US History Unit 8

People protesting to keep abortion legal at the Democratic National Convention in 1976. How did the counterculture of the 1960s and 70s influence women's rights in the second half of the twentieth century? A)Women were motivated by cultural changes to protest for equal treatment and more freedoms. B)Women became social and political equals to men during this time because so many Americans had progressive social ideas. C)Women became the main leaders of nearly all social movements because they gained experience working for their own equality. D)Women were forced to set aside their aspirations for more freedom because they felt the need to work for other types of social change.

A)Women were motivated by cultural changes to protest for equal treatment and more freedoms. During the 1960s, young Americans became interested in fighting to advance many different social issues. The civil rights movement and protests against the Vietnam War helped motivate people to work for social change. During this time, women were motivated by cultural changes to protest for equal treatment and more freedoms.

Young people were more likely than older people to protest the war in Vietnam in the 1960s and 1970s. Which reason describes the MOST LIKELY reason young people were more likely to oppose the war? A)Young men were being drafted and killed in large numbers, and young people in general saw the war as having a major negative effect on them. B)The older generation was in charge of starting the war, and young people wanted to find any way they could to rebel against the older generation. C)Young women were barred from serving in combat roles in the military, and young people thought the military should reform itself rather than fight overseas. D)The older generation did not understand people of other cultures as much as young people did, so the young people wanted to be in control of foreign policy.

A)Young men were being drafted and killed in large numbers, and young people in general saw the war as having a major negative effect on them. During the Vietnam War, young men were being drafted and killed in large numbers, and young people in general saw the war as having a major negative effect on them. Theories about political socialization point out that people are more likely to build their political beliefs around issues that most affect them. Young people opposed the war because it was directly affect their lives. This also explains why people's religion, race, and gender identity have such important impacts on their political beliefs.

"We are here... this evening because we are tired now. And we are determined here in Montgomery to work and fight until justice runs down like water, and righteousness like a mighty stream.There is never a time in our American democracy that we must ever think we are wrong when we protest. When labor all over this nation came to see that it would be trampled over by a capitalistic power, there was nothing wrong with labor getting together and organizing and protesting for its rights. And now we are reaching out for the daybreak of freedom and justice and equality." Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. December 5, 1955 According to Dr. King's speech, which form of protest is he MOST likely supporting? A)boycott B)marching C)picketing D)rioting

A)boycott This speech was given to motivate people involved in the Montgomery Bus Boycott of the mid-1950s. This peaceful economic demonstration was enormously successful, resulting in not only the end of discrimination in the cities busses but also in putting King into the national spotlight.

This protest took place in 1968 and was a reaction to A)the Vietnam War. B)the failure of the War on Poverty. C)the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. D)the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

A)the Vietnam War. Protests against the Vietnam War were common and widespread in the late 1960s and early 1970s. They definitely succeeded in at least elevating the discussion of the war to the forefront of the political agenda.

For the first time in 16 years, the Presidential Election of 1992 saw A)a landslide victory. B)a Democrat win the election. C)a third-party candidate for President. D)a woman was a candidate for Vice-President.

B)a Democrat win the election. Bill Clinton became the first Democrat to win the Presidential election since fellow Southerner Jimmy Carter won in 1976. Unlike Carter, Clinton was successful in his reelection bid.

How did the War Powers Act of 1973 impact the relationship between the President and the Legislative branch? A)The President's military powers increased while the Legislative branch lost power. B)The Speaker of the House acts like the Commander in Chief when the President is unable to fulfill that role. C)The President must inform Congress within 48 hours of sending troops into a hostile area without a declaration of war. D)When there is no declaration of war, troops can remain in hostile areas for an unlimited time without Congressional approval.

C)The President must inform Congress within 48 hours of sending troops into a hostile area without a declaration of war. The War Powers Act stipulated that the president must inform Congress within 48 hours of sending troops into a hostile area without a declaration of war. The Act also stipulated that the troops may remain there no longer than 90 days unless congressional approval is granted or war is declared.

