VTNE MATH 1

An animal needs to be sedated with Dexmedetomidine. The patient weighs 2200, lbs and the dose that the clinician wishes to administer is 10 micrograms per kilogram. Dexmedetomidine is available as a 1 mg/ml solution. How many milliliters will be administered?

10 mL - it is very important to know that there are 1000 micrograms in 1 milligram. Similarly, there are 1000 milligrams in 1 gram. First, convert body weight to kilograms. 2200 lbs / (2.2 lbs/kg) = 1000kg 1000kg x (10 micrograms/kg) = 10,000 micrograms 10,000 micrograms / (1 milligram/1000 micrograms) = 10 milligrams (Notice the micrograms cancel out.) 10 mg / (1 mg/ml) = 10 ml

How many liters of 50% dextrose should be added to 5 liters of 0.9% saline to make a 5% dextrose solution?

0.5 L C(1)V(1) = C(2)V(2) C is the concentration V is the volume C(1) =0.5 V(1) = x C(2) = 0.05 V(2) = 5 L 0.5x = 0.05(5) x = 0.5 L 0.5 L of 50% dextrose should be added to one liter in order to make a 5% solution

A cat in end-stage renal disease is receiving Epoetin (2000u/mL). The dose is 100 u/kg. Your patient weighs 5.5 lb. How many units will you deliver?

250ml

A secretary maintains the accounts and writes the paychecks for a veterinary facility. Eight veterinary technicians earn $13 per hour. If everyone works 40 hours per week, what is the total amount of money needed for the payroll each week?

$4160

The veterinarian orders 4.4 mg/kg of Carprofen for pain control divided into two equal daily doses for a 50lb dog. On hand are 100mg scored tablets. How many tablets is/are administered each morning and afternoon? a. 2 b. 1 c. not enough information

.5 tablets in the morning and afternoon - 1 full tab in a day

A 45 kg Akita has been presented to your hospital for radiographs. The dog had a fracture repair 8 weeks ago and the veterinarian wants to use dexmedetomidine to sedate the dog so he is comfortable during the procedure. The dosage the veterinarian wants to use is 7 mcg/kg IV. The concentration of dexmeditomidine is 0.5 mg/ml. How much drug are you going to use?

0.63 mLs7 mcg divided by 1000 = 0.007 mg. 0.007 mg multiplied by 45 kg = 0.32 mg. 0.32 mg divided by 0.5 mg/ml = 0.63 mls.

A patient that is currently receiving 30 ml/hr of NaCl needs a medication added to the fluid bag. The clinician would like the patient to receive a total of 3 mg/kg/day of this medication. The medication comes in a 10 mg/ml solution. How many mL should be added to the bag if it is a 250 mL bag and the patient weighs 10kg?

1 mLA 10-kg patient will need 30 mg/day of the medication (10 kg x 3 mg/kg/day) Since the fluid is being administered at an hourly rate we need to figure out how much medication we are administering per hour. 30 mg/day / (24 hr) = 1.25 mg/hr To determine how much volume of the medication is needed the following math is performed: 1.25 mg/hr / (30 ml/hr) x (250 ml) = 10.4 mg (Notice how the units cancel out) 10.4 mg / (10 mg/ml) = 1 ml

"Pablo", a 66 pound Labrador mix, is in oliguric renal failure. The veterinarian has asked you to start a constant rate infusion of dopamine at 5 micrograms per kilogram per minute (ug/kg/min) and a fluid rate of 120 mL per hour. Dopamine comes in a concentration of 40 mg/mL. How much dopamine will you add to a liter of 0.9% sodium chloride solution?

