the name of the group of American volunteers who fought the Fascists in Spain?
the Lincoln Brigade
Which nation had the greatest number of losses in World War II?
the Soviet Union
U.S. involvement in Korea reflected the U.S. government's policy of preventing the spread of communism after World War II. Which of the following established this U.S. policy?
the Truman Doctrine
the German Communist Party began to grow in strength, frightening many wealthy and middle-class Germans. In addition, the terms of the Treaty of Versailles had given rise to a deep-seated resentment of the victorious Allies. It was in such an environment that Adolf Hitler's anti-Communist National Socialist Party _______.
the birth of the Nazi Party
One unintended result of the Tet Offensive was-
the change in American public opinion from pro-war to anti-war.
One negative effect of the migration to the suburbs was-
the decline of economic opportunities in the cities.
Over what issue did Truman and MacArthur disagree?
the use of nuclear weapons
The Manhattan Project yielded only ______ atomic bombs.
three
China threatened _____ if the UN forces came near the Yalu River during the Korean War.
to invade Korea
What was the main reason for the construction of the Berlin Wall?
to stop East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin
Criticisms of the 1950s include all of the following except
women felt free to pursue the life and career path of their choice.
erupted in the United States over fears that Communist organizers sought to overthrow the American government. People suspected of Communist leanings were beaten and, if immigrants, were deported
"Red Scare"
What this means is that Allied forces would choose to bypass a heavily defended island and then capture a nearby island that was not heavily defended. From this nearby island, they could operate an air base that they use to bomb the Japanese-held islands and cut them off from reinforcements and supplies.
"island-hopping."
The British, under the leadership of Field Marshal Montgomery, stopped the German army in 1942 at El Alamein, and the Germans retreated west. This victory is one of three ___________in the war that took place in 1942.
"turning points"
The Germans unveiled a new type of warfare on Poland. Called blitzkrieg_______ this new military tactic was fast, concentrated air and land attack that took the enemy's army by surprise.
("lightning war")
In the 1950s, the postindustrial economy transitioned from being an economy based on ___(1)___, to one based on ___(2)___ .
(1) manufacturing / (2) information and service
The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, later renamed the March of Dimes, was established in 1938 and . . . was a grassroots campaign run primarily by volunteers. Over the years, millions of people gave small amounts of money to support both the care of people who got 1 and research into prevention and treatment. Those contributions financed Jonas Salk, Albert Sabin, and the other researchers who developed the . . . 2 that children around the world receive today.
(1): polio, (2): vaccines
Despite attacks from the German Air Force ______, 900 water vessels carried almost 500,000 soldiers across the English Channel to England.
(Luftwaffe)
In July of 1944, representatives from the United States and approximately 50 other countries met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. There they founded the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development _______.
(the "World Bank").
Japan helped form the League of Nations and signed treaties condemning war and advocating for peace, like the ______.
1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact
Mussolini showed his expansionist vision by invading and overpowering the independent African kingdom of Ethiopia in ______.
1935
1. What action did the United States take toward Italy during the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1936? A. The U.S. sold oil to Italy. B. The U.S. sent troops to help the Ethiopians. C. The U.S. asked the League of Nations to step in. D. The U.S. launched an oil embargo
A
Describe the theory that Hitler and others used to justify Anti-Semitism.
A theory that gained some acceptance in Europe held that Germanic people (called "Aryans") were superior to Semitic people (those from the Middle East including Arabs and Jews, although the term is used just for Jews).
He called for German rearmament, directly prohibited in the Versailles Treat, and purifying what he called the "Aryan" race (blond, blue-eyed Germans).
Adolf Hitler
Much of what _____ did in Germany beginning in 1933 was modeled on Mussolini's actions.
Adolf Hitler
blamed Germany's Communists and Jewish population for the problems they were having economically and for their defeat in World War I.
Adolf Hitler
Both were popular leaders who promised people things would be better if they would only follow without question. As promised, the economy improved.
Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini.
On July 16, 1945, the project's scientists tested the world's first atomic bomb in ________. The explosion blew a crater in the earth, a blinding flash, visible 180 miles away and a deafening roar as a shock wave rolled through the desert. A huge mushroom-shaped cloud rose over the desert.
Alamogordo, New Mexico
George Patton.
Allied Commander of the Third Army. Was instrumental in winning the Battle of the Bulge. Considered one of the best military commanders in American history.
Japan supported the _____ against the Germans during World War I. .
Allies
What is a major weakness of the UN?
Any one member of the Security Council can veto UN actions.
Churchill and Roosevelt issued a joint declaration on August 14, 1941, which is known as the______.
