VFC Artificial Intelligence

F.Nietzsche "superhuman"

- nihilism ubermench: man transcends himself to a higher being

Turing Test

A behavioural approach to determining whether a computer system is intelligent.

Brute force searching

A computer searching or looking for the best answer/decision.

Semantic Network

A knowledge representation technique that represents the relationships among objects .

Android

A robot that looks exactly like a human

Search Tree

A structure that represents alternatives in adversarial situations, such as game playing.

Who does AI?

Psychology Philosophy Linguistics Biology (PPLB)

example of agent

SIRI

Depth-first Approach

Searching down the paths of a tree prior to searching across levels.

1997 Gary Kasparaov defeated in chess by

Deep Blue (made by Big Blue who owns IBM)

1965 Joseph Weizenbaum

ELIZA- first chatterbot

Effective Weight

In an artificial neuron, the sum of the weights multiplied by the corresponding input values.

Inference Engine

The software that processes rules to draw conclusions.

Goal

The solution that the Prolog program is trying to reach or prove correct.

Turning test

a test to see if a computer is intelligent or not

We are moving from being creators of machine intelligence to creators of

intelligent machines

Definition of agent

used to combine info about individuals on the net

Hardest movement for robot

walking

Strong Equivalence

The equality of two systems based on their results and the process by which they arrive at those results.

Where did recognition software originate?

casino industry

18th Century Wolfgang von Kempelen

chess playing machine The Turk

1956 John McCarthy

coins "artificial intelligence"

20th century Karel Kapek

coins the word "robot"

Current decade is era of

ubiquitous

Chatbot

A program designed to carry on a conversation with a human user.

Chatterbot

A robot that is capable of talking to you. I Fear the Day That Technology Will Surpass Our Human Interaction.The world will have a generation of idiots- Albert Einstein

Rule-based System

A software system based on a set of if-then rules.

Expert System

A software system based on the knowledge of human experts.

Alorithm

A step-by-step procedure for calculations. Robots use this as well as your house hold computer to come to a decision or answer.

Simple things that are hard

Face recognition Understanding what someone says Navigating a busy street (FUN)

Natural Language

Languages that humans use to communicate, such as English.

4 Current applications

Learning software Agents Robotics Games (LARG)

Natural language processing

Natural-language-generation systems convert information from computer databases into normal-sounding human language. Natural-language-understanding systems convert samples of human language into more formal representations that are easier for computer programs to manipulate.

1978 Herb Simon

Nobel Prize- brought legitimacy to field of AI

Syllogisms

Provides patterns for argument structures that always yielded correct conclusions when given correct premises—for example, "Socrates is a man; all men are mortal; therefore, Socrates is mortal.",

Intelligent robots

Robots that can understand and solve problems as well as understand some form of communication. We are not as smart as these robots, but how are they smarter than us when we make them.

Breadth-first Approach

Searching across levels of a tree prior to searching down specific paths.

1950's-60's Masterman at Cambridge

create semantic nets that do mechanical translation --> precursor to google translate

What are doctors at Cleveland Clinic doing?

deep brain stimulation(DBS) brain pacemaker

What types of patients do they treat (using DBS)?

depression, Parkinson's, brain injury

Key for the future of robots is that they display

emotions

1642 Pascal

first mechanical calculator

Simple is the __ and __ is the simplest

hardest

16th century Rabbi Loew

invents Golem, clay man created in our image

Palo Alto scientist compares AI to

loaded gun

90's were the era of

networks (www)

80's were the era of

personal computers

1985 ALVINN

precursor to Google car (navigated across US autonomously?)

What is narrow AI?

programs that operate at human levels and do it better

biometric

retina & fingerprint scan

We are moving from the age of "scientific discovery" to the age of

scientific mastery

Expert system shell

software used to create expert systems

Searching

technique for computer to consider all possible solutions. your computer that you use daily does this and you do not even know

cyborg

the boundary between man and machine is blurring

30 mil people spend __hrs per wk in virtual worlds

20

Natural Language Processing

A field of computer science and linguistics concerned with the interactions between computers and human languages.

Machine Learning

A scientific discipline concerned with the design and development of algorithms that allow computers to evolve behaviors based on empirical data, such as from sensor data or databases.