1.86 mL1 66 pounds/2.2 pounds per kg = 30 kg 2) Calculate the number of hours an infusion will last by dividing the volume in the bag (1 Liter, or 1,000 mL) by the rate per hour: 1,000 mL/120mL/hr = 8.3 hours 3) Now take the number of hours (8.3) and multiply by 60 to calculate how many minutes this is: 8.3 X 60 = 498 minutes 4) Now plug into the equation: 5 ug/30kg/498min= 74,700 ug 5) Now convert the ug into mg by dividing by 1,000: 74,700/1,000 = 74.7 mg 6) Calculate the quantity of dopamine to add by now dividing the 74.7 mg by the concentration of the drug (40mg/mL) : 74.7mg/40mg/mL = 1.86 mL To be truly accurate when adding drugs to a bag like this, you should discard 1.86 mL of fluids from the bag prior to adding the 1.86 mL of dopamine.

The veterinarian prescribes the NSAID carprofen for a 50-pound dog with arthritis at a dose of 4.4 mg/kg and would like this dose divided into two equal daily doses. In your hospital, you stock 25mg, 75mg, and 100 mg chewable tablets. What will you dispense and what are the directions?

100 mg tablets- Give 1/2 tablet in the morning and 1/2 in the evening First, calculate the dose needed for this patient.50 pounds/2.2 pounds/kg (pounds cancel out) = 22.7 kg22.73 kg X 4.4 mg/kg (kg cancel out) = 100 mg total dose per day (the vet wants this divided into equal doses so now divide the dose in half)100 mg / 2 = 50 mg twice daily will be given So, the correct answer choice is 100mg tablets- Give 1/2 tablet (50mg) twice a day

You regularly order six 10-ml vials per month of a drug that has a concentration of 50 mg/ml. Now that same drug is only available in 20-ml vials of 10 mg/ml. How many vials should you order this month?

15 vials

How many milliliters should be administered to a 100-kg patient that needs 50 mg of a 2.5% solution?

2 mlPercent is equal to weight (in Grams) / 100 parts volume (in mLs) (This is based on water since 1 mL weighs 1 Gram): Example: A 3% solution: 3 Grams / 100 mL or 3000 mg / 100 mL or 30 mg/mL The easiest way to remember is to just add a zero onto any percentage for the milligrams (i.e. 2% solution = 20 mg/ml; 10% solution = 100 mg/ml, etc.) In this situation a 2.5% solution is equivalent to 25 mg/ml. Therefore: 50 mg / (25 mg/ml) = 2 ml

A veterinarian in a critical care unit determines that one calf was given the following intravenous (iv) solutions in a 24 hour period: 745 milliliters (mL) of 0.9% normal saline, 420 male of lactate ringers, 1,250 mL of 5% dextrose, and 15 mL of an antibiotic solution. How many total millimeters of IV solution did the patient receive?

2430 mL

How many milliliters of 25% dextrose should be added to 1 L of 0.9% saline to make a 5% dextrose solution? (% solution)

200 mL C(1)V(1) = C(2)V(2) C is the concentration V is the volume C(1) =0.25 V(1) = x C(2) = 0.05 V(2) = 1000 ml 0.25x = 0.05(1000) x = 200 ml 200 ml of 25% dextrose should be added to one liter in order to make a 5% solution

The lab receives a prescription order from the veterinarian. He wants the patient to take 40 milligrams (mg) of amoxicillin four times a day for 25 days. The lab has 20 mg amoxicillin tablets. How many tablets should the vet tech give to the client for the 25-day period?

200 tablets

How many milliliters of dextrose should be added to a 60 ml syringe of 0.9% NaCl to make a 2.5% dextrose solution? The patient weighs 20 kg, and the dextrose in the hospital comes in a 50% concentration.

3 mLs C(1)V(1) = C(2)V(2) C is the concentration V is the volume C(1) =0.025 V(1) = 60 ml C(2) = 0.50 V(2) = x 0.025(60)= 0.50x x = 3 ml Note that the body weight is completely unnecessary to calculate the answer to this problem. 200 ml of 25% dextrose should be added to one liter in order to make a 5% solution.

The attending veterinarian asks you to administer 120 mg of enrofloxacin (Baytril) IV slow over 20 minutes to a dog that is hospitalized in your clinic. The strength of injectable enrofloxacin is 2.27%, how many milliliters of drug will you administer?