Atlantic Charter
4. Why were Churchill and Roosevelt at a disadvantage in negotiating with Stalin over Eastern Europe and the Yalta Conference? A. Stalin was a better negotiator than either of them. B. The Red Army was already in Eastern Europe. C. They could not agree on their postwar ideas. D. Roosevelt was gravely ill at Yalta
B
Most of these soldiers in _________ surrendered in 1942. This remains the largest surrender of American troops in modern U.S. military history.
Bataan
it directly broke the international norms of war laid out in the Geneva Convention of 1929 which guaranteed that those that surrender and become prisoners of war should be humanely treated.
Bataan Death March
According to the German battle plan, Germany would invade France through-
Belgium.
Through the gap in the Maginot Line, Germany invaded France through _______.
Belgium.
______ became prime minister in 1922. Between 1925 and 1927, _____ transformed Italy into a single party state and removed all restraints on his power
Benito Mussolini
The United States also continued to develop new weapons, and successfully (mostly) tested them in _______, in the Pacific, in 1946. To this day______ is uninhabitable because of radiation these tests left there.
Bikini Island
_________-which was an important supply route through Asia from British East Indies (India)
Burma
Which of the following took place in Germany on Kristallnacht?
Businesses owned by Jews were destroyed.
2. What was the role of the America First Committee during the rise of Hitler and Nazi Germany? A. to organize volunteers to fight in Spain B. to pressure the League of Nations to defend the U.S. C. to keep the U.S. out of European conflicts D. to oppose the policy of isolationism
C
Eisenhower used the Domino Theory to describe what would happen if nations were exposed to-
Communism.
3. After a long battle the Soviet Union inflicted a sound defeat of the German army in 1943 at- A. Kiev. B. Moscow. C. Leningrad. D. Stalingrad.
D
Operation Overlord was the -
D-Day invasion plan.
League of Nations established Bretton Woods meeting ? United Nations Charter ratified by U.S. Which of the following completes the timeline above?
Death of President Roosevelt
In 1940, the Germans cornered French and British troops at -
Dunkirk.
The president that presided over the majority of the 1950s was-
Dwight Eisenhower.
What was FDR concerned with about the Neutrality Acts?
FDR was concerned that Neutrality Acts permitted aggression.
Which military leader led the Nationalists in the Spanish War?
Fransico Franco
Edouard Daladier
French president who accepted Hitler's terms for peace.
More than 16 million Americans served as soldiers, sailors, and aviators in the war. They were known as___________.
GIs ("Government Issue").
______ provided planes, tanks, and soldiers to Francisco Franco and the Nationalists.
Germany and Italy
May 8, 1945, __________ This day became known as V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day).
Germany surrendered.
Which of the following nations was accused of appeasing Hitler at the Munich Conference in 1938?
Great Britain
What did Roosevelt push for in 1940 during his third reelection?
He pushed for greater American involvement in the Allied cause despite the fact that Britain was close to bankrupt and unable to pay for more supplies and shipping.
What unprecedented action did President Roosevelt take in 1940?
He ran for a third term.
In August 1940,__________, Day after day for over a month, as many as 1000 German planes dropped bombs on Britain. At first, the Germans only targeted British ports, airfields and the like. But in late August, the Germans began to bomb London. In retaliation, British planes bombed Berlin.
Hitler launched the greatest air assault the world had ever seen.
Britain and France realized war was coming after ________.
Hitler took Czechoslovakia.
What does the Atlantic Charter say?
In it, they explained why the Allies were fighting and what they hoped to see at the conclusion of the war.
Which of these is an effect rock and roll had on society in the United States in the 1950s?
It contributed to a cultural divide between generations.
Beginning in 1910, what was the political status of Korea?
It was a Japanese colony.
What was the finding the Korematsu vs. the United States case (1944)?
Japanese Americans could be held in camps
In the 1964 presidential election, Lyndon B Johnson was a ___ while Barry Goldwater was a ___ .
Liberal Democrat / Conservative Republican
The U.S. volunteers served in various units in the Spanish War, and came to be known as the _________.
Lincoln Brigade
At an International Military Tribunal, the United States, Great Britain, France and the Soviet Union conducted the trials in the German city of ______________in November 1945. The men on trial pleaded that they were simply "following orders."
Nuremberg
The term blitzkrieg refers to -
lightning war in which the Germans used coordinated air and ground attack.
George Kennan, a top American diplomat stationed in Moscow, argued that the policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of "containment." In an essay that became known as___________.
"The Long Telegram"
America was allowed to trade with fighting nations in nonmilitary goods as long as those nations paid cash and transported the cargo themselves. This policy was called__________.
"cash and carry."
. Beginning in early 1939 Hitler began to place enormous pressure on Poland to give back to Germany the Polish _________ a strip of land giving Poland access to seaports but which had been part of Germany before the Versailles Treaty.
"corridor"
Brown v. Board of Education is a landmark educational case which ruled that-
"separate but equal" is inherently unequal.
