Vmware6.5Delta

what is .vmsn file?

.vmsn extension and is used to store the state of a virtual machine when a snapshot is taken. A new .vmsn file is created for every snapshot that is created on a virtual machine and is deleted when the snapshot is deleted

Location of ESXi Host Logs?

/var/log directory.

vSphere supports the following types of datastores:?

1 . vmfs 2. nfs 3. vsphere virt volumes 4. vSAN

what path selection policies are supported for multipathing with Fibre Channel or iSCSI?

1. Fixed path selection policy: The host always uses the preferred path to the disk when that path is available 2.Most Recent Used (MRU) path selection policy: The host uses the most recent path to the disk until this path becomes unavailable 3.Round Robin path selection policy: The host uses a path selection algorithm that rotates through all available paths

What is vsphere web client?

1. client browser has adobe flex 2. Java is embedded in vserver appliance and vcenter server 3. thin client need browser with adobe flash plug in 4.https://your_vCSA/vsphere-client on port 9443

what storage technologies are supported by ESXi hosts?

1. direct attached 2. Fibre channel 3. iSCSI 4. FCoe 5. NAS

vsphere virtual volumes supports which protocols?

1. fc\ethernet 2. vSAN

Name virtual hardware versions for 6.5 and 6.7

13, 14

What is normal lockdown mode on a host?

2 type : normal (host available via console or vcenter ) and strict (only vcenter; dcui is stopped) : only vpxuser has authentication permission. Also, users cannot perform operations against the host directly. Only the root user can log in to the DCUI in normal. Lockdown modes forces all host management to be performed through vCenter Server. When a host in lockdown mode: • You cannot manage it directly through VMware Host Client. • You cannot run commands on it from vSphere CLI. • External software or management tools that access the host directly cannot retrieve or modify information on the ESXi host, unless the credentials are added as exception users on the ESXi host. Only users whoare on the Exception Users list and have administrator privileges can log in to the DCUI. If SSH orvSphere ESXi Shell are enabled, access might be possible through these services.

Vmware hardware machine versions?

4: 7 ; 5.0: 8 ; 5.1: 9; 5.5 : 10 ; 6.0 : 11 ; 6.5 : 13; 6.7 14

what features in vmfs6?

4K native storage devices - Automatic space reclamation

VMFS datastore can support virtual disk files--how big

62gb for file

What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) value on a vSphere Stand Switch

9000

An administrator is unable to access the Clone Virtual Machine wizard. Which condition could cause this behavior?

Cloning a virtual machine requires the administrator to have access to storage and cluster resource.

delta disk for vsan? is ?

Delta object 4 MB

How to get rid of CIM data?

Log into Vmware sphere client : make sure hardware plugin is installed : select host / monitor /hardware status --select reset

Native vCenter Server backup and restore offers several features

Removes dependency on third-party backup solutions • Restores a vCenter Server instance to a brand-new appliance • Supports backup or restore of vCenter Server Appliance and Platform Services Controller • Supports protocols including HTTP/S, SCP, and FTP/S • Includes option for encryption • Restores directly from the vCenter Server Appliance ISO image

Shared-Nothing vSphere vMotion Migration : fact

Shared-nothing vSphere vMotion migration enables a virtual machine to change its host, datastores, networks, and vCenter Server instances simultaneously, even if the two hosts do not have a shared storage. This technique combines vSphere vMotion and vSphere Storage vMotion into a single operation You can migrate virtual machines beyond storage accessibility boundaries and between hosts, within and across clusters, data centers, and vCenter Server instances

network policies are defined at what levels?

Standard switch level: - Default policies for all the ports on the standard switch. • Port group level: - Effective policies: Policies defined at this level override the default policies that are set at the standard switch level.

What happens when DRS is disabled?

The cluster's resource pool hierarchy and affinity rules are not reestablished when DRS is turned back on. If you disable DRS, the resource pools are removed from the cluster. To avoid losing the resource pools, save a snapshot of the resource pool tree on your local machine. You can use the snapshot to restore the resource pool when you enable DRS.

How do you determine max memory size for virtual machine?

The maximum memory size of a virtual machine depends on the virtual machine's compatibility setting. The maximum memory size of a virtual machine with ESXi 6.7 compatibility running on ESXi 6.7 is 6 TB

what is SR-IOV pass-through:?

