Vett 113 Small Animal Diseases

Infection with Canine Parvo can result in death due to which of the following? (Check all that apply)

*****incorrect -Destruction of intestinal cells which allows bacteria from the intestinal tract to enter the body (septicemia = bacteremia) -seizures -Overwhelming infection of the respiratory tract which can lead to pneumonia -Diarrhea and vomiting can lead to dehydration and shock

Which of the following are examples of superficial mycoses? (Check all that apply)

*****wrong -Blastomycosis Cryptococcosis -Malassezia -Dermatophytosis

Which of the following are examples of internal parasites? (Check all that apply)

****partial credit roundworm hookworm ringworm

***The level of disease occurence where the disease is found at a fairly constant, low incident rate in a group / population of animals is termed:

*not epidemic endemic notifiable

An epidemiologist is concerned about which of the following? (Check all that apply)

-Analysis of data for the population -population -Occurence of disease in a population -Control and Prevention of disease in a population

Which of the following are host defense factors that help protect against infection with pathogenic and opportunistic fungi? (Check all that apply)

-Fatty acid content of the skin -Normal flora -Normal body temperature of the animal -Physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes

Which of the following describe an enveloped virus? (Check all that apply)

-Has an external membrane coat, with a lipid composition, surrounding the capsid -Are generally easily destroyed with commonly used disinfectants. -Has a protein capsid

Anyone can develop an infection from an animal bite wound but people in the following categories are at an increased risk. (Check all that apply.)

-Have diabetes, circulatory problems, liver disease, alcoholism, or HIV/AIDS -Have had your spleen removed -Taking chemotherapy or long term steroids -Have had a mastectomy or an organ transplant

Which of the following are ways that the normal flora protect animals from disease? (Check all that apply)

-Lower pH of their surroundings so that other bacterial can't grow -help boost the immune system -Compete and crowd out pathogenic bacteria -Production of compounds that kill other bacteria

What are the characteristics of a virus? (Click all that apply)

-Not considered to be a living organism -May or may not have an envelope around the capsid -Much smaller than bacteria and require an electron microscope to visualize -Obligate intracellular parasite

Which of the following are accurate descriptions regarding fomites? (Check all that apply)

-can be disinfected -Any contaminated object that may be a source of an infection. -A new rock group -Is considered to be the cause of indirect contact transmission of pathogens.

Which of the following are accurate descriptions of Canine Coronavirus? (Check all that apply)

-caused by a virus -Clinical signs of Corona infection alone are usually very mild. Severe signs may occur when the animal is infected with both Corona and Parvo viruses. -Route of transmission if fecal-oral -Infection is confined to the intestines and vomiting and diarrhea are the most common signs

Which of the following are characteristics of cat bite wounds? (Check all that apply)

-deep penetration into tissue/bones -up to 80% of bites become infected -puncture wounds

Which of the following are things that may be seen in a dog with Canine Distemper? (Check all that apply)

-fever -neurological signs -Subclinical or asymptomatic infection -lethargy -Mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharge

Viruses may be transmitted in various ways. Depending upon the virus, transmission may occur by which of the following routes? (Click all that apply)

-ingestion -inhalation -sexual transmission -vectors

Which of the following can be used to help prevent viral infections? (Click all that apply)

-vaccination -proper nutrition and hygiene -reduction of stress -Screening and quarantine of new animals

When studying diseases, some of the things that epidemiologists look at include: (Click all that apply)

Animals affected clinical signs location of cases of disease risk factors factors in common between affected animals

Animal and human saliva is heavily contaminated with:

Bacteria

A pandemic refers to:

Epidemics that spread to several countries / new continents (worldwide), which affect large number of animals/people

The study of the cause, incidence, source, method of transmission, and distribution of disease in a population is termed:

Epidemiology

The cause of a disease or disorder is known as the _____________.

Etiology

A systemic infection occurs when the microbe enters the body and is confined to a specific area.

False

An animal infected with a pathogen can transmit the pathogen to a susceptible host only after clinical signs of the disease develop.

False

PPE stands for Pet Protective Equipment.

False

An inanimate object that can become contaminated with a pathogen which can then be carried to a susceptible host is called a/an:

Fomite

Inanimate objects that can become contaminated with a pathogen and can then be responsible for transmitting the pathogen to a susceptible host are called ___________.

Fomites

The chemical _____________ is commonly used in "cold sterilization" trays to sterilize hand instruments. It can be harmful to other living organisms and you should always wash your hands after handling and keep trays covered to minimize evaporation.

Glutaraldehyde

This photo shows an example of a _______________ bacterium.

Gram positive cocci

Factors such as age of animal, lifestyle, concurrent diseases, and stress are know as__________.

Host risk factors

Two of the most important medical treatments for Canine Parvo are:

IV fluids to replace fluid loss and antibiotics to reduce bacteria that have entered the body via damaged intestinal cells

Which of the following may be seen with bite wounds? (Check all that apply)

Inflammation of tissue and regional lymph nodes within a couple hours after a bite Erythema Pain Swelling (all of the above)

This upper respiratory disease of dogs may be caused by viruses or bacteria, plus other predisposing environmental factors. This disease is self limiting, usually lasting for less than 2 weeks.

Kennel cough

The type of infection where microbes can remain in the host for months to years and can multiply and cause disease at a later time is called a __________ infection:

Latent

What should you ALWAYS do after being bitten by an animal in the clinic? (Check all that apply)

Make a note of the incident on the animal's record Report the injury to the practice manager / veterinarian Cleanse the wound with an antiseptic solution like iodine Thoroughly wash the wound with soap and water (all of the above)

What is the common progression of disease (in order from entry to exit)?

