Visible body ch. 7-11

If you were explaining long bone formation to a friend who does not understand the process, which of the following would you likely include in your explanation?

Blood vessels penetrate the hyaline cartilage and deliver osteoblasts, which lay down bone material.

From superior to inferior, which of the following lists the sections of the vertebral column in the correct order?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

Which of the following explains the difference between the structure of compact bone and spongy bone?

Compact bone tissue is made up of structural units called osteons, whereas spongy bone tissue is made up of a lattice of struts called trabeculae.

Which of the following lists the layers of a long bone from exterior to interior?

Compact bone, spongy bone, medullary cavity, bone marrow

Which of the following accurately compares endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification?

Endochondral ossification is the process in which hyaline cartilage is replaced with bone and grows, whereas intramembranous ossification is the process of flat bones developing from connective tissue.

Which statements best describes the terms "false" and "floating" as associated with ribs?

False ribs have cartilages attached to the cartilage of the rib above which extends to the sternum; whereas, floating ribs have no coastal cartilage.

If your instructor asked you to list the bones of the lower limb, from thigh to foot, which of the following would be the correct order?

Femur, patella, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

If your instructor asked you to list the cranial bones from anterior to posterior, which of the following would be correct?

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, parietal, temporal, occipital

How does the sacrum differ in the male and female body?

In the female, the sacrum is shorter and wider than in the male and directed more obliquely backward, increasing the size of the pelvic cavity.

Which of the following accurately compares the different types of bone cells?

Osteoblasts synthesize bone matrix, osteoclasts break down bone matrix, and osteocytes maintain bone tissue structure.

If you were explaining flat bone formation to a friend who does not understand the process, all of the following would likely be included in your explanation except

Osteoclasts cluster together, secrete bone matrix, and develop into osteocytes.

If you were giving an oral report on bone repair, all of the following would be points in your presentation except

Osteocytes transform the fibrocartilaginous callus into bone.

If a friend asked you to explain osteoporosis, which of the following might be a point you would make?

Osteoporosis is a condition in which overall tissue loss within bones results in bone pain, tenderness, and weakened and brittle bones.

Which of the cranial bones is connected to all four major skull sutures?

Parietal bones

Which of the following lists the auditory ossicles, from inner to outer?

Stapes, incus, malleus

If you were giving an oral report on the facial skeleton, which of the following details would you likely include?

The 14 bones of the facial skeleton form the entrances to the respiratory and digestive tracts.

If you were explaining the atlas to a friend, you might include all of the following points except

The atlas is the second of the cervical vertebrae.

Which of the following accurately compares the male and female pelvis?

The female pelvic brim is larger and wider than the male pelvic brim.

How does the female's thoracic cage differ from that of the male?

The female's thoracic cage has a lesser capacity, and the sternum is shorter and higher.

If you were explaining the purpose of the foramina of the skull to a friend, which of the following would you likely include in your explanation?

The foramina are holes that allow for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and the spinal cord.

Which of the following is a difference between the shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle?

The pelvic girdle is rigid, whereas the shoulder girdle is light and capable of great mobility.

Which of the following accurately compares the radius and ulna?

The radius is smaller and thinner than the ulna.

All of the following are similarities between the radius in the forearm and the fibula in the leg except

The radius is the longest bone in the arm, and the fibula is the longest bone in the leg.

If you were explaining the location of the skull sutures to a friend, you would likely include all of the following except

The sagittal suture is between the temporal and parietal bones.

If your instructor asked you to list the distal and proximal carpal bones, which of the following would be an accurate list?

The trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate are distal carpal bones, whereas the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform are proximal carpal bones.

If your instructor asked you to compare the structure of the upper and lower extremities, which of the following might you say?

The upper and lower extremities have a similar structure, with a large bone articulating with two smaller bones via a joint.

If your friend asked you to explain the ligaments of the spine that support and reinforce the joints of the vertebral column, your explanation might include all of the following points except

The vertebral bodies are connected by the alar ligaments and the transverse ligament of the atlas.

Which of the following statements accurately compares yellow and red bone marrow?