The virtual machine and the physical adapter exchange data without using the VMkernel as an intermediary: Limited guest operating system support

About Fibre Channel

To connect to the Fibre Channel SAN, your host should be equipped with Fibre Channel host bus adapters (HBAs).

what is the .vmsd file ?

file stores the names, descriptions, and relationships for all of the VM's snapshots.

what are following types of content libraries are available:

local, published, and subscribed.

what does VMware vSphere® Virtual Volumes do?

virtualizes SAN and NAS devices by abstracting physical hardware resources into logical pools of capacity

what are 3 network policies available?

• Security • Traffic shaping • NIC teaming and failover

what troubleshoot options are there in DCUI?

• VMware vSphere® ESXi™ Shell: For troubleshooting issues locally • SSH: For troubleshooting issues remotely by using an SSH client, for example, PuTTY

The following ISO files are included with vSphere 6.5 and later?

• windows.iso: For Vista and later guests • winPreVista.iso: For Windows 2000, XP, and Server 2003 guests • linux.iso: For Linux OS with glibc 2.5 or higher (for example, RHEL 5 or later, SLES 11 or later, Ubuntu 10.04 or later) VMware has reduced the number of VMware Tools ISOs that are distributed to only three

delta disks use different sparse formats ? for VMFS6 • VMFS5 with virtual disk larger than 2 TB

#-sesparse.vmdk 4 KB

List types of Vmware Clients

*Host client : connect to host using HTML 5 : intro 6 u2 *vsphere web client : based on adobe flex * vsphere client

Datastore type VMFS supports which protocos?

1. fibre 2.fcoe 3.nfs 4. iscsi

what are 3 connection types that exist on virtual switch

1. vm port group 2. vmkernel 3. physical uplink

what does shared storage provide?

1. vmotion; HA; DRS; clustering of machines ; large amounts of storage; central repository

what are some load balancing network methods?

1.Originating Virtual Port ID--virtual machine's outbound traffic is mapped to a specific physical NIC. 2. Source MAC Hash--each virtual machine's outbound traffic is mapped to a specific physical NIC that is based on the virtual NIC's MAC address 3. Source and Destination IP Hash --a NIC for each outbound packet is selected based on its source and destination IP addresses.

What are most important virtual machine files?

A configuration file (.vmx). • One or more virtual disk files. The first virtual disk has files VM_name.vmdk and VM_nameflat. vmdk. • A file containing the virtual machine's BIOS settings (.nvram). • A virtual machine's current log file (.log) and a set of files used to archive old log entries (-#.log). • Swap files (.vswp) used to reclaim memory during periods of contention. • A snapshot description file (.vmsd). This file is empty if the virtual machine has no snapshots

what are traffic-shaping policies for a standard switch port group?

A traffic-shaping policy is defined by average bandwidth, peak bandwidth, and burst size. You can establish a traffic-shaping policy for each port group and each distributed port or distributed port group: • Traffic shaping is disabled by default. • Parameters apply to each virtual NIC in the standard switch. • On a standard switch, traffic shaping controls only outbound traffic, that is, traffic travelling from the VMs to the virtual switch and out onto the physical network

vSphere vMotion Migration Requirements?

A virtual machine must meet the following requirements: • It should not have an active connection to an internal virtual switch, because migrating such a virtual machine produces an error. • It must not have CPU affinity configured. • It must not have a connection to a virtual device, such as a CD/DVD or floppy drive, with a local image mounted. • If its swap file is not accessible to the destination host, vSphere vMotion must be able to create a swap file that is accessible to the destination host before migration can begin. • If it uses an RDM disk, the RDM file and the LUN to which it maps must be accessible by the destination host.

what are EVC cluster requirements?

All hosts in the cluster must meet the following requirements: • Use CPUs from a single vendor, either Intel or AMD: - Use Intel CPUs with Merom microarchitecture and later. - Use AMD first-generation Opteron CPUs and later. • Be enabled for hardware virtualization: AMD-V or Intel VT • Be enabled for execution-disable technology: AMD No eXecute (NX) or Intel eXecute Disable (XD) • Be configured for vSphere vMotion migration Applications in virtual machines must be CPU ID compatible

how to increase VMFS Capacity : 2 ways

Dynamically grow any expandable datastore extent, so that it fills the available adjacent capacity. The extent is considered expandable when the underlying storage device has free space immediately after the extent. Dynamically add the extent. The datastore can span over up to 32 extents with the size of each extent of more than 2 TB, yet appear as a single volume. The spanned VMFS datastore can use any or all its extents at any time. It does not need to fill up a particular extent before using the next one.

what the differences in thick provisioned disk eager and lazy?

