U.S History Quiz 2

Powhatan

Leader of Powhatan confederacy, and father of Pochahontas

Indentured servant

Majority of workers in Virgina were hired for 4-7 years... the employer payed for food/shelter and journey to America.

Bacon's rebellion

Nathaniel Bacon (a tobacco planter) formed a small army, after his slave overseer was killed in an Indian attack, in 1676.

House of Burgesess

Representatives from various communities in Virginia met in an assembly in July of 1619. Had the power to raise taxes, and make laws. Only white men were allowed. AMERICAS FIRST LEGISLATURE

When did John Rolfe arrive to Jamestown, and what did he bring with him?

Rolfe arrived sometime after Smith's departure... after the English elite drove Jamestown into the starving period. He brought Spanish tobacco seeds...this was crucial to Jamestown's economy.

What group initially took over Jamestown after John Smith returned to England?

The English elite

WHY did the English settlers not get along with the Powhatan Indians?

The English wanted more and more land... the Indians did not want to give up more land.

Why did the English wait so long to establish colonies in America?

They knew it would be expensive and risky. Their first attempt to colonize in Virginia was unsuccessful. The English were not aware of the problems they would face in America. ALSO they had a poor relationship with Spain.

WHY did the settlers want to go to Jamestown? WHY did others support them?

To make money, get gold, farm, start a new life, new opportunities. Others supported them because they hoped to gain money.

WHO were the settlers of Jamestown?

* English men of the London company * Solders * Indentured servants * Farmers

WHEN was Jamestown settled? And WHEN was the "Starving Time"

*Jamestown was settled in 1607. *The starving time occurred in the winter of 1609

WHO were some of the leaders of Jamestown

*John Smith *Pocahontas *John Rolfe * William Berkeley * Nathaniel Bacon

WHY did Jamestown nearly fail?

*Many settlers died from disease *Many of the elite only wanted to find gold, and had no interest in working *The Powhatan Indians harassed the English, and killed their livestock

Why did English want to start colonies in America?

1. To find gold/ resources 2. Practice religion 3. Opportunities 4. Many farmers were unemployed 5. Some wealthy men were no longer inheriting land because land was scarce. (KNOW AT LEAST 3)

What crops were important to colonies in North America? How did the cultivation of these crops shape those colonies?

1. Tobacco was Jamestown's gold...gave colony a financial boost. Rice an wheat also helped the economy, and became staples in the people's diets.

Headright

50 acre grants of land that colonists could obtain in various ways. This was offered by the Virginia company, starting in 1618.

What type of colony was Jamestown originally?

A business venture (Joint Stock Company) / English settlement

What type of colony did Jamestown later become?

A royal colony..."Virginia" (Also became a charter... King James sets rules and gets a cut of Jamestown's income)

WHAT was the starving time?

After Smith returned to England, the English elite governed Jamestown poorly. The settlers stopped working hard, and began stealing food from Indians. This destroyed their relationship with the Powhatan...and the Indians cut off the food supply and killed the settlers livestock.

John Rolfe

Arrived after Smith left...(in 1610). He brought tobacco seeds from Spanish territory. Planting the tobacco seeds helped boost the economy. Later, he married Pocahontas.

Joint stock company

Business entities in which investors pooled their money, hoping to make profit. (In 1606, King James I issued a charter that divided America into two groups. The Plymouth company and London company became joint stock companies. The companies were responsible for governing/ maintaining their colonies.)

Pochahontas

Daughter of Powhatan. She begged her father not to kill John Smith. She also kept peace between the settlers and Powhatan people. She eventually married John Rolfe, changed her name to Rebecca, and converted to Christianity. Her and Rolfe had two kids.

What were some problems that the colonists in Jamestown faced?

Hostile Indians, starvation, poor leadership, lack of government, cannibalism, lack of skills among colonists. Jamestown colonists were spoiled, and not prepared to work... they devoted their time and effort to looking for gold.

WHO was the most important person in Jamestown? WHY?

I believe that JOHN SMITH was the most important person in Jamestown. John Smith lead the London Company, who sailed to Virginia and built the colony of Jamestown. Upon arriving in Jamestown, Smith explored the area, built houses, and traded food with Indians. In 1608, Smith became the president of Jamestown's council. As president, he instilled necessary discipline in the people of Jamestown, by pushing the farmers to work...or starve. He also strengthened the military. Smith provided the colonists with food, by negotiating Native Americans.

How did slavery develop in North America during colonization?

In 1619, Africans were brought to Jamestown as indentured servants. John Rolfe recorded their arrival, and incorrectly claimed that they arrived on a Dutch ship. The slaves arrived on the White Lion, and English warship. The following decades would see to the enslavement of Africans.

HOW was Jamestown saved from failiure

Initially, John Smith saved Jamestown by forming a government/ military... and forcing the settlers to work (or starve). Later, John Rolfe saved the colony by planting South American tobacco seeds.

How were the problems of Jamestown overcome?

John smith strengthened the military, and pushed the colonists to work harder. Also, crops such as tobacco helped the economy.

WHERE was Jamestown?

North America, Virginia...on a small peninsula on the James River

John Smith

One of 100 male colonists sent to Virginia by the company in 1606. In 1608, he became the leader of Jamestown. In 1609, he was injured in a gun powder explosion and returned to England.

Of the 500 settlers in Jamestown...how many were alive when John Rolfe arrived?

Only 60 of the original settlers

WHO were the neighbors of the English settlers

Powhatan Indians

Describe "The Big Three"

Spain, France, and England. They did not like each other. In 1580, the Spanish navy attacked England in the English channel, and Spain lost. This was referred to as "Defeat of Spanish Armada"