Truman's critics blamed him for what they called the "loss of China" and claimed that he was being_________.
"soft on Communism."
The introduction of vaccines to the United States helped-
limit the spread of infectious diseases.
Which of the following best describes Beatniks?
rebellious writers that felt disconnected from 1950s mainstream society
What was Hitler's demand of Poland that led to the invasion?
return of the Polish "corridor"
The Freedom Riders were a group that-
sought to end segregation in facilities serving interstate bus passengers.
In the rural areas, farmers were required to combine their small family farms into huge collective farms owned and operated by the Soviet state.
Josef Stalin
Millions fled to cities and millions more were forced into labor camps in Siberia
Josef Stalin
The Soviet leader who abandoned the idea of world revolution was -
Josef Stalin.
the American forces suffered a tremendous defeat trying to defend the __________.
Kasserine Pass.
After Dunkirk, Hitler's armies quickly swept through France. On June 22, France officially ______.
surrendered
The primary force shaping the new consumerism and popular culture of the 1950s was
television.
Stalin and Hitler negotiated a ten-year______ in which the two dictators promised not to invade each others' territory, and also agreed to partition Poland.
Nonaggression Pact
Which of the following best explains the military capabilities of North and South Korea in 1950?
North Korea was stronger.
After the Russian Revolution, the Soviet government was led by a man named ____1____, and he attempted to construct a government based on the economic and political beliefs of ____2____, a 19th-century philosopher who was against capitalism and created the idea of communism.
1- Lenin, 2- Marx
By ______, Hitler and the Nazis had a large enough following to be the largest party in the Reichstag and______ made Hitler chancellor or head of the German government
1. 1933 2. President Paul von Hindenburg
For many years the United States had no diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. In (1)______ President Roosevelt finally established diplomatic relations with the nation in hopes of large scale trade there and named (2)______ ambassador.
1. 1933 2. William C. Bullitt
By ______, the German military had gained strength and Hitler ordered troops into ______.
1. 1938 2. Austria
The Germans in northern Italy surrendered in _______ and Mussolini was _________ by Italians as he tried to flee Italy.
1. 1945 2. Killed
While American troops moved inland, more than 280 warships took part in the three-day__________ The Japanese used (and lost) almost their entire fleet to attack the United States Navy. It was also the first time the Japanese had used the strategy of_____________, or suicide planes
1. Battle of Leyte Gulf. 2. kamikazes
Ethiopian _______ appeared before the League to implore them to help his people, but the League did little_______.
1. Emperor Haile Selassie 2. Ethiopia fell to the Italians
On August 6, 1945, the B-29 flew without resistance over a city in southern Japan called _________. The crew dropped a single bomb which detonated over the city. The bomb incinerated the city and all of its inhabitants in a few seconds. . Three days later, another atomic bomb was dropped on ____________.
1. Hiroshima. 2. Nagasaki.
A group of_______developed a secret code based on their language that the enemy could not break. These _______were recruited by the marines to serve as radio operators and provided an invaluable service linking several key battles in the war
1. Navajos 2. "code talkers"
_______ sent supplies to the Republicans in the Spanish War. although Britain, France, and the United States did not officially support either side, almost forty thousand men and women from fifty-two countries, including 2,800 Americans, volunteered to travel to Spain and join the International Brigades to help fight ______.
1. The Soviet Union 2. Fascism
. The United States and Britain declared that Japan had broken the Kellogg-Briand pact, and the League of Nations ordered Japan to end its occupation. Japan _____ from the League of Nations. In 1932, the prime minister of Japan was _________ by naval officers, ending the multi-party parliamentary system, and ultimately giving the military leaders much ______ in the government.
1. Withdrew 2. assassinated 3. stronger control
In the __________, or Spanish-speaking neighborhoods, sometimes there were tensions and these led to the _______.
1. barrios 2. zoot suit riots
The League of Nations was criticized for _________ which would have severely crippled the Italian army's ability to make war, but even if such an embargo had been declared, non-members, such as the United States, could (and did) _______.
1. not declaring an embargo of oil trade to Italy 2. sell oil to Italy
During the Japanese and Chinese war, the___________ sent arms, advisors, and warplanes to China. ______used the Burma Road (in today's Myanmar) to send a steady stream of supplies to China.
1.Soviet Union 2.Britain
Victory in Europe Victory in the Pacific Victory in Africa What is the correct order of the above events?
3, 1, 2
The Americans established a border at the ___________, which divided Korea almost exactly in half.
38th parallel
The country of Korea was divided along the _____ as part of decisions made for the post-war world.
38th parallel
is a long draped jacket and baggy pants with tight cuffs. Some people with these had duck-tailed, slicked-back hair.
A zoot suit
What was the "Double V Campaign?"
African Americans fighting the Axis Powers and inequality at home
Douglas MacArthur.
American general, who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during World War II.