Eager-zeroed or lazy-zeroed: • Every block in an eager-zeroed thickprovisioned disk is prefilled with a zero. • Every block in a lazy-zeroed thickprovisioned disk is filled with a zero when data is written to the block.

what are 2 methods Methods for vCenter Server Appliance Backup and Restore?

File-based backup and restore: added in 6.5 - use http https, scp, ftp/s • Image-based backup and restore: using VADP -vsphere data protection

vSphere Update Manager includes the following baselines by default:

Host critical dynamic patch baseline • Host noncritical dynamic patch baseline • VMware Tools upgrade baseline • VMware hardware upgrade baseline • Virtual appliance upgrade baseline

ESXi has a small disk footprint for added security and reliability. ESXi provides additional protection with the following features?

Host-based firewall: .• Memory hardening: . • Kernel module integrity: • Trusted Platform Module: A hardware element that creates a trusted platform. This element affirms that the boot process and all drivers loaded are genuine. • UEFI secure boot: This feature is for systems that support UEFI secure boot firmware which contains a digital certificate that the VMware infrastructure bundles (VIBs) chain to. At boot time, a verifier is started before other processes that checks the VIB's chain to the certificate in the firmware. • Lockdown modes: Lockdown mode is a vSphere feature that disables lo

what is esxi quick boot?

In ESX 6.7, Quick Boot enables ESXi to reboot without reinitializing the physical server BIOS: • Quick Boot reduces remediation time during host patch or host upgrade operations. Reboots can be performed in 1 to 2 minutes. • Quick Boot is integrated into the vSphere Update Manager workflow during remediation operations. • Quick Boot is enabled by default on supported hardware. It can be disabled if necessary.

what happen in strict lock down mode?

In strict lockdown mode, the DCUI service is also stopped the ESXi host can be accessed only through vCenter Server. If SSH or vSphere ESXi Shell is enabled, running sessions for accounts in the DCUI.Access advanced option that have administrator privileges remain enabled. Sessions for users in the Exception Users list that have administrator privileges also remain enabled. All other DCUI sessions are terminated.

NIC teaming and failover policies for a standard switch port group

NIC teaming enables you to increase the network capacity of a virtual switch by including two or more physical NICs in a team. By default, a failback policy is enabled on a NIC team. If a failed physical NIC returns online, the virtual switch sets the NIC back to active by replacing the standby NIC that took over its slot.

what are network security policies for a standard switch port group?

Networking security policy provides protection against MAC address impersonation and unwanted port scanning. Promiscuous mode: Allows a virtual switch or port group to forward all traffic regardless of the destination. • MAC address changes: Accept or reject inbound traffic when the MAC address is altered by the guest. • Forged transmits: Accept or reject outbound traffic when the MAC address is altered by the guest.

in VMCP : HA can detect failures : determine the response that vSphere HA makes to such a failure

Permanent device loss (PDL): - Unrecoverable loss of accessibility. - Occurs when a storage device reports the datastore is no longer accessible by the host. - Response can be either Issue events or Power off and restart VMs. • All paths down (APD): - Recoverable. - Represents a transient or unknown accessibility loss. - Response can be either Issue events, Power off and restart VMs--conservative restart policy, or Power off and restart VMs--aggressive restart policy.