How did the War Powers Act of 1973 impact the role of the president? A)The act provided the President unlimited funds for spending on the armed forces. B)The act increased the ability of the President to send troops into hostile areas. C)The act placed a limit on the President's ability to send troops into hostile areas. D)The act gave the President the authority to declare war without Congressional approval.

C)The act placed a limit on the President's ability to send troops into hostile areas. The War Powers Act of 1973 impacted the role of the President by limiting the President's ability to send troops into hostile areas. The President must notify Congress within 48 hours of sending troops into a hostile area without a declaration of war. Additionally, the troops may not remain in the hostile area for more than 90 days without Congressional approval or a declaration of war. Declaring war is an expressed power of Congress.

Which of these is the MOST significant impact of the wide availability of computers and high-speed internet connections since the start of the 21st century? A)an increase in television sales B)a decrease in college graduates C)more people teleworking from home D)renewed interest in the space program

C)more people teleworking from home As more people have gained access to computers and good internet connections, the business world has seen more people teleworking from home. This causes less fuel consumption, less traffic, less smog, and, often, happier workers. Plus, you can wear your pajamas and still get paid!

The drastic increase in American troop strength in Vietnam in 1964 was caused directly by A)the Tet Offensive. B)the Kennedy assassination. C)the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. D)the election of Richard Nixon.

C)the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. The drastic increase in American troop strength in Vietnam in 1964 was caused directly by the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. This was a controversial incident in which North Vietnam allegedly fired on American destroyers, causing President Johnson to increase U.S. presence in the region.

Riots erupted in April of 1968 as a reaction to A)the Tet Offensive in the Vietnam War. B)the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. C)the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. D)the failure of the "Great Society" programs.

C)the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. occurred on April 4, 1968, and sparked sadness and outrage throughout the country, with riots breaking out in over 60 cities in the United States. The assassination of Presidential candidate Robert Kennedy took place two months later.

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was approved by a joint session of Congress following the alleged unprovoked attack on a U.S. Navy ship off the coast of North Korea by a North Korean vessel. This excerpt is taken from which of these documents? A)Lend Lease Act B)Treaty of Paris C)The Containment Policy D)Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

D)Gulf of Tonkin Resolution The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was approved by a joint session of Congress following the alleged unprovoked attack on a U.S. Navy ship off the coast of North Korea by a North Korean vessel.

What provides the BEST evidence that the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was unconstitutional? A)President Lyndon Johnson faced impeachment proceedings because of its passage. B)It was declared unconstitutional in the landmark case C. Turner Joy v. the United States. C)College students across the nation staged "sit-in" protests to demonstrate against the resolution. D)It was replaced in 1973 by the War Powers Act, which placed limits on the president's power to wage war.

D)It was replaced in 1973 by the War Powers Act, which placed limits on the president's power to wage war. The best evidence that the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution violated the U.S. Constitution is that it was replaced in 1973 by the War Powers Act, which placed limits on the president's power to wage war. Only Congress has the power to declare war, and this act took some of that power back from the executive branch.

Which statement BEST describes this photograph? A)Segregation is Constitutionally protected. B)Integration should take place immediately. C)Transportation is important in the United States. D)People are protesting during the Civil Rights era.

D)People are protesting during the Civil Rights era. This is a photograph of people protesting during the Civil Rights era. The people shown were known as "Freedom Riders," who would ride segregated buses to protest discrimination in the transportation industry. Individual feelings about civil rights aside, this is the only objective description of the photograph.

What was the goal of President Lyndon B. Johnson's "Great Society" program? A)putting a man on the moon B)ending the Great Depression C)beginning the United Nations D)ending poverty and racial discrimination

D)ending poverty and racial discrimination The goal of Johnson's "Great Society" was to end poverty and racial discrimination. Many programs- such as Medicare and Medicaid- helped to lessen the suffering of many people then and now.