5.3 ml A 2.27% solution is 22.7 mg/ml. 120 mg divided by 22.7 mg/ml = 5.3 mls

Indicate the tablets/capsules prescribed for the following order: Rx: Cephalexin capsules 250mg----Sig: 2 caps P.O., STAT; then 1 cap P.O., BID × 14 days

30 capsules

A 2-ounce bottle of Dermacool spray contains how many milliliters?

30 mL in one ounce. 2-ounce bottle X 30 mL/ounce = 60 mL

If you have 25% mannitol and you wish to give 500 mg per kg to a 15 kg dog, how much should you give?

30 mls. 25% corresponds to 250 mg/ml strength. At a dose of 500 mg/kg, the total dose for a 15 kg dog should be 7,500 mg, which divided by 250 mg/ml equals 30 mls.

A zookeeper gives a pot-bellied pig 1200 milligrams (mg) of Streptomycin in a 24-hour period. How many mg does he give the pig per dose if he gives the medication every 6 hours (q6h)?

300 mg

A 38-kg Great Dane is recovering from Gastric Dilatation Volvulus surgery. The doctor would like to send him home on Tramadol. The doctor requested that a prescription be filled out for 5 days at 3 mg/kg orally three times per day. How many pills should you send home?Tramadol is available in 50 mg tablets. Round to the nearest whole number a. not enough information b. 30 tabs c. 20 tabs

38 kg x 3 mg/kg = 114 mg114 mg / 50 mg = 2.28 (Rounding to the nearest whole number would be 2 tablets)If getting 2 tablets per dose, then 6 tablets per day are needed. Five days' treatment would be 30 tablets.

You are helping admit a patient to the hospital. Rudy is a 5-year old female spayed Yorkie with pancreatitis. The hospital is very busy and all of the fluid pumps are currently being used by other patients. You are asked to start fluids at 24mL/hr for Rudy. Calculate the drip rate for this patient. Her body weight is 8 pounds. The drop size for your administration set is 10 drops/mL.

4 drops/minuteFormulas for drop sizes per mL are as follows (you may wish to memorize these): 10 drops/mL: (mL/hr) / 6 = drops/minute 15 drops/mL: (mL/hr) / 4 = drops/minute 20 drops/mL: (mL/hr) / 3 = drops/minute 60 drops/mL: (mL/hr)/ 1 = drop/minuteIf you did not know this formula, or if you forget, just convert it using what you know. First convert hours into minutes: 24 mL per hour divided by 60 minutes in an hour: 0.4 mL per minute You administration set will give 10 drops per 1 mL. So, multiply 0.4mL/min X 10 drops/1mL (the mLs cancel out) = 4 drops/minute Now check your math: 4 drops per minute X 60 minutes in a hour (minutes cancel out)= 240 drops per hour Your set gives 10 drops in 1 mL. 240 drops/10 drops/mL (drops cancel out) = 24 mL per hour

A 7-kg Dachshund "Rudy" is being treated for pancreatitis and has been vomiting. You are asked to start him on a constant rate infusion of metoclopramide at 2 mg per kilogram per day (mg/kg/day). He is on a fluid rate of 23 mL/hr. Metoclopramide comes in a concentration of 5mg/mL. How much metoclopramide will you add to a liter bag of LRS? (CRI)

5 mL Constant rate infusions are not something that an entry level technician would typically perform. Convert pounds to kilograms Calculate the number of hours an infusion will last by dividing the volume in the bag (1 Liter, or 1,000 mL) by the rate per hour: 1,000 mL/23mL/hr = 43 hours We want to make sure the units match the equation in the problem which asks for mg/kg/DAY. So divide the hours by 24 (since there are 24 hours in a day): 43 hours/24 hours/day = 1.8 days 4) Now plug into the equation: 2mg/7kg/1.8 days= 25 mg 5) Calculate the quantity of metoclopramide to add by now dividing the 25 mg by the concentration of the drug (5 mg/mL) : 25mg/5mg/mL = 5 mL To be truly accurate when adding drugs to a bag like this, you should discard 5 mL of fluids from the bag prior to adding the 5 mL of metoclopramide