An important European battle site for Americans in both World War I and World War II was the _____ Forest.
Ardennes
This was the largest battle in Western Europe during World War II, and the largest ever fought by the United States Army. Of the 600,000 troops, almost 80,000 were captured, killed or wounded. The German losses were higher, and after this battle was over, the Germans realized that their war was lost.
Battle of the Bulge
Germany's last desperate attempt to break through Allied lines on Oct. 1944 was the -
Battle of the Bulge.
In May 1942, the American Navy met the Japanese Navy at the Battle of Coral Sea. Japan had recently taken the Dutch East Indies and was posed to isolate Australia, one of United States' key allies. The five-day battle was fought entirely by carrier-based aircraft. The warships never saw each other, a first in naval history. They both sank each others' carrier and lost half of their planes.
Battle of the Coral Sea
United States benefited from the__________ in two important ways. First the U.S. saw that the Japanese Navy could be defeated, and also that they prevented Australia from being invaded by Japan
Battle of the Coral Sea
All of the following were World War II dictators except -
Chamberlain.
Led by _______, the Free French government also supported the underground resistance movement in France, a group of French citizens who sabotaged German operations in their homeland (France).
Charles de Gaulle
Mao Zedong was successful in his revolution against nationalist leader-
Chiang Kai-shek.
Which of the following was a federal law that banned discrimination in public places and the workplace?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Many jobs in technology became available in the 1950s because-
Cold War defense programs had spurred technological innovation.
What was the reverse of Neutrality?
Congress agreed and the United State provided Britain and France with weapons but still prevented loans of money.
A turning point in the war was the British defeat of German tank units at-
El Alamein.
An important contributor the the U.N Universal Declaration of Human rights was-
Eleanor Roosevelt.
Among early entertainers in rock 'n' roll that became very popular were Buddy Holly and Chuck Berry, but the most popular of all was-
Elvis Presley.
Fascist Italy practiced its war machine in 1935 to 1936 against.
Ethiopia.
In an early decision of the major Allied leaders, the war effort would be focused first on -
Europe then the Pacific.
Roosevelt called an international conference, called the _______, to discuss the influx of refugees. It was held in France in 1938, but it did not solve the problem with the majority of the countries in attendance continuing to refuse admittance to the refugee stream.7
Evian Conference
A provision of the Versailles Treaty was that the Germans had to keep their military out of the Rhineland, which was a buffer zone between Germany and -
France.
Since the end of World War I, the Rhineland had been a demilitarized zone between Germany and -
France.
Johnson's Great Society sought to continue the ideas and reforms of-
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Why did Harry S Truman represent the United States at the Potsdam Conference?
Franklin Roosevelt had died a couple of months earlier.
Although he was not president for most of the war, _____ made the choice of whether or not to drop the atomic bomb in World War II.
Harry Truman
How did President Roosevelt attempt to help Britain in early 1941?
He signed the Lend Lease Act.
How did Truman's opinion of the Yalta agreement affect US-Soviet relations?
He wanted to be firm with the Soviets.
Why did President Roosevelt run for a fourth term in 1944
He wanted to shape the postwar world.
-Jews had too much power. -Communists threatened capitalism. -Versailles Treaty was unfair. What is the best title for the above list?
Hitler: Causes of German Economic Problems
Which of the following is one way the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill of Rights) contributed to U.S. economic growth after World War II?
It provided veterans with government money for education.
had the task of establishing uniform currency exchanges in order to be more predictable for international banking.
International Monetary Fund (IMF).
What was the political situation of Korea prior to World War II?
It was ruled by Japan.
Its efforts on behalf of the Allies left it with high unemployment and widespread corruption after the war.
Italy
Where did the Allies first attempt to open a second front to help the Soviet Union?
Italy
_____had gained little from its participation in World War I.
Italy
Churchill and Roosevelt attempted to open a second front in Europe in 1943 by invading-
Italy.
"Uncommon valor was a common virtue" - Admiral Nimitz The famous photograph of U.S. Soldiers raising the American flag Which Pacific Theater battle does the above list describe?
Iwo Jima
The great American abstract expressionist artist was-
Jackson Pollock.
What was the attitude of Japan towards the West after the Harris treaty in 1858?
Japan admired Western technology.
Which of the following best describes Japan's participation in World War I and the peace treaty?
Japan sided with the Allies in World War I
Which of the following best describes Japan in the early 19th century?
Japan was isolated from world affairs.
How did Japan respond when the League of Nations ordered them to end their occupation of the "puppet state" Manchukuo?
Japan withdrew from the League.
Which of the following was agreed to at the Potsdam Conference?
Japan would have to surrender unconditionally.
opened the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American ships for refueling, and permitting the establishment of U.S. consulate in those ports
Japanese and Americans signed the Treaty of Kanugawa
What symbol did Nazis use to identify Jews in Nazi Germany? How was is visible?