President Lyndon B. Johnson persuaded Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The primary purpose of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was to A)protect impoverished groups by banning the poll tax. B)implement affirmative action programs at the federal level. C)issue federal grants to businesses owned by minorities and women. D)prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, and national origin.

D)prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, and national origin. The primary purpose of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was to prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, and national origin. Citizens had the right to enter restaurants, restrooms, parks, etc.

The INF Treaty (1987) was signed by US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Chairman Mikhail Gorbachev and dealt with A)ending the Soviet Union. B)tearing down the Berlin Wall. C)declaring peace in the Cold War. D)reducing the nuclear arsenal of both countries.

D)reducing the nuclear arsenal of both countries. The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, made between the United States and the Soviet Union, was successful in reducing the nuclear arsenal of both countries. While it did not end the Cold War, it did call for each side to eliminate certain ground-launched missiles.

· First organized in 1960 at Shaw University in North Carolina. · Played a major role in the "sit-ins" and "freedom rides" of the Civil Rights era. · Organized voter registration drives across the South, especially in Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. · Served as the main organization for African American youth and young adults during the Civil Rights movement. Which Civil Rights era organization is being described by these statements? A)the Nation of Islam B)the Black Panther Party C)the Southern Christian Leadership Conference D)the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

D)the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee Originally designed to be a "youth division" for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee - or SNCC- sought to get college-aged African Americans more involved in the Civil Rights movement. As early as 1965, though, a leader said he didn't know "how much longer the group could stay nonviolent" in the fight for Civil Rights in America.

· Bernard Barker· Virgilio González · E. Howard Hunt, Jr.· G. Gordon Liddy · James W. McCord, Jr. · Eugenio Martínez · Frank Sturgis In 1972, these seven men were charged for their participation in A)the attack on the Vietnamese village of My Lai. B)the attempted assassination of President Gerald Ford. C)the attempt to cover-up the government's role in the Vietnam War. D)the break-in of Democratic National Headquarters at the Watergate Building.

D)the break-in of Democratic National Headquarters at the Watergate Building. These seven men were indicted for their role in the break-in of Democratic National Headquarters at the Watergate Building. Five of the seven were convicted of burglary in what eventually became part of the Watergate Scandal that would cost Nixon the Presidency and severely damage the public's faith in its democratic institutions.

Which of these is an accomplishment that LBJ- in the foreground- could boast as a comparison to that of FDR? A)Medicare B)Social Security C)"New Frontier" programs D)Brown v. Board of Education

A)Medicare Medicare was a program passed under the leadership of President Lyndon Johnson. It is a program providing health insurance for U.S. taxpayers 65 years and older who have worked and paid into the system through a payroll tax.

Which of these welfare programs provided preschool-aged children a government subsidized education? A)Head Start B)Schools First C)Boys and Girls Club D)TEACH Grant Program

A)Head Start In the Head Start program preschool-aged students are provided with federally subsidized educations. This program is intended to give students the boost they need to enter school fully prepared. The Boys and Girls Club offers afterschool programs, not preschool education. Schools First and the TEACH grant program provide afterschool activities and teacher education respectively.

· Russian-born novelist and philosopher. · Published The Fountainhead in 1943. · Published Atlas Shrugged in 1957. · Founded the philosophy of "Objectivism." · Was a frequent speaker at universities across the nation Which 1960s counter-culture personality is being described by these statements? A)Ayn Rand B)Grace Slick C)Betty Friedan D)Barbara Branden

A)Ayn Rand The Russian-born author Ayn Rand is best known for her novels The Fountainhead, Atlas Shrugged, and her philosophy of "Objectivism." According to Rand, her philosophy is based on "the concept of man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive achievement as his noblest activity, and reason as his only absolute."

"Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" - Ronald Reagan, 1987 In this Reagan quote, the "wall" to which the President refers was located in the divided city of A)Berlin. B)France. C)Korea. D)Moscow.