A 6.7 kg Chihuahua has been prescribed a 2 mg/kg/day constant rate infusion of metoclopramide. The metoclopramide is to be added to the intravenous fluids. If the metoclopramide is 5 mg/ml and the Chihuahua's fluid rate is 17 ml/hr, how many milliliters of metoclopramide should be added to a 250 ml bag of intravenous fluids? (CRI) a. 1.21ml b. 14.7ml c. 1.6ml

6.7 kg x 2 mg/kg/day = 13.4 mg/day13.4 mg/day / 24 hours/day = 0.56 mg/hour0.56 mg/hr / 5 mg/ml (conc. of metoclopramide) = 0.11 ml metoclopramide/hour250 ml/bag / 17 ml/hr = 14.7 hours of intravenous fluids/bag14.7 hours/bag x 0.11 ml metoclopramide/hour = 1.6 ml of metoclopramide/250 ml bag

A 5-year old Labrador has developed hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. The clinician has instructed you to start him on Metronidazole at a dose of 10 mg/kg intravenously twice daily. Metronidazole is available in a 5 mg/ml solution. How many milliliters are necessary per dose? The dog's body weight is 80 lbs.

73 mlFirst, convert the dog's body weight to kilograms. 80 lbs / (2.2 lbs/kg) = 36.4 kg Now determine how many milligrams are necessary per dose. 36.4 kg x (10 mg/kg) = 364 mg (notice the kilograms cancel out) Finally, determine how many milliliters are in 364 mg.

A veterinarian takes blood samples from cows fro brucellosis testing. One morning he fills 16 vacutainers (Vacuum Tubes) with 10 cubic centimeters (cc) of blood, 31 with 9.5 c.c. Of blood, 28 with 7 cc of blood, and 15 with 8.5 cc of blood. How many cc of blood did he obtain from all the cows?

778 cc

What quantity of drug is found in 200 mLs of a 10% solution? a. 2,000ml b. 40ml c. 20grams d. 20 ul

A 10% solution is equal to 100 mg/mL. The easiest way to remember this conversion is to add a zero to the percentage. (10%= 100 mg/mL, 15% = 150 mg/mL, etc.) If 1 mL is equal to 100 mg, then to find out the quantity of drug in 200 mLs, multiply 100 mg X 200 = 20,000 mg. There are 20,000 mg in 200 mLs of a 10% solution. But none of the choices are 20,000 mg. We need to go one step further and determine how many grams this is. 1 gram is equal to 1,000 mg. We need to divide the milligrams by 1,000. So, 20,000mg / 1,000 = 20 grams.

"Zoe", a 40 kg Labrador Retriever is recovering after a liver mass resection. The doctor asks you to start "Zoe" on a fentanyl constant rate infusion at 4 micrograms per kilogram per hour (ug/kg/hr). The concentration of fentanyl is 0.05mg/mL. The fluid rate is currently set at 100 mL/hour. How much fentanyl will you add to a liter of Normosol-R? (CRI) a. 32ml b. 3,200ml c. none the above

Calculate the number of hours an infusion will last by dividing the volume in the bag (1 Liter, or 1,000 mL) by the rate per hour: 1,000 mL/100mL/hr = 10 hours (If the problem asks for a dose per minute, you will need to multiply the hours by 60 to convert to minutes, but since this problem asks for ug/kg/HOUR, you do not need to further convert)4) Now plug into the equation: 4 ug/40kg/10 hours= 1600 ug5) Now convert the ug into mg by dividing by 1,000: 1600/1,000 = 1.6 mg6) Calculate the quantity of fentanyl to add by now dividing the 1.6 mg by the concentration of the drug (0.05 mg/mL) : 1.6mg/0.05mg/mL = 32 mL To be truly accurate when adding drugs to a bag like this, you should discard 32 mL of fluids from the bag prior to adding the 32 mL of fentanyl