Host Requirements for vSphere vMotion Migration

Source and destination hosts must have the following characteristics: • Accessibility to all of the virtual machine's storage (Fibre Channel, iSCSI, or NAS): - 128 concurrent vSphere vMotion migrations are possible per VMFS or NFS datastore. • At least a 1 Gigabit Ethernet (1GigE) network: - Each active vSphere vMotion process requires a minimum throughput of 250Mbit/sec on the vSphere vMotion network. - Concurrent vSphere vMotion migrations are limited to four on a 1 Gbps network. - Concurrent vSphere vMotion migrations are limited to eight on a 10 Gbps (or faster) network. - For better performance, dedicate at least two port groups to the vSphere vMotion traffic. • Compatible CPUs: - The CPU feature sets of both the source host and the destination host must be compatible. - Some features can be hidden by using EVC or compatibility masks.

vSphere Fault Tolerance Features

Supports VMs configured with up to eight vCPUs and 128 GB memory • Supports up to four fault-tolerant VMs per host with no more than eight vCPUs between them • Supports vSphere vMotion migration for primary and secondary VMs • Creates a secondary copy of all VM files and disks • Provides fast checkpoint copying to keep primary and secondary CPUs synchronized • Supports multiple VM disk formats: thin provision, thick provision lazy-zeroed, and thick provision eager-zeroed • Can be used with vSphere DRS only when Enhanced vMotion Compatibility is enabled • Supports interoperability with vSAN VMware

what does security profile do for host?

The security profile controls remote access to an ESXi host: • ESXi includes a firewall that is enabled by default. • The ESXi firewall blocks incoming and outgoing traffic, except for the traffic that is enabled in the host's security profile. • You can customize many essential security settings for an ESXi host through the Security Profile panel in vSphere Client. • Some services can be managed by the administrator. Some daemons, such as the DCUI and NTP client processes, can start and stop automatically with the ESXi host.

what is the shared.vmft File

The shared.vmft file, which is found on a shared datastore, is the vSphere Fault Tolerance metadata file. This file contains the primary and secondary instance UUIDs and the primary and secondary vmx paths

where is vcenter log ?

The vpxd.log file is the main log file for vCenter Server. Most vCenter Server actions are captured in vpxd.log, in /var/log/vmware/vpxd/.

what features in vmfs5?

They allow concurrent access to shared storage - They can be dynamically expanded - They use 1 MB and 512 MB block sizes that are good for storing large virtual disk files - The provide on-disk locking

In a vSphere HA cluster, heartbeats have the following characteristics

They are sent between the master host and the slave hosts. • They are used to determine whether a master host or a slave host has failed. • They are sent over a heartbeat network. Redundant heartbeat networks ensure reliable failure detection and minimize the chance of hostisolation scenarios. Heartbeat network implementation: • Implemented by using a VMkernel port that is marked for management. • Implemented by using a VMkernel port that is marked for vSAN traffic when vSAN is in use.

what is VMware vSphere® DirectPath I/o

This type allows virtual machine access to physical PCI network functions on platforms with an I/O memory management unit.

what is PVRDMA:

This type is a paravirtualized device that provides improved virtual device performance. It provides an RDMA-like interface for vSphere guests

what is raw disk mapping?

Though not a datastore, raw device mapping (RDM) allows a virtual machine direct access to a physical LUN. The mapping file (-rdm.vmdk) that points a VM to a LUN must be stored on a VMFS datastore. RDM is recommended when a virtual machine must interact with a real disk on the SAN

How to configure a vSAN Steps?

To use vSAN, you create a host cluster and enable vSAN on the cluster. To enable the exchange of data in the vSAN cluster, you provide a VMkernel network adapter for vSAN traffic on each ESXi host. You can enable vSAN when you create a cluster. Or you can edit cluster properties to enable vSAN for an existing cluster.

what is VMcp?

VM Component Protection (VMCP), the affected virtual machines are restarted on other hosts that still have access to the datastores requires vmtools if enabled--vSphere HA can detect datastore accessibility failures and provide automated recovery for affected virtual machines HA can determine the response that vSphere HA will give to such a failure, ranging from the creation of event alarms to virtual machine restarts on other hosts.

What is vmware host client?

VMware Host Client is an HTML5-based thin client that you can use to manage hosts directly when vCenter Server is unavailable. VMware Host Client is served from ESXi: https://your_ESXi_host/ui.