Jews were required to wear a yellow star on their clothing to visually identify themselves as Jewish to all.
The health of the world was greatly improved with the vaccination for polio invented by the American doctor-
Jonas Salk.
Agricultural production decreased as well so he introduced rationing in the Soviet Union.
Josef Stalin
By 1940 he had achieved the goal of turning the Soviet Union into an industrial power, but he had also arrested more than 7 million, killed more than 1 million and had eliminated all threats to his power.
Josef Stalin
Farmers who resisted were pushed off their land or starved to death.
Josef Stalin
He abandoned the idea of world revolution. He nationalized businesses and attempted to modernize agriculture.
Josef Stalin
He took over the Soviet Union after Lenin's death in 1924.
Josef Stalin
His industrialization of the country (iron, steel, oil, and coal) was more successful. During this time, he implemented purges to eliminate his political opponents.
Josef Stalin
The Korean War ended the presidential ambitions of what two Americans?
MacArthur and Truman
-thick concrete walls -artillery -underground railroads The list above describes which of the following:
Maginot Line
In 1931, Japan invaded and took over-
Manchuria.
To secure additional resources, Japan invaded the Chinese province of -
Manchuria.
Jews were required to wear a yellow star on their clothing to visually identify themselves as Jewish to all.
Many were actors and musicians who found work in the American motion picture industry. Some were teachers and scientists who went to work for the government or universities as teachers and researchers, among them Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi.
In_______ , the Nationalist army prevailed, taking the capital city, Madrid.
March 1939
How did attitudes about the military draft for the Vietnam War influence passage of a Constitutional amendment?
Men who were old enough to serve should be old enough to vote.
Which of the following court cases served as the first step towards desegregating public schools in America?
Mendez v. Westminster
A turning point in 1942 at the Pacific Theater occurred on and around the islands of -
Midway.
Neville Chamberlain, and Edouard Daladier met with Hitler and Mussolini in 1938 in what was known as the _______.
Munich Conference
Their goal became the capability to launch a second strike to destroy whichever side launched the first one. This idea was known as _____________, and is what actually kept both sides from using nuclear weapons against each other.
Mutually Assured Destruction
The conclusions in___________were hotly debated in the Truman administration. Some beloved that the American people would not be willing to pay, through taxes, for a buildup of nuclear and conventional weapons as called for in _____. Others argued that the United States military capability was already superior to the Soviet Union.
NSC-68
What debate was going on the the United States when North Korea invaded South Korea?
NSC-68 vs Containment
Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania East Germany Poland Which of the following best describes the list above?
Nations east of the Iron Curtain
The Vichy French government allowed Japan to move troops into French Indochina (today Vietnam and Laos) and then Japan also seized the oil-rich Dutch Indies since the ______ was under German control.
Netherlands
Congress passed a series of ______that banned the United States from providing weapons and loans to nations at war.
Neutrality Acts
On the night of November 9, 1938, Nazis walked through the streets of Germany and Austria, looting and destroying Jewish homes, stores, and nearly every synagogue (Jewish place of worship). This night became known as __________.
Night of the Broken Glass ("Kristallnacht").
_______Germany attacked Denmark and Norway. Denmark fell within a couple of days, but the Norwegians put up heroic resistance throughout the war.
On April 9, 1940,
_____Germany and Italy declared war on the United States in accordance with their alliance with Japan.
On December 11
German troops entered the Rhineland, a region on the border of France in Western Germany which was a direct violation of Versailles Treaty.
On March 7, 1936,
Whats one advantage RAF had over Germany?
One advantage they had was that if their planes were hit over British air space, the pilots were able to parachute out and quickly return to battle.
attempted to construct a government based on the economic and political beliefs of Karl Marx, a 19th-century philosopher who was against capitalism and created the idea of communism.
Vladimir Lenin
Yesterday, December 7, 1941-a date which will live in infamy-the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. -Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Address to Congress Requesting Act of War. The above excerpt from Roosevelt's speech refers to the attack at-
Pearl Harbor.
Brown v. Board of Education reversed another landmark case from 1896 called
Plessy v. Ferguson.
World War II began in Europe with the German invasion of -
Poland.
(July 17-August 2, 1945) was the last of the World War II meetings held by the "Big Three" heads of state. Featuring American President Harry S. Truman, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (and his successor, Clement Attlee) and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, the talks established a Council of Foreign Ministers and a central Allied Control Council for administration of Germany. The leaders arrived at various agreements on the German economy, punishment for war criminals, land boundaries and reparations.
Potsdam Conference
Which of the following was a factor in the RAF defeating the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain?
RAF pilots could return to the fighting after being shot down.
How did media coverage, particularly on television, during the Vietnam War affect the United States?
