U.S. History Texas Independence Chapter 9 quiz

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Mexico is forced to sign this treaty after the capture of Mexico City in September 1847 U.S. pays $15 million Mexico gives the U.S the Mexican Cession

Mexican-American War

The U.S. quickly invaded New Mexico Americans in California revolted and declared California as a republic

Mexican Cession

Area of the present-day United States that Mexico agreed to give up as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War

Causes and consequences of the Mexican-American War

Causes In 1845 Texas officially annexed to the U.S. Location of border with Mexico is disputed Mexico is outraged at the U.S. they see Texas independence and the U.S. annexation of Texas as illegitimate Mexico ends diplomatic relations with the U.S. Polk sent John Slidell to negotiate with Mexico who was ignored which was taken as an insult President Polk sent troops in to the disputed territory beyond the Nueces River In May 1846 the U.S declares war on Mexico The U.S quickly invades New Mexico Sept. 1847 the U.S. captured Mexico City and Mexico is forced to sign the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Consequence Mexico lost land and gave U.S the Mexican Cession (land of present-day California, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada) which settles disputed territory U.S pays $15 million California also became a state after the war, following the short-lived 'California Republic'

Causes and consequences of westward expansion

Causes Manifest Destiny;the belief that the colonists were superior and needed to spread their superiority as far as possible Growing population expanded westward, seeking new opportunities Trader and trappers sought process in the fur business Missionaries hoped to convert Indians to Christianity Lumberjacks and miners sought to profit off untouched natural resources Farmers (most of the migrants) sought fresh starts and to farm the vast, rich land of which earlier migrants spoke Entrepreneurs followed farmers in hope of making a profit by investing their money-if they were among the first to practice their trade in a new settlement they had a greater chance for success Consequences America's population was 6 times larger in 1840 than it had been during the American revolution Use of the western trails declined after railroad tracks ran unbroken from the east to the west coast in 1869 In 1844, Oregon filled with American migrants remained disputed territory with Great Britain James K. Polk ran for president and won and used a treaty to establish the Oregon/Canadian border at the 49th parallel American migration in to Mexico helped cause the Texas revolution For 9 years, Texas existed as an independent republic

Santa Fe Trail

First westward trail Connected independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico (capital of the Mexican State) traveled by traders

Sam Houston

Leader of the Texas forces in the Texas Revolution Lost to Santa Anna several times before the Battle of San Jacinto in April 1836-he led a surprise attack against Santa Anna, defeated the Mexican army in just 18 minutes, and captured Santa Anna

Oregon Trail

Longest and most famous trail (2,000 miles) From independence, Missouri to Oregon Pioneers and settlers traveled and settled on the west coast Oregon would become the 33rd state in 1859

Alamo

Mexican fort in San Antonio captured by Texan rebels in Feb. 1836; Santa Anna laid siege to the Alamo with 1800 soldiers killing almost 200 Texan rebels

Texas Revolution

Oct. 1835 -violence erupts between Texan and Mexican officials Feb 1836-Texan rebels capture the Alamo, a Mexican fort; Santa Anna laid siege to the Alamo with 1800 soldiers killing almost 200 Texan rebels Ended when Sam Houston captured Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto and was forced to sign The Treaties of Velasco

James K. Polk

Ran for president with the slogan "54-40 or Fight" Pledged war with Great Britain over where the Canadian/Oregon border should be Became president in 1845 used a treaty to establish the border at the 49th parallel

Battle of San Jacinto

Sam Houston led a surprise attack against Santa Anna, defeated the Mexican army in just 18 minutes, and captured Santa Anna Ended the war

Causes of the Texas Revolution

Santa Anna takes control over the Mexican government and breaks the 1824 Mexican Constitution He enforces new laws banning state militias and some Mexican states revolted Texans felt their liberties were threatened Violence erupted and the first battle, Battle of Gonzales occurred; Texans attacked the Mexican force and they retreated

Mormon Trail

Seeking religious freedom, Mormons traveled 1,300 miles from Illinois to Salt Lake City, Utah

"54-40 or Fight"

Slogan used by James K. Polk during his presidental campaign latitude measure of the Canadian/Oregon border

California Trail

Tens of thousands migrated to California after extensive supplies of gold The Gold Rush officially began in 1849 and most used this trail to reach California California would become the 31st state in 1850 Cities of San Fransisco and Sacramento grew rapidly in the 1850s SF-800 in 1848 to 60,00 in 1860

American Exceptionalism

The belief that America was uniquely different compared to any other country in the world due to the ideals of liberty, equality, democracy and unalienable rights

Manifest Destiny

The prevalent 19th century belief that Americans were destined by God to populate and control all of North America Idea originated out of a growing sense of American exceptionalism Many Americans who who headed west in the 1800s believed in this

Manifest Destiny

The prevalent 19th century belief that Americans were destined by God to populate and control all of North America and spread their traditions, institutions, and culture while at the same time enlightening more primitive nations Helped inspire westward expansion American settlers of the time considered Native Americans and other minorities to be inferior and therefore deserving of cultivation Settlers considered the United States to be the best possible way to organize a country so they felt the need to remake the world in the image of their own country The painting American Progress is an allegorical representation of the modernization of the new west

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Took control over the Mexican government in 1833 Undoes the 1824 Mexican Constitution laid siege to the Alamo with 1800 soldiers killing almost 200 Texan rebels Won several victories against Sam Houston and the Texas rebel army Was defeated by Houston in the Battle of San Jacinto: Forced to sign a treaty (the Treaties of Velasco) surrendering Texas

Tejanos

a Mexican-American inhabitant of southern Texas swore allegiance to the Mexican Consitutuion in 1824 Began to see themselves as Texans instead of Mexicans Revolted against Santa Anna's new laws bc they felt that they liberties were threatened

Bear-Flag Revolt

a small group of American settlers in California rebelled against the Mexican government and proclaimed California an independent republic They made a crude flag for their new country that had a picture of a bear on it

Anglos

an American migrant inhabitant of Texas swore allegiance to the Mexican Constitution in 1824 Many continued to live as if they were in America by ignoring Mexican laws Began to see themselves as Texans instead of Americans frustrated by the actions of the Mexican government to control Texas

gold rush

officially began in 1849 Tens of thousands migrated to California of after extensive supplies of gold Those who went were known as "49ers"

Zachary Taylor

led American troops at the Nueces River

entrepreneurs

people who invest in and create buisnesses Followed after the growing population expanded westward if they were among the first to practice their trade in a new settlement they had a greater chance for success