A)Berlin The Berlin Wall was- literally- a concrete symbol of the Cold War and the division between communist and non-communist Europe. President Reagan was urging the Russian leader to end this separation.

Which two entrepreneurs are considered technological rivals? A)Bill Gates and Steve Jobs B)Lee Iacocca and Jeff Bezos C)Ray Kroc and Andrew Carnegie D)Donald Trump and Michael Dell

A)Bill Gates and Steve Jobs Bill Gates and Steve Jobs are considered technological rivals. Bill Gates has created an operating system that works on personal computers (PCs) whereas Steve Jobs created a system that works on Macintosh computers (Mac).

The red question mark on the map stands for which event in the Vietnam War? A)The Gulf of Tonkin Incident B)The Battle of Khe Sahn C)The Battle of Da Nang D)The Fall of Saigon

A)The Gulf of Tonkin Incident The Gulf of Tonkin Incident involved the involved the alleged attack of North Vietnamese ships on the USS Maddox off the coast of North Vietnam. The incident led to a sharp increase in U.S. involvement in the region.

The "Tet Offensive" is associated with which event? A)Korean War B)Vietnam War C)The Berlin Wall D)Cuban Missile Crisis

B)Vietnam War The Tet Offensive took place in the Vietnam War. In early 1968, the North Vietnamese struck massively and simultaneously on the Vietnamese New Year, Tet. Even though American forces pushed back the offensive, it came as a shock to both the military and the US population.

The Presidential Election of 2008 resulted in a victory for which person? A)John McCain B)Barack Obama C)George W. Bush D)George H.W. Bush

B)Barack Obama The Election of 2008 resulted in a victory for Barack Obama. He became the 44th President of the United States and the first to be African American.

"You must pursue this investigation of Watergate even if it leads to the president. I'm innocent. You've got to believe me, I'm innocent. If you don't take my job." Richard Nixon, 1973 President Nixon made this statement during the investigation of what came to be known as the Watergate Scandal. What was the result of this investigation for President Nixon? A)He was cleared of any wrongdoing. B)Facing impeachment, he resigned from office. C)President Nixon lost his bid for re-election to Jimmy Carter. D)He was impeached, tried in the Senate, and removed from office.

B)Facing impeachment, he resigned from office. As the Watergate investigation revealed White House involvement, a bill of impeachment was introduced in the House of Representatives. Facing impeachment, he resigned from office. He is the only person ever to resign the presidency.

32)Which program did Lyndon B. Johnson support when he was President of the United States? A)New Deal B)Great Society C)United Nations D)Manifest Destiny

B)Great Society Lyndon B. Johnson was known for his Great Society program, which tried to improve education, health, and cities. It fought poverty and poverty, and helped to make sure people were not blocked from voting.

Opponents of this resolution argued that it was unconstitutional on what grounds? A)It took away judicial powers. B)It gave too much power to the President. C)It increased the power of the President's cabinet. D)It violated the 25th Amendment to the Constitution.

B)It gave too much power to the President. Opponents of this resolution - the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- argued that it was unconstitutional based on the fact that it gave too much power to the President. The power to declare war is given explicitly to Congress in Article I of the U.S. Constitution. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution skirted this responsibility, stating "the Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression."

Which of these statements is true about the "Iran-Contra" affair? A)Impeachment proceedings on President Reagan began in 1986. B)Money from the exchange was used in covert operations in Nicaragua. C)Lt. Col. Oliver North was sentenced to sixteen years in prison for lying to Congress. D)it was a major factor in Jimmy Carter's loss to Ronald Reagan in the 1980 presidential election.

B)Money from the exchange was used in covert operations in Nicaragua. The Iran-Contra Affair involved illegal and covert arms shipments to Iran in exchange for the release of hostages in the Middle East and massive monetary payments- which were then diverted to fund anti-communist forces in Nicaragua. Thus, the statement that money from the exchange was used in covert operations in Nicaragua is the best answer.