Machine learning

A scientific discipline concerned with the design and development of algorithms that allow computers to evolve behaviors based on empirical data, such as from sensor data or databases. facts: we are now able to teach a metal machine this is scary

Subgoal

A subgoal is a goal set up by a problem solver in an attempt to solve another goal.

What are the 2 definitions of AI?

-a robot which acts, feels, and functions like a human -a software that has human-like intelligence

Alan Turing & Turing Test

-broke Nazi code in WWII -test to tell if who you are talking to online is a person or robot

2 ethical concerns of recognition software?

-invasion of privacy -false hits

Isaac Asimov's Rules of Robotics

1. A robot shall never harm a human being 2. A robot shall obey a human being (if not contradictory w/law 1) 3. A robot shall protect itself (if not contradictory w/laws 1 &/or 2)

Computer technology capability doubles every

18 months

Artificial Neural Network

A computer representation of knowledge that attempts to mimic the neural networks of the human body.

Computer Vision

A field that includes methods for acquiring, processing, analysing, and understanding images and, in general, high-dimensional data from the real world in order to produce numerical or symbolic information.

Loebner Prize

The first formal instantiation of the Turing test, held annually

Artificial intelligence

The intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it.

Cognitive Science

The interdisciplinary field of cognitive science brings together computer models from AI and experimental techniques from psychology to construct precise and testable theories of the human mind.

Voiceprint

The plot of frequency changes over time representing the sound of human speech.

Training

The process of adjusting the weights and threshold values in a neural net to get a desired outcome.

Phonemes

The set of fundamental sounds made in any given natural language.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The study of computer systems that model and apply the intelligence of the human mind.

Turing Test

This was designed to provide a satisfactory operational definition of intelligence.

Knowledge Representation (KR)

Translation of information into symbols to facilitate inferencing from those information elements, and the creation of new elements of information.

3 examples of robotics

Trilobite vacuum Industrial Robots Bionics (TIRB)

Natural Language Comprehension

Using a computer to apply a meaningful interpretation to human communication.

Voice Synthesis

Using a computer to create the sound of human speech.

Voice Recognition

Using a computer to recognize the words spoken by a human.

4 examples of recognition software

Voice Facial Retina Fingerprint

Rational Agent

Within artificial intelligence, a __________ is one that maximizes its expected utility, given its current knowledge.

Robot

a machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically, esp. one programmable by a computer.

Claws

a physical feature of the robot, or hands any physical feature on a robot is controlled by the computer

Computer

an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. Someday eventually we will be laying not having to day anything everything will be done by a computer.

1969 moving robot

Shakey (movement, perception, and problem solving)

(19th century)

(Charles Babbage & Lady Lovelace programmable mechanical computers)

Automated Reasoning

An area of computer science and mathematical logic dedicated to understand different aspects of thinking.

Intelligent Agent

An autonomous entity which observes through sensors and acts upon an environment using actuators and directs its activity towards achieving goals.

Neuron

An electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information by electrical and chemical signaling we will no longer need these someday as they will be made artificially one day.

Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence is technology and a branch of computer science that studies andThe sad thing about artificial intelligence is that it lacks artifice and therefore intelligence. Jean Baudrillard

Strong artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence that matches or exceeds human intelligence — the intelligence of a machine that can successfully perform any intellectual task that a human being can. Also referred to as "artificial general intelligence" or as the ability to perform "general intelligent action.

Expert systems

Software designed to make the same decisions that a human expert would, in a given knowledge domain.

Knowledge-based System

Software that uses a specific set of information.

3 gameplayers

The Turk, Deep Blue, Watson

Human intelligence

The ability to retain knowledge, solve problems and communicate. Our knowledge these days is being passed up by computers which can process an answer in a mili second

Referential Ambiguity

The ambiguity created when pronouns could be applied to multiple objects.

Syntactic Ambiguity

The ambiguity created when sentences can be constructed in various ways.

Lexical Ambiguity

The ambiguity created when words have multiple meanings.

Robotics

The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacture and application of autonomous machines and computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing

Weak Equivalence

The equality of two systems based on their results.