A virtual switch has specific connection types:

Virtual machine port groups • VMkernel port: For IP storage, vSphere vMotion migration, VMware vSphere® Fault Tolerance, vSAN, VMware vSphere® Replication™, and the ESXi management network • Uplink ports

Fault Domain Manager (FDM)

When vSphere HA is enabled, the Fault Domain Manager (FDM) service starts on the member hosts. After the FDM agents have started, the cluster hosts are said to be in a fault domain The fault domain is managed by a master host

Migration with vSphere Storage vMotion

With vSphere Storage vMotion, you can migrate a virtual machine and its disk files from one datastore to another while the virtual machine is running. Using vSphere Storage vMotion you can perform the following tasks: • Move virtual machines off arrays for maintenance or to upgrade. • Change the disk provisioning type. • Change virtual machine files on the destination datastore to match the inventory name of the virtual machine. The migration renames all virtual disk, configuration, snapshot, and .nvram files. • Move virtual machines off a storage device to allow maintenance or reconfiguration of the storage device without virtual machine downtime. • Redistribute virtual machines or virtual disks to different storage volumes to balance capacity or improve performance.

vSphere HA Settings: Virtual Machine Monitoring

You use VM Monitoring settings to control the monitoring of virtual machines

vSphere HA Settings: Failure and Responses

You use the Failures and responses pane to configure a cluster's response if a failure occurs

vSphere HA Settings: Admission Control

admission control allows you to specify whether or not virtual machines can be started if they violate availability constraints The admission control settings include: • Disabled: (Not recommended) This option disables admission control, allowing the virtual machines violating availability constraints to power on. • Slot Policy: A slot is a logical representation of memory and CPU resources. With the slot policy option, vSphere HA calculates the slot size, determines how many slots each host in the cluster can hold, and consequently determines the current failover capacity of the cluster. • Cluster resource Percentage: (Default) This specifies a percentage of the cluster's CPU and Memory resources to be reserved as spare capacity to support failovers. • Dedicated failover hosts: This option selects hosts to use for failover actions. If a default failover host does not have enough resources, failovers can still occur to other hosts in the cluster.

datastore heartbeats

are used to make the distinction between a failed and isolated or partitioned host. vSphere HA tries to restart virtual machines only in one of these situations: • A host has failed (no network heartbeats, no ping, no datastore heartbeats). • A host becomes isolated and the cluster's configured host isolation response is Power off or Shut down.

Useful ESXi Host Logs for Troubleshooting?

hostd.log Host management service logs syslog.log Management service initialization, watchdogs, scheduled tasks, and DCUIuse vmkernel.log Core VMkernel logs, including device discovery, storage and networking device and driver events, and virtual machine startups vmkwarning.log A summary of warning and alert log messages excerpted from the VMkernel logs vmksummary.log A summary of ESXi host startup and shutdown, and an hourly heartbeat with uptime, number of virtual machines running, and service resource consumption

what is EVC?

is a cluster feature that prevents vSphere vMotion migrations from failing because of incompatible CPUs EVC works at the cluster level, using CPU baselines to configure all processors included in the cluster that are enabled for EVC.

If a vm guest becomes locked what should you do?

look at logs on vm guest and host; may have to remove all guest off of host and reboot host

NFS support

nfs3 or nf4.1

Network policies set at the standard switch level can be overridden where?

port group level

what does virtual switch do?

provide the connectivity between virtual machines on the same host or on different hosts. Virtual switches also support VMkernel network access for remote host management, vSphere vMotion migration, iSCSI, and NFS. VMkernel services include access to IP storage such as NFS or iSCSI

what is Isolation?

refers to when an ESXi host cannot see traffic coming from the other hosts in the cluster and cannot ping the default gateway. A host is declared isolated when the following two conditions occur: • When the host is not receiving network heartbeats • When the host cannot ping its isolation addresses

which command will reclaim unused disk space in a thin provisioned disk

unmap command

where to log if you want to back up vCenter Server Appliance Management Interface

vCenter Server Appliance Management Interface at https://FQDN_or_IP_address:5480.

High Availability for vCenter Server Appliance

vCenter Server High Availability protects against both hardware and software failures and ensures that your implementation can recover quickly: • The protected node is called the active node. • A passive node and a witness node are also created. • If the active node fails, the passive node takes over the role of the active node. • The state of the active node is replicated to the passive node and captured in a PostgreSQL database and in the configuration files.

tell me about Platform Services Controller

vCenter Server includes Platform Services Controller: • Platform Services Controller includes a set of common infrastructure services: - vCenter Single Sign-On - VMware License Server - Lookup Service - VMware Certificate Authority - Certificate Store - VMware Directory Services

about vcenter SSO?