Important Events in the Civil Rights Movement Lunch Counter Sit-ins Civil Rights Act of 1964 ___?___ Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. According to this timeline, which event below should go in the blank provided? A)Freedom Riders B)Voting Rights Act C)Montgomery Bus Boycott D)Brown v. Board of Education

B)Voting Rights Act The Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965, placing it between the Civil Rights Act and the assassination of Dr. King (1968).

"Whereas naval units of the Communist regime in Vietnam, in violation of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and of international law, have deliberately and repeatedly attacked United States naval vessels lawfully present in international waters, and have thereby created a serious threat to international peace; and Whereas these attacks are part of a deliberate and systematic campaign of aggression that the Communist regime in North Vietnam has been waging against its neighbors and the nations joined with them in the collective defense of their freedom... Now, therefore, be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That the Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression." Based on this 1964 resolution, what provoked Congress to authorize President Johnson's use of military force against the North Vietnamese? A)the bombing of the United States Embassy in Saigon B)attacks against United States Navy ships in international waters C)North Vietnam's declaration of war against the US, who supported South Vietnam D)terrorist attacks against the United States Navy and Marines in San Diego harbor.

B)attacks against United States Navy ships in international waters On August 2, 1964, two United States Navy destroyers were torpedoed by North Vietnamese vessels. Because of these attacks against United States Navy ships in international waters, President Johnson ordered the launching of retaliatory air strikes on the bases of the North Vietnamese boats and the Gulf of Tonkin resolution was passed on August 10th.

The election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 was due in part to the mobilization of the "New Right," conservatives who tended to focus more on A)military issues. B)cultural issues. C)economic issues. D)procedural issues.

B)cultural issues. The "New Right" more concerned with cultural issues than previous generations of conservatives had been. Matters such as homosexuality, marriage, and race relations now became important topics amongst conservative voters and politicians.

In 1983 which nation did the US invade in order to prevent it from becoming communist and to protect American medical students living there? A)Cuba B)Brazil C)Grenada D)Afghanistan

C)Grenada Grenada was invaded by US soldiers on October 25, 1983. The invasion was supported by most American people but condemned by other nations such as the United Kingdom and Canada. The invasion was successful.

This map shows the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Which statement BEST describes the Ho Chi Minh Trail? A)It was an escape path for people out of North and South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. B)It was used extensively by the United States to use guerrilla warfare against North Vietnam. C)It was used by North Vietnam to get weapons and troops into South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. D)It was used by South Vietnam to get weapons and troops into North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.

C)It was used by North Vietnam to get weapons and troops into South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. The Ho Chi Minh Trail was used by North Vietnam to get weapons and troops into South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. It proved effective in planning the Tet Offensive in 1968. The United States attempted to disrupt it by striking into Cambodia, even though the war was not to be carried into Cambodia.

The achievement of the desegregation of schools was primarily attained through A)executive order. B)checks and balances. C)Supreme Court decisions. D)constitutional amendment.

C)Supreme Court Decisions. The Executive and Legislative Branches have long been reluctant to act on laws that might jeopardize their re-election hopes. Federal court judges and Supreme Court justices are not elected (they are appointed by the President and approved by the Senate), so they have been able to rule in ways that have allowed greater equality and access to rights regardless of race. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke (1978) are two such examples.

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education? A)Both cases addressed the need for due process of law. B)Both cases dealt with the rights of minors in schools. C)The Brown decision overturned the Plessy decision. D)The Brown case was a precedent for the Plessy case.

C)The Brown decision overturned the Plessy decision. In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was unconstitutional.

33)Which of these was MOST impacted by Johnson's "Great Society" programs? A)space exploration B)stock market reform C)insurance for the disadvantaged D)defense spending to stop communism

C)insurance for the disadvantaged "The Great Society" was LBJ's attempt to expand many of the types of social reform initiated during FDR's "New Deal." It offered programs for the arts and education, as well as insurance for the disadvantaged (Medicaid and Medicare).