Microbe encountered, entry into body, spreads in body, multplies, disease, exit

Bacteria are:

Microscopic, single-celled organisms; only some are pathogenic

The term that describes an illness or abnormal condition is:

Morbidity

By law, certain diseases must be reported to health officials at the local, state, or federal levels and these diseases are labeled as:

Notifiable diseases

The term ______________ describes a bacterium that has an absolute requirement for oxygen in order to survive and reproduce.

Obligate aerobe

An epidemic is a/an:

Occurrence of more cases of disease than would normally be expected in a population: an increase in cases

Infections caused by fungi that are not true pathogens - because they can cause life-threatening systemic disease only in immunosuppressed patients are called ____________.

Opportunistic mycoses

The term that denotes a relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of the other organism (the host) is _______________.

Parasitism

A / an ______________ wound is one where the tooth penetrates the skin and can seed bacteria deep into the wound, with the skin sealing over the wound.

Puncture

A viral disease, which is almost always fatal, that is spread primarily through contact with an infected animal's saliva via bite wounds is:

Rabies

The stage of a disease where the clinical signs decrease and the animal begins to recover from the infection is the:

Recovery phase

The term ___________ refers to bacteria with a spiral or "corkscrew" type shape.

Spirochete

The term that describes a case where an animal is infected but no clinical signs are present is:

Subclinical or asymptomatic

In bacteriology, the term normal flora is best defined as:

The microbes indigenous to a given organ system such as the skin or the gastrointestinal system

In addition to the tissue damage caused by animal bites, another potential cost associated with bites is Rabies prevention (Post-exposure treatment).

True

Localized infection occurs when the microbe enters the body and is confined to a specific area.

True

Not all infectious diseases can be transmitted between animals.

True

Some microbes require direct contact for transmission of an infectious disease as they are short-lived outside of the host.

True

The Genus name of organisms is always capitalized.

True

The species name of organisms is not capitalized.

True

Infectious Canine Hepatitis is usually transmitted via contact with infected:

Urine

What bodily fluids from an infected animal may contain pathogenic organisms? (Check all that apply)

Urine Feces Ocular discharge Saliva Blood Respiratory secretions

A living organism that does not itself cause disease but serves to transmit an infectious organism from one host to another is called a/an:

Vector

Fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, and flies can transmit infectious organisms from one host to another and are known as:

Vectors

Most vaccines protect against _______ infections.

Viral

An microorganism that is not a cell, has no independent metabolic activity and can only replicate within a cell of an animal or plant is a:

Virus

Infectious Tracheobronchitis is commonly caused by a co-infection with a/an:

Virus and Bacterium

Infectious diseases that can be passed from animals to humans are called:

Zoonotic diseases

The disease which is also known as "old dog encephalitis" is:

distemper

The majority of animal bites are from _________ and ___________ are the most frequent victims.

dogs, children

The level of disease occurence where the disease is found at a higher rate than would normally be expected in a population is termed: (This is also known as an outbreak in a population)

epidemic

___________ are organisms that are quite complex and have a true nucleus (which contains the genetic material) surrounded by a membrane. Organisms in this group include fungi, animal and plant cells.

eukaryotes

Common names of organisms are the same worldwide.

false

Epidemiology only studies infectious diseases.

false

Infectious diseases is the only mechanism or category of disease.

false

Viruses are considered to be alive.

false

Pathogens may be transmitted by which of the following routes? (Check all that apply)

fecal-oral vector-borne droplets or aerosols fomites direct contact

Ringworm is a type of

fungal infection

This photo shows an example of a _______________ bacterium, seen between several white blood cells.

gram positive baccilli

Which of the following are hazards that you may be exposed to in the veterinary practice? (Check all that apply)

harmful chemicals, animal bites & scratches, radiation, exposure to zoonotic diseases (all of the above)

The infectious disease which usually causes self-limiting clinical signs of coughing, is highly infectious, and is commonly seen where dogs are housed in close contact is:

kennel cough

Animal bite wounds are classified into 3 groups. These groups are: (Check all that apply)

lacerations, punctures, avulsions

Herpes virus and Feline Calicivirus, are examples of pathogens that can remain dormant in a host for weeks to years and may cause disease to develop if the animal is stressed are immunocompromised. This is known as a / an ___________ infection.

latent

A disease that is cause by health care personnel or by their treatment is known as a / an __________ disease

latrogenic

The type of vector that only serves to physically transport microbes from host to host. (Example is flies carrying microbes on its legs and contaminating food and water.)

mechanical

Which of the following are vectors? (Check all that apply)

mosquitoes ticks fleas flies

An infection that is acquired in a medical facility is known as a / an _____________ infection.

nosocomial

Bite-associated infections may result in which of the following:(Check all that apply)

pain, swelling, redness, infection of the blood (all of the above)

The level of disease occurence where the disease has spread to several countries/continents and which affects large numbers of animals/people is termed: (An example is influenza)

pandemic

Infectious disease mechanisms include which of the following? (Check all that apply)

parasites bacterial protozoal

_____________ are organisms that are relatively simple cells that do not have a true nucleus (instead, the genetic material found loose within the cell). An example is a bacterium.

prokaryotes

Some bacteria will take up Gram stain depending upon the makeup of their cell wall. A Gram Positive bacterium will appear ___________ under the microscope.

purple/blue

Some bacteria will take up Gram stain depending upon the makeup of their cell wall. A Gram Negative bacterium will appear ___________ under the microscope.

red/pink

The term that describes the orderly classification of organisms into groups and assigns a scientific name to an organism is:

taxonomy

Systemic infection occurs when the microbe spreads throughout the body, usually in the bloodstream.

true

When an animal is given an antibiotic, this may disturb the normal flora and predispose an animal to other infections.

true

Infectious Canine Hepatitis is caused by a:

virus