Reporting on military setbacks contributed to public disillusionment with the war.
______, is where Germany had begun attacks on France and Belgium in 1914.
Rhineland
After losing the Battle of Britain, Hitler decided to pursue his desire for "living space" east. In 1941, Germany took control of oilfields in __________.
Romania
Hitler created an alliance with Mussolini, creating an "axis" between Rome and Berlin,
Rome and Berlin (Later Japan and they would become the Axis powers)
the ________was formed (otherwise known as the "security squadron" or "SS") as a private army of the Nazi party. The SS guarded the concentration camps, areas where political prisoners were concentrated. In these camps were political objectors, Communists, and others whom the Nazis considered unacceptable like Jews but also homosexuals, Gypsies, and the homeless.
Schutzstaffel
German armies marched hundreds of miles into the interior of the Soviet Union quickly. They threatened Moscow, the capital, and surrounded St. Petersburg, then known as Leningrad. The _______ lasted four years, one of the longest such engagements in history.
Siege of Leningrad
Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik party overthrew the old Czarist government of Nicholas II and created the ______.
Soviet Union in 1918
In 1936, the Soviet Union and Germany fought each other by taking sides in the _____ Civil War.
Spanish
Although President Truman applied the Truman Doctrine in defense of Greece, -
Stalin was not assisting the Greek Communists.
After a long battle the Soviet Union inflicted a sound defeat of the German army in 1943 at-
Stalingrad.
In one of the turning points in World War II, the Soviets defeated the German army at -
Stalingrad.
Soon after, Hitler demanded an area of western Czechoslovakia, called the ______, which had been given to Czechoslovakia despite the presence there of some 7 millions Germans.
Sudetenland
In 1938, Hitler demanded that the Czechs cede the
Sudetenland.
Since 1945, population in the United States has grown most noticeably in the-
Sunbelt.
Which conclusion is most accurate based on the United States' experience in the Vietnam War?
Superior military technology and political power does not guarantee victory.
Soon after, Mao Zedong proclaimed the new People's Republic of China, a Communist state. The defeated Nationalists retreated to the island of _____.
Taiwan.
The Chinese Red Army pushed the Nationalist Army out of China to-
Taiwan.
oversaw rationing during the war with the purpose of making sure scarce items were fairly distributed.
The OPA
Which event best completes the sequence of events listed below? The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. U.S. and Filipino soldiers were taken captive at Bataan. ??? An atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima
The Japanese suffered a major defeat at Midway.
_______ provided housing for troops, recreational areas, underground railroads, thick concrete walls, and artillery.
The Maginot Line
. Roosevelt immediately organized a top secret project called___________ in order to develop an atomic bomb, led by J. Robert Oppenheimer and involving more than half a million people. It was one of the best-kept secrets of the war.
The Manhattan Project
Why were Churchill and Roosevelt at a disadvantage in negotiating with Stalin over Easter Europe and the Yalta Conference?
The Red Army was already in Eastern Europe.
_____ increased income tax collection to help raise additional funds.
The Revenue Act of 1942
What act required all men ages 21-36 to register for potential military service?
The Selective Training and Service Act
Upon first seeing the Soviet Union in 1945, General Dwight D. Eisenhower said, "I did not see a house standing between the western borders of the country and . . .Moscow." How did the conditions above affect Soviet foreign policy in the years after World War II?
The Soviets wanted strong western borders.
Over what issue did Truman offend Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov, which made relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union more tense?
The Soviets were not keeping their Yalta promises.
One of the principles of the Truman Doctrine was-
containment
Japan annexed Korea. Japan went to war with China ? The Soviet Union entered Korea Which of the following statements best complete the sequence of events above?
The U.S. bombed Hiroshima.
What was the biggest risk the U.S. faced in using atomic weapons against Japan?
The U.S. only had two bombs and the Japanese might not surrender.
Which of the following was a positive outcome of the Battle of Coral Sea?
The U.S. prevented a Japanese invasion of Australia
What action did the United States take toward Italy during the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1936?
The U.S. sold oil to Italy.
The U.S. policy that sought to keep Communism within its own borders is called-
containment
One of the principles of the Truman Doctrine is-
containment.
Truman took this formulation a step further. In 1947, he called on the United States to take a leadership role in the world. In a speech, he outlined a new foreign policy that guided American actions for the next 50 years. it became "the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."
Truman Doctrine
How was Truman's attitude toward the Soviet Union different from that of Roosevelt?
Truman thought Roosevelt gave the Soviets too much at Yalta.
Many in the United States blamed the fall of China to the Communists on-
Truman.
Sunday, December 7, the Japanese attacked the________at anchor in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The Japanese hit all eight battleships in the harbor and sank four of them.
U.S. Pacific fleet
"the foundations upon which, after victory, peace, freedom and a growing prosperity may be built for generations to come."