Yellow bone marrow consists mostly of fat, whereas red bone marrow contains blood cells.

if you were explaining to a friend how the wrist joint moves, you would include all of the following motions in your explanation except

abduction

which of the following most accurately distinguishes ball-and-socket joints from other types of synovial joints

ball-and-socket joints have the greatest range of motion

which of the following is a similarity between long bones and short bones

both are found only in the appendicular skeleton

all of the following are long bones except

carpals

which part of the spine includes the atlas and axis

cervical spine

which vertebrae typically contain transverse foramina

cervical vertebrae

the joint between the radius and the carpal bones is an examples of a -------- joint

condyloid

a long bone consists of a shaft or -------- and a(n) ---------- at each end

diaphysis, epiphysis

which bone is part of the orbit and the nasal septum

ethmoid

yellow bone marrow consists mostly of

fat

in the process of bone repair, ------ penetrate the area and build a callus that bridges the broken bone

fibroblasts

which of the following is an accurate comparison between flat bones and long bones

flat bones protect internal organs, whereas long bones absorb stress and support body weight

which of the following motions are associated with hinge joints

flexion and extension

if a friend asked you to explain the different types of synarthroses, which of the following might be included in your explanation

gomphxses are immovable fibrous joints between the teeth and the mandible or maxilla

which of the following joints is a ball-and-socket joint

hip joint

in ------ fractures, one end of a broken bone is driven into the other end

impacted

re bone marrow is found in all of the following except

in the medullary cavity of long bones

as people age degeneration of the articular cartilage is most common in all of the following joints except -------

intervertebral joints

the formation of flat bone from connective tissue occurs through the process of

intramembranous ossification

the pelvic bones are ----- bones

irregular

which of the following differentiates irregular bones from the other types of bones

irregular bones do not have easily characterized shapes

the tibia and fibula are -------- bones

long

if you were describing the nones in the hand to a friend which two types of bones would your description include

long and short bones

which bone is not part of the eye orbit

mandible

which of the following facial bones is the only movable bone(s) in the skull

mandible

which cranial bone is supported by the vertebral column and articulates with the atlas in a way that allows for rotation of the head

occipital

if you were explaining osteoarthritis to a friend who does not understand this condition, which of the following would you likely include in your explanation

osteoarthritis occurs when articular cartilage degenerates, causing pain and inflammation

during long bone formation, ------- lay down material, replacing ---------

osteoblasts, hyaline cartilage

compact bone tissue is made up of structural units called

osteons

which of the following is a sesamoid bone

patella

Which of the following is a type of bone that is present in both the upper and lower limbs?

phalanges

all of the following are types of bones in the skeleton except

regular bones

Which of the following is a bone found in the shoulder girdle?

scapula

if you were explaining the shapes of the various types of bones, which of the following would you include in your explanation

sesamoid bones are small and round

which of the following is a flat bone

sternum

all of the following are synovial joints except ----------

suture joints

intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous pads that connect the vertebrae also known as -------

symphyses

an immobile joint is also known as a ------- joint

synarthrosis

which of the following is a difference between syndesmoses and symphyses

syndesmoses are fibrous joints, whereas symphyses are cartilaginous joints

a ------ is a joint where a ligament connects two bones, allowing for a little movement

syndesmosis

if you were explaining the structure of synovial joints to a friend, which of the following might you say

synovial joints are characterized by the presence of an articular capsule between the two joined bones, often supported by surrounding ligaments

which of the following are short bones

tarsals

all of the following are part of the axial skeleton except

the arm

if you were explaining how the various types of bones provide protection to other body structures, your explanation might include all of the following except

the cranial bones are sesamoid bones that protect the brain

if you were discussing the characteristics fo sesamoid bones, which of the following would you include in your discussion

the develop inside tendons

all of the following are synovial joints except ------

the distal joint between the tibia and fibula

the vertebral column consists of all of the following except

the hyoid

which of the following is an example of synchrondosis

the joint between the first pari of ribs and the sternum

if you were explaining sutures to a friend who is unfamiliar with this type of joint, you should include all of the following points except

the most prominent suture is the joint connecting the mandible to the temporal bone

which of the following is a way that joints can be classified

the range of movement provided

if your instructor asked you to explain why thumbs are opposable, which of the following might you say

the thumbs saddle joint lets it cross over the palm, making it opposable

if a friend asked you to explain the function of specific flat bone, your explanation might include all of the following except

the vertebrae protect the spinal cord

which of the following is a similarity between the carpal joints and the tarsal joints

they are both gliding joints

which of the following is true of short bones

they are cube-shaped, being approximately equal in length, width, and thickness

if you were giving an oral report on the structure and functions of irregular bones, your report should include all of the following except

they are small and round and embedded in tendons

which of the following is a characteristic of sesamoid bones

they form in tendons

if you were giving an oral report on the functions of long bones, which of the following would you likely include

they support the weight of the body and facilitate movement

which of the following is the function fo osteocytes

to maintain bone tissue structure and sense bone health

all of the following are components of an osteon except

trabeculae

ribs 1-7 are called ----- ribs because they articulate directly to the sternum

true

which of the following bones varies in shape and structure

vertebrae

Which of the following statements accurately compares two types of fractures?

A greenstick fracture is a partial break, whereas a comminuted fracture occurs when a bone is crushed into three or more pieces.