"Your imagination, your initiative, and your indignation will determine whether we build a society where progress is the servant of our needs, or a society where old values and new visions are buried under unbridled growth. For in your time we have the opportunity to move not only toward the rich society and the powerful society, but upward to the Great Society. The Great Society rests on abundance and liberty for all. It demands an end to poverty and racial injustice, to which we are totally committed in our time. But that is just the beginning. The Great Society is a place where every child can find knowledge to enrich his mind and to enlarge his talents. It is a place where leisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect, not a feared cause of boredom and restlessness. It is a place where the city of man serves not only the needs of the body and the demands of commerce but the desire for beauty and the hunger for community." - Presidential remarks at the University of Michigan, May 22, 1964 Which phrase from the address BEST reflects a liberal viewpoint? A)"old values" B)"demands of commerce" C)"the powerful society" D)"hunger for community"

D)"hunger for community" The concept of the Great Society as outlined in this address marks a liberal shift in the federal government. Phrases such as "hunger for community" demonstrate the liberal viewpoint that all people should share and cooperate.

What valid generalization can be made based on the information in this timeline? A)The 1950s was the most turbulent decade of the entire Civil Rights Movement. B)The Civil Rights Movement was restricted to the southern part of the United States. C)Were it not for the Birmingham bombing, the March on Washington wouldn't have occurred. D)A significant civil rights event occurred during each of the first five years of the 1960s.

D)A significant civil rights event occurred during each of the first five years of the 1960s. The valid generalization that can be made based on the information in the timeline is that a significant civil rights event occurred during each of the first five years of the 1960s. None of the other statements are valid generalizations.

TITLE II--INJUNCTIVE RELIEF AGAINST DISCRIMINATION IN PLACES OF PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION SEC. 201. (a) All persons shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, and privileges, advantages, and accommodations of any place of public accommodation, as defined in this section, without discrimination or segregation on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origin. - Civil Rights Act of 1964 According to this law, which situation would be illegal? A)Attending a summer camp for people of a specific faith. B)Deciding to attend a church that has only Caucasian members. C)Being allowed to have a special parking space at the mall because of a physical condition. D)Being forced to sit in a special section of a doctor's waiting room solely because of your race.

D)Being forced to sit in a special section of a doctor's waiting room solely because of your race. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination based on many factors. Therefore, "being forced to sit in a special section of a doctor's waiting room solely because of your race" would be illegal. People are still allowed to attend functions that are purely voluntary- for example, churches or religious institutions- but discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin is NOT permitted in public places.

In this political cartoon, President Lyndon Baines Johnson is addressing the portrait of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Which statement BEST describes the artist made this comparison? A)Both inherited economic depressions from their predecessors. B)Both were presidents during a widely unpopular war. C)Both were elected to at least two terms in office. D)Both initiated large-scale social programs.

D)Both initiated large-scale social programs. Both LBJ & FDR initiated large-scale social programs. For FDR, Social Security was the mainstay that exists to this very day. LBJ's "Great Society" programs are known for "Medicare" and "Medicaid," among other things.

President Nixon's pledged to end the Vietnam War through "Vietnamization." Which statement BEST describes this policy? A)to give financial support to the North Vietnamese if they would surrender B)to threaten to use nuclear weapons on the North Vietnamese if they did not surrender C)to force the South Vietnamese to surrender if the North Vietnamese would turn over all POW's D)to turn the war over to the South Vietnamese by gradually withdrawing US troops but still sending financial support

D)to turn the war over to the South Vietnamese by gradually withdrawing US troops but still sending financial support President Nixon's pledged to end the Vietnam War through "Vietnamization". This policy is best described as to turn the war over to the South Vietnamese by gradually withdrawing US troops but still sending financial support . As Americans grew weary of the war, President Nixon wanted to get U.S. troops out of the war but promised to send more aid, weapons and training so the South Vietnamese could continue fighting.