vol 5 chp 2 review

During which period of development is the fetus most susceptible to damage from maternal exposure to toxins, such as alcohol and tobacco?

8-12 weeks

A newborn has just been delivered. He is centrally pink with pale extremities, has a heart rate of 110, and is actively crying and moving. The appropriate APGAR score for this infant is:

9.

A 42-year-old woman is 38 weeks pregnant and in active labor. While assessing for crowning, you notice that although the top of the baby's head is visible, a loop of the umbilical cord is protruding from the vagina. You should: A) gently attempt to reinsert the cord into the vaginal canal. B) encourage the mother to push while gently pulling traction. C) clamp and cut the presenting section of the umbilical cord. D) insert two fingers to raise the head of the baby off the cord.

insert two fingers to raise the head of the baby off the cord.

A pregnant woman is complaining of a severe headache and "feeling ill." Her vital signs are: heart rate 92, blood pressure 120/82 mmHg, and respiratory rate of 16. Which of the following questions would be most helpful in identifying a possible pregnancy-related emergency? A) "Do you have a history of migraine headaches?" B) "Have you been experiencing morning sickness or excessive vomiting today?" C) "When was the last time you saw your doctor?" D) "What has been a typical blood pressure for you during this pregnancy?"

"What has been a typical blood pressure for you during this pregnancy?"

When is the ideal time to assess a neonate for the APGAR score?

1 minute and 5 minutes after delivery

What is the appropriate sequence of care for a newborn following a normal delivery? A) Suction the nose, dry the infant, and cut the cord. B) Dry the infant, cut the cord, and place infant on mother's stomach. C) Suction the mouth, deliver the placenta, and cut the cord. D) Apply oxygen, dry the infant, and give the infant to the mother.

Dry the infant, cut the cord, and place infant on mother's stomach.

Which structure allows oxygenated maternal blood to bypass the uninflated lungs of the developing fetus?

Ductus venosus

You have just delivered an infant at 33 weeks gestation. The infant is blue and limp and has a brachial pulse of 70 beats per minute. What is the appropriate sequence of care for this infant? A) Keep warm and dry, chest compressions, clamp and cut the cord. B) Keep warm and dry, clamp and cut the cord, positive pressure ventilations. C) Clamp and cut the cord, positive pressure ventilations, keep warm and dry. D) Clamp and cut the cord, chest compressions, positive pressure ventilations.

Keep warm and dry, clamp and cut the cord, positive pressure ventilations

When assessing the vital signs of a pregnant patient, it is generally most appropriate to have the patient in which position?

Left lateral recumbent

A 27-year-old pregnant woman was the restrained driver of a vehicle that hit the guardrail at a high rate of speed. She sustained a large laceration to the upper thigh and has lost a significant amount of blood. Vital signs are: heart rate 102, blood pressure 118/78 mmHg, respirations 18, and her skin is pale and clammy. Which of the following BEST explains this patient's presentation? A) Maternal blood volume increases during pregnancy, allowing vital signs to remain normal despite significant blood loss. B) Fetal oxygen demand increases after trauma, causing maternal blood pressure and heart rate to increase immediately after injury. C) Maternal blood volume decreases during pregnancy, amplifying the effects of epinephrine and allowing for the maintenance of blood pressure. D) Maternal vital signs remain normal following trauma to ensure the survival of the developing fetus.

Maternal blood volume increases during pregnancy, allowing vital signs to remain normal despite significant blood loss.

Which of the following techniques is an appropriate method of estimating the gestational age?

Measure the height of the fundus; each centimeter corresponds to one week of pregnancy.

A 38-year-old pregnant woman called 911 after she developed a "splitting headache" unrelieved by over-the-counter analgesics. She states that she has a previous diagnosis of diabetes that is typically well controlled with insulin injections. This patient's history of diabetes makes her more likely to develop which of the following pregnancy-related conditions? A) Preeclampsia B) Cerebral aneurysm C) Congestive heart failure D) Stroke

Preeclampsia

A 30-year-old woman complains of swelling in both of her legs. She is 32 weeks pregnant, and states that she has also developed varicose veins over the past few weeks. Which of the following BEST explains the cause of this patient's signs and symptoms? A) The gravid uterus compresses the superior vena cava, decreasing venous return to the heart. B) Changes in the endocrine system cause peripheral edema during the late stages of pregnancy. C) The gravid uterus compresses the pelvic and femoral vessels, decreasing venous return and causing venous stasis. D) Changes in kidney function alter the normal electrolyte balance, causing tissue edema in the legs and feet.

The gravid uterus compresses the pelvic and femoral vessels, decreasing venous return and causing venous stasis.

You are assisting a mother with an out-of-hospital delivery. After the head delivers, it immediately retracts back into the perineum. You should:

instruct the mother to drop her buttocks off the end of the bed.

During delivery, you notice a yellowish-green fluid on the baby's head and face. You recognize:

a sign of fetal hypoxia.

A 37-year-old, obviously pregnant woman complains of sharp, tearing abdominal pain. She reports that she is pregnant with her fifth child, but states she cannot remember the exact due date. The patient has a history of drug use and states that she last smoked crack cocaine approximately 30 minutes ago. You suspect: A) spontaneous abortion. B) placenta previa. C) abruptio placentae. D) false labor.

abruptio placentae.

You are caring for a woman who is 32 weeks pregnant. While assessing her breathing, you notice that her rib cage expands visibly with each breath and that her tidal volume appears to be deep. You recognize: A) signs of a severe respiratory condition requiring immediate intervention. B) an increase in tidal volume that is normal during pregnancy. C) signs of obstructive shock. D) an increase in oxygen demand due to an obstetrical emergency.

an increase in tidal volume that is normal during pregnancy.