United Nations (the UN)
, the United States, Great Britain, China and the Soviet Union worked to design a replacement for the League of Nations. They met in Dumbarton Oaks, near Washington, DC. There they drafted the Charter for the _________.
United Nations (the UN)
Officially the Korean War was sponsored on the anti-Communism side by the-
United Nations.
.He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions near Viareggio, Italy. Participated in an attack on the German stronghold of Castle Aghinolfi. During the assault, led his platoon through German army defenses to within sight of the castle, personally destroying a machine gun position, two bunkers, two observation posts, and some German telephone lines as he went. He was the only living African American World War II veteran of the seven belatedly awarded the Medal of Honor when it was given to him by President Bill Clinton in 1997.
Vernon J. Baker
The Nazi party started expanding the military, building a network of highways (autobahns) and ended unemployment. Hitler opposed the territorial concessions Germany was forced to make in 1919, and also convinced Germans that their nation needed more "room" (lebensraum, or "living space").
Violations of the Treaty of Versailles
-30% of_______, the capital of Poland, was Jewish. This equated to around half a million people and crammed them into the _______Ghetto, which was the size of 3 percent of the city. - In this self-contained area, there was a lack of food and sanitation and thousands of Jews died from these consequences of overcrowding and abuse.
Warsaw
In 1949 the United States lead the creation of a joint military defensive alliance called North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) directed against a possible attack from the Soviet Union. In response, the Soviet Union together with its satellite states created similar organization called the-
Warsaw Pact.
___ helped create a unified sense of American identity and inspired many African Americans and Mexican Americans to mobilize in a fight for equality.
World War II
Great Britain and France prepared to come to Poland's assistance, but within two weeks Poland had been defeated and occupied by Germany and the Soviet Union. What was the result of this defeat?
World War II in Europe had begun.
As Germany occupied the time and focus of European powers, they left their colonies in East Asia alone. Japan used this as an opportunity to expand their influence in the region, announcing_____.
a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere to extend from Manchuria to the Dutch East Indies in the south.
What was the purpose of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?
a Japanese takeover of East Asia
What was the goal of the policy called Mutually Assured Destruction?
a devastating second strike
The U.S. policy that sought to keep Communism within its own borders is called-
containment.
What aspect of American society did Ralph Ellison bring to light in The Invisible Man?
continuing racism
The experimental style of modern painting that accented the painters' individuality is known as-
abstract expressionism.
Landing and takeoff spot Refueling spot Key to American offensive effort The list above describes-
aircraft carriers.
All of the following are effects of the new automobile culture except-
all Americans could enjoy leisure activities inspired by their love of cars.
, the government acted to end discrimination in employment when the President signed this to open jobs in defense plants to all Americans regardless of race. As a result of this, African Americans were able to work and join the war effort. They still faced segregation and were forced to live in urban ghettos in the north where they moved to take advantage of the job opportunities.
an Executive Order
Prior to the outbreak of war, French and British politicians tried to solve their problems with Hitler and Mussolini through a policy of -
appeasement.
Jack Kerouac is a writer representing the _____ generation of the 1950s.
beat
In 1933, Nazis ordered a one-day _______ of all Jewish businesses and in 1935, Jews were stripped of their citizenship.
boycott
In agriculture, a shortage of farm workers created a need for The United States to make an agreement with Mexico to bring over________or farm laborers
braceros
Mao Zedong and Chiang, longtime enemies, worked together to fight Japanese aggression______.
but they were ultimately not able to make progress against the Japanese and so they withdrew their armies.
Which of the following was NOT one of the key components of President Johnson's Great Society programs?
campaign finance reform
Rapid dropping of bombs from planes over a large urban area is called -
carpet bombing.
During the 1950s, the ratio of women to men working in the marketplace was 5 to 2. Most of the jobs performed by females were-
clerical.
The largest public works project during Eisenhower's presidency was-
construction of the interstate highway system.
The power of the president as Commander-in-Chief were protected by Truman when he exerted civilian control over the military in-
firing Douglas MacArthur.
Nazis created_________ (sealed-off areas usually surrounded by a wall of some type) where Jews were forced to live.
ghettos
Chamberlain's policy was called by his critics "appeasement-"
giving in to Hitler's demands in order to keep the peace.
Among the causes of the long postwar economic boom were-
government spending on defense. research and technology
Several critics of the 1950s believed that the American people-
had developed into a generation of conformists that lacked diversity.
The accusation of Alger Hiss as a Communist spy was a shock to most Americans because he had-
held responsibility in the Roosevelt administration.
How did the Korean War finally end?
in a stalemate
In 1963, the Birmingham, Alabama, police shocked the nation by using fire hoses and attack dogs in their response to civil rights protestors. Shortly after the violence in Birmingham, President John F. Kennedy declared it was time to-
increase the government's commitment to civil rights.