vCenter Single Sign-On enables vSphere components to communicate with each other through a secure token mechanism: • Users authenticate to vCenter Single Sign-On by entering their credentials on the login page. • vCenter Single Sign-On authenticates users' credentials with the configured identity source (for example, Active Directory). • If successful, vCenter Single Sign-On returns a token that represents the user to vSphere Client. • The vCenter Single Sign-On server returns the token to the vCenter Server system, using the vCenter Server Authorization Framework to allow user access.

disk group details ?

vSAN disk groups composed of flash-based devices and magnetic disks require: • One flash device: - Maximum of one flash device per disk group • One HDD/SSD: - Supports up to seven devices per disk group • Maximum of five disk groups per host

What is vSphere client ?

vSphere Client is HTML5-based and has no dependence on Adobe Flex. vSphere Client uses the same Java server as vSphere Web Client. You access vSphere Client from a supported browser at https://your_vCenter_Server_Appliance/ui.

About vSphere DRS

vSphere DRS aggregates computing capacity across a collection of servers into logical resource pools. vSphere DRS allocates available resources among the virtual machines based on predefined rules that reflect business needs and changing priorities.

vSphere DRS Cluster Settings: Predictive DRS

vSphere DRS and VMware vRealize® Operations Manager™ combine data to predict future demand and determine when and where hot spots will occur. The vSphere DRS data collector retrieves statistics from the following sources: • Resource usage statistics from hosts • Predictive statistics from the vRealize Operations Manager server The predicted usage statistics always take precedence over current usage statistics

what advance features does vcenter server applicance have:?

vSphere DRS, vSphere HA, vSphere Fault Tolerance, VMware vSphere® vMotion®, and VMware vSphere® Storage vMotion

vSphere HA Failure Scenarios

vSphere HA can identify and respond to various types of failures: • Slave host failure • Master host failure • Network failure (host isolation) VMCP enables vSphere HA to detect and respond to storage-related failures: • Datastore access failure - APD - PDL

explain ESXi and vCenter Server Communication?

vSphere Web Client and vSphere Client communicate directly with vCenter Server. To communicate directly with an ESXi host, you use VMware Host Client. vCenter Server provides direct access to the ESXi host through a vCenter Server agent named virtual provisioning X agent (vpxa). The vpxa process is automatically installed onto the host nd started when the host is added to the vCenter Server inventory. The vCenter Server service (vpxd) communicates with the ESXi host daemon (hostd) through the vCenter Server agent (vpxa). For clients communicating directly with the host, bypassing vCenter Server, they converse with hostd

what components The vCenter Server architecture relies on ?

vSphere Web Client and vSphere Client: • vCenter Server database: • Managed hosts: vCenter Server enables you to manage ESXi hosts and the virtual machines that run on them. • VMware vCenter® Single Sign-On:

in 6.5 support what new vmfs versions

vmfs5 and 6

List the types of storage adaptors you can have?

• BusLogic Parallel • LSI Logic Parallel • LSI Logic SAS • VMware Paravirtual SCSI • AHCI SATA controller • Virtual NVMe ---new in 6.5 Note : when creating virtual machine : virtual SCSI adapter based on the choice of guest operating system

You can create templates in the following ways:?

• Clone the virtual machine to a template: The virtual machine can be powered on or powered off. • Convert the virtual machine to a template: The virtual machine must be powered off. • Clone a template: You use this action to create a template that is based on an existing template.

Types of migrations?

• Cold: Migrate a powered-off virtual machine to a new host or datastore. • Suspended: Migrate a suspended virtual machine to a new host or datastore. • vSphere vMotion: Migrate a powered-on virtual machine to a new host. • vSphere Storage vMotion: Migrate a powered-on virtual machine's files to a new datastore. • Shared-nothing vSphere vMotion: Migrate a powered-on virtual machine to a new host and a new datastore simultaneously.

requirements for VSAN?

• Dedicated 1 Gbps network (10 Gbps recommended) for hybrid disk groups • Dedicated 10 Gbps network for all-flash disk groups • One Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) or SATA solid-state disk (SSD) or one PCIe flash device and one or more magnetic drives for each hybrid disk group • One SAS or SATA SSD or PCIe flash device and one or more flash disks with flash capacity enabled for all-flash disk groups each host should have 32 GB or more of memory to accommodate a maximum number of five disk groups and a maximum number of seven capacity devices per disk group

what tcpip stacks for vkernel

• Default TCP/IP stack • vSphere vMotion TCP/IP stack • Provisioning TCP/IP stack • Custom TCP/IP stacks

what features with vmware tools 10.1

• Digital signature verification • Three supported guest operating system ISO images • Product locker for storing ISOs

cross vcenter migrations requirements?