A 24-year-old pregnant woman is actively seizing. Her partner reports that she complained of abdominal pain approximately 10 minutes ago, and then began seizing. He reports that the seizure activity has been consistent for the past 10 minutes, and that she has no significant medical history. You should: A) apply a nasal cannula, assess blood glucose level, and transport in the left lateral position. B) insert a nasal airway, administer midazolam, and obtain vital signs. C) apply high-flow oxygen, administer magnesium sulfate, and transport emergently. D) suction the airway, obtain IV access, and assess blood pressure.

apply high-flow oxygen, administer magnesium sulfate, and transport emergently.

You are caring for a 19-year-old woman who states that she is 32 weeks pregnant. She is experiencing cramping abdominal pain every six to seven minutes and reports a brief period of fluid discharge from her vagina approximately 15 minutes ago. You should: A) provide routine BLS care and transport. B) begin a fluid bolus and transport code 3. C) administer ondansetron and reassess vital signs. D) apply oxygen and perform a physical exam.

begin a fluid bolus and transport code 3.

A 29-year-old woman is 28 weeks pregnant. She complains of nausea, abdominal pain, and right shoulder pain. She states she vomited once, which caused temporary relief; however, the pain returned shortly afterward. She has no pertinent medical history or allergies, has stable vital signs, and states that she ate a cheeseburger about 20 minutes prior to the start of her pain. The most likely cause of this patient's presentation is: A) food poisoning. B) cholecystitis. C) hyperemesis gravidarum. D) appendicitis.

cholecystitis.

A 25-year-old woman presents complaining of heavy vaginal bleeding accompanied by cramping abdominal pain and backache. She can't stop crying and reports that she is 11 weeks pregnant with her first child. Your physical exam reveals what appears to be the fetus and umbilical cord passing through the vaginal opening; however, the placenta has not been passed. Appropriate care for this patient includes: A) clamping and cutting the umbilical cord, wrapping fetal material in linen, and providing emotional support for the patient. B) leaving the fetus untouched and transporting the patient in a position of comfort. C) oxygen, 1000 mL fluid bolus, and rapid transport. D) disposing of the fetal material in a biohazard bag, left lateral position, and providing emotional support for the patient.

clamping and cutting the umbilical cord, wrapping fetal material in linen, and providing emotional support for the patient.

Just before an infant is delivered, the fetal scalp can be seen at the vaginal opening during each contraction. This is referred to as:

crowning.

The medically appropriate term for the projected birth date of a baby is:

estimated date of confinement.

A newborn is listless and has a heart rate of 50 beats per minute after 30 seconds of stimulation. You should FIRST:

initiate positive pressure ventilation.

You are caring for a 42-year-old woman who is 32 weeks pregnant with twins. She is complaining of a severe headache and blurred vision, and lives in a rural area approximately 30 miles from the nearest ED. Your physical exam reveals significant peripheral edema and the following vital signs: heart rate 98, blood pressure 156/98 mmHg, respirations 18. The patient states she has a history of hypertension, but has not taken her prescribed medications because "they aren't safe for the babies." Appropriate treatment for this patient includes: A) administration of nitroglycerine and delayed transport. B) intravenous calcium chloride and 12-lead ECG. C) administration of aspirin and a prehospital stroke assessment. D) intravenous magnesium sulfate and rapid transport.

intravenous magnesium sulfate and rapid transport.

A woman late in her pregnancy is in cardiac arrest. When resuscitating this patient, it is appropriate to:

lift and push the gravid uterus to the left.

You are caring for a patient who is 36 weeks pregnant. She states that she has been experiencing vaginal bleeding after intercourse, and denies any associated pain. Vital signs are: heart rate 84, respirations 18, blood pressure 102/72 mmHg, and warm, dry skin. The most likely cause of this patient's vaginal bleeding is: A) spontaneous abortion. B) placenta previa. C) abruptio placentae. D) false labor.

placenta previa.

The blood-rich structure that serves as a lifeline for the developing fetus is called the:

placenta.

You are caring for a woman in labor. She has had three previous deliveries and states that her contractions are approximately 3 minutes apart. Physical exam reveals a bulging of tissue at the vaginal opening with each contraction; however, the baby's head is not yet visible. You should: A) encourage the mother to breathe and ready her for transport. B) prepare for imminent delivery. C) place the mother in the knee-chest position. D) perform an internal exam to see how much the cervix is dilated.

prepare for imminent delivery.

A 21-year-old woman is complaining of abdominal pain. She says she is 25 weeks pregnant and has been actively trying to stop using methamphetamines, but slipped and used earlier today. Her abdominal pain comes every 8 to 10 minutes and is described as sharp and cramping. You suspect: A) hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. B) abruptio placentae. C) toxic shock syndrome. D) preterm labor.

preterm labor.

The term "puerperium" refers to:

the time surrounding delivery.

You have just delivered a healthy newborn to a 35-year-old woman. There is a steady flow of blood from the vagina and her uterus feels soft upon palpation. Her vital signs are: heart rate 122, respirations 20, blood pressure 90/60 mmHg. Appropriate management of this patient includes: A) sanitary pads placed over the vagina and continued monitoring. B) two large-bore IVs and oxytocin administration. C) Trendelenberg position and administration of magnesium sulfate. D) low-flow oxygen and position of comfort.

two large-bore IVs and oxytocin administration.

A 32-year-old woman was the restrained passenger of a vehicle that hit a tree at a high rate of speed. She is 34 weeks pregnant and complains of excruciating abdominal pain. She is cool and diaphoretic and has a faint and rapid radial pulse. You suspect: A) traumatic onset of labor. B) uterine inversion. C) uterine rupture. D) premature rupture of membranes.

uterine rupture.

The second stage of labor begins:

with the complete dilation of the cervix.