As a result of the Interstate Highway Act of 1956, the U.S. experienced-
increased suburban growth.
Which of the following supported Mussolini's dictatorship in Italy?
industrialists
Despite being a Republican who reversed some of the New Deal, Eisenhower supported one of the largest domestic expenditures in history up to that time. This program provided funds to build the
interstate highway system.
The final event that caused Germany, France, and England to declare war against each other was the -
invasion of Poland.
During most of the 1930s, the U.S. practiced a foreign policy of -
isolation.
All of the following are true of the Great Society except
it had no effect on the statistical poverty rate.
The primary reason given by U.S. leaders to justify military involvement in Vietnam was that it would-
keep communism from spreading throughout the region.
Japan wanted the resources like oil and rubber to help finance their war against China. This concept mirrored the German idea of _______.
lebensraum
In early 1942, Federal Price Administrator Leon Henderson ordered auto makers to stop making cars and trucks for the civilian market in order to free up assembly lines for_________.
military production.
All of the following are reasons for the anti-war movement during the Vietnam War except-
most African Americans were eager to fight in Vietnam in an effort to prove their loyalty to the U.S. and eventually earn more rights and equality.
What did Hitler and his generals choose to do first after the Dunkirk evacuation?
move south toward Paris and defeat France
The Voting Rights Act of 1965, increased political participation for African Americans by-
outlawing poll restrictions such as literacy tests.
How did Britain get supplies to China so they could fight Japan?
over the Burma Road
How did Americans feel about rationing during World War II?
patriotic
What anti-bacterial medicine was first mass produced during World War II?
penicillin
In addition to providing specific benefits to World War II veterans, the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill of Rights) was partly intended to-
prevent returning soldiers from overwhelming the job market.
Betty Friedan's best-selling book of 1963, The Feminine Mystique, did all of the following except -
provoke a reverse exodus from the suburbs back to the urban centers of the U.S.
The Korean War was one of the first-
proxy wars.
As a result of the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation was outlawed in-
public facilities.
Japan announced that Manchuria was now called Manchukuo, an independent state under Japanese protection, also known as a ______.
puppet state.
Occupation forces of ____________ move into northern Korea shortly after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima.
the Soviet Union
What contributed to the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
the U.S. secret promise to remove missiles from Turkey
At the end of World War II, the only major power in the world that was not significantly damaged was-
the United States.
What caused the 1942 Zoot Suit Riots?
the appearance of some Mexican-Americans
Medicare provided healthcare funding for _____ while Medicaid provided federal assistance for ___ .
the elderly / poor people
Rock and roll music represented of all of the following except-
the federal government completely ignoring the questionable behavior of teens.
Jonas Salk was best known for-
the first safe polio vaccination.
A key economic transformation of the 1950s was-
the growth of "white collar" jobs into a majority that increasingly replaced "blue collar" jobs.
After the Great Depression, who took control of the Japanese government?
the military
President Eisenhower warned against the potential abuse of power within the connection between politicians, U.S. military, and weapons manufacturers, known as-
the military-industrial complex.
Drive up restaurants Drive in theaters Shopping centers The list above explains the changes that took place in the U.S. as a result of-
the new automobile culture.
The Kennedy administration was pushed into a stronger stand on civil rights by-
the organized Civil Rights Movement, led by the Freedom Riders and Martin Luther King, Jr.
Which of these best explains the change in money spent at the movies from 1946 to 1965?
the popularity of television.
What was the purpose of the 22nd Amendment?
to establish term limits for presidents
What was the purpose of FDR's Four Freedoms speech?
to help GIs understand the purpose of their participation in World War II
What was the role of the America First Committee during the rise of Hitler and Nazi Germany?
to keep the U.S. out of European conflicts
There were many fights between sailors who came home on military leave and were offended by the way the zoot suiters looked, finding it ___________________
un-American
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965-
was the first federal aid to education in U.S. history.
All of the following are examples of rejection of 1950s mainstream American culture except-
watching a controversial movie at the drive-in theater.
In 1941 Roosevelt signed the Lend-Lease Act, __________.
which gave him the authority to begin shipping war supplies to Britain.
In early 1940 President Roosevelt concluded the Destroyers for Bases agreement with Britain, ________.
which transferred three warships (destroyers) to Britain in exchange for some future rights to build bases in British territories in the British West Indies.
In the 1950s, the work force began to change when-
white-collar workers outnumbered blue-collar workers.
Germany gained the northern three-fifths and the French government supervised the unoccupied south from the resort town of Vichy. This area is known as Vichy France. Vichy France decided to ___________.
work with, or collaborate with, Germany
In 1941, Japan signed a neutrality pact with the Soviet Union and was poised to become the _________in Asia, challenging European and the United States' influence there.
world's major power