• ESXi hosts and vCenter Server systems must be upgraded to vSphere 6.x. • vCenter Server instances must be in Enhanced Linked Mode. • Hosts must be time-synchronized. • Both of the vCenter Server systems should be the same vCenter Server version

details on NFS v3:?

• ESXi managed multipathing • AUTH_SYS (root) authentication • VMware proprietary file locking • Client-side error tracking

details on NFS 4.1

• Native multipathing and session trunking • Optional Kerberos authentication • Built-in file locking • Server-side error tracking vSphere 6.5, NFS v4.1 is not compatible with vSphere Storage DRS, VMware vSphere® Storage I/O Control, and VMware Site Recovery Manager™, because of server protocol locking • Native multipathing and session trunking: NFS v4.1 provides multipathing for servers that support session trunking. • Kerberos authentication: NFS v4.1 introduces Kerberos authentication in addition to the traditional AUTH_SYS method used by NFS v3. • Improved built-in file locking. • Enhanced error recovery using server-side tracking of open files and delegations. • Many general efficiency improvements including session leases and less protocol overhead. The NFS v4.1 client offers the following new features: • Stateful locks with share reservation using a mandatory locking semantic • Protocol integration, side-band (auxiliary) protocol no longer required to lock and mount • Trunking (true NFS multipathing), where multiple paths (sessions) to the NAS array can be created and load distributed across those sessions • Enhanced error recovery to mitigate server crash and loss of connectivity

vCenter Server Permissions

• Permissions: The permission model for vCenter Server systems relies on assigning permissions to objects in the vSphere object hierarchy. Each permission gives one user or group a set of privileges, that is, a role for the selected object. • Privilege: An action that can be performed. • Role: A set of privileges. • Object: The target of the action. • User or group: Indication of who can perform the action.

Types of Virtual Switches

• Standard switches: - Virtual switch configuration for a single host. • Distributed switches: - Virtual switch configured for an entire data center. - Up to 2,000 hosts can be attached to the same distributed switch. - Consistent configuration across all attached hosts. - Hosts must either have Enterprise Plus license or belong to a vSAN cluster. Both switch types are elastic: ports are created and removed automatically

what factors determine the size cpus can be on virtual machine?

• The number of logical CPUs on the host • The type of installed guest operating system * A virtual machine cannot have more virtual CPUs than the number of logical CPUs on the host.

You can create virtual machines in several ways:?

• Use the New virtual machine wizard to create virtual machines. • Deploy new virtual machines from existing templates/clones. • Deploy virtual machines, virtual appliances, and vApps stored in OVF.

vSAN datastore, files are grouped into the following types of objects?

• VM home namespace: Stores the virtual machine metadata (configuration files) • VMDK: Virtual machine disk • Snapshot deltas: Created when snapshots of the virtual machine are taken • VM swap: Virtual machine swap file, which is created when the virtual machine is powered on • VM memory: Virtual machine's memory state when a virtual machine is suspended or when a snapshot is taken of a virtual machine and its memory state is preserved

types of datastores?

• VMFS • NFS • vSAN • vSphere Virtual Volumes

The vCenter Server Appliance package contains the following software?

• VMware Photon • The Platform Services Controller group of infrastructure services • The vCenter Server group of services • PostgreSQL vSphere Update Manager extension • vCenter Server Appliance support for high availability • vCenter Server Appliance and Platform Services Controller support for file-based backup and restore

what does vcenter services include?

• vCenter Server • vSphere Web Client (server) • vSphere Update Manager • VMware vSphere® Auto Deploy™ • VMware vSphere® ESXi™ Dump Collector • vSphere Client You cannot distribute these vCenter Server functions across multiple systems. When you deploy vCenter Server Appliance, all of these features are included.

2 ways to log into vcenter applicance?

• vSphere Web Client: https://FQDN_for_vCenter_Server/vsphere-client • vSphere Client: https://FQDN_for_vCenter_Server/ui