A patient with a chest tube needs to have lidocaine administered via the tube to help with pain control. The patient weighs 80 lbs and needs 2 mg/kg of lidocaine administered. The doctor asks that the lidocaine be diluted in an equal volume of saline. The lidocaine comes in a 2% solution. How many total milliliters will you administer into the chest? a. 3.6ml b. 72.7ml c. 70ml

First convert the body weight to kilograms. There are 2.2 lbs in 1 kilo.80 lbs / (2.2 lbs/kg) = 36.4 kg Next, calculate the amount of lidocaine that needs to be given in mg.36.4 kg x (2 mg/kg) = 72.7 mg Percent is equal to weight (in Grams) / 100 parts volume (in mLs):

A 10-year-old male neutered Pug presents in respiratory distress and appears to be having an allergic reaction. He has hives and a swollen face. The doctor asks you to get epinephrine ready at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg. He weighs 9 kg. When you get the bottle of epinephrine from the refrigerator it says it is a 1:1000 solution. How many mLs will you draw up for this patient? a. .18ml/dog b. 1.8ml/dog c. 180ml/dog

First you have to understand what a 1:1000 concentration means. A 1:1000 solution is the same as saying 1 gram in 1,000 mL. And we know that 1 gram is equal to 1,000 mg. So it would be 1,000 mg: 1000 mL which is the same as 1 mg/mL (when the thousands cancel out). Next you take the patient's weight in kg X the dose: 9 kg/dog X 0.02 mg/kg (the kg cancel out) = 0.18 mg/dog Now divide the dose by the concentration: 0.18 mg/dog x 1mg/mL (mg cancel out) = 0.18 mL/dog

Tramadol is to be sent home with a 27 pound Beagle following a routine ovariohysterectomy. The veterinarian wants you to fill the prescription giving 2 mg/kg every 8 hours PO for 3 days. Tramadol comes in 50 mg tablets. How many tablets will you dispense? a. 5 tablet b. 5ml c. 10 tablets d. 10 ml

First you must convert pounds to kilograms dividing 27 by 2.2 = 12.2 kg. 12.2 kg multiplied by 2 mg/kg = 24.5 mg. This patient will get 1/2 tablet by mouth (25 mg) every 8 hours or 3 times daily. 0.5 tablet multiplied by 3 times daily is 1.5 tablets per day multiplied by 3 days is 4.5 tablets. The appropriate number of tablets to dispense is 5.

You want to give a pre-surgical dose of antibiotics to your patient. You have a 1 gram vial of cefoxitin that is reconstituted with 5 mls of sterile water. You want to give a 20 mg/kg dose to a 25 kg dog. How many mls do you give? a. 0.5ml b. 100ml c. 2.5ml

The resulting concentration of the cefoxitin solution is 1gm/5ml or 200mg/ml. The desired dose is 20mg/kg x 25 kg = 500 mg 200 mg/ml x ____ ml= 500 mg, Therefore the answer is 2.5 ml

You are asked to start a dog on maintenance fluids. The dog weighs 80 pounds. What fluid rate do you start on this dog? a. not enough information b. 8,000 c. 80ml d. 900ml e. 90ml

There are several ways to calculate maintenance fluids. Some are more accurate than others, with the more accurate ones requiring more complex math. Fortunately, in most patients, being off by a few milliliters does not adversely affect the patient. The most basic calculation to approxiamte maintenance rate fluids in a dog is: 60mL/kg/day80 pounds/2.2= 36 kg60mL X 36 kg = 2160 mL per day 2160 mL/24 hours in a day = 90 mL per hour

Fluid deficit formula a. Body weight in kg X % dehydration = Liters needed to re-establish hydration b. Body weight in mcg X % dehydration = Liters needed to re-establish hydration c. Body weight in mcg X % fluid rate = Liters needed to keep hydrated P under Anesthesia d. None the above

a

Buprenorphine is to be sent home with a 17 pound domestic long hair for pain following an abdominal exploratory surgery. The veterinarian would like the prescription to be 0.01 mg/kg PO QID PRN, dispense 12 syringes. If the concentration of buprenorphine is 0.3 mg/ml, what will you put on the label? a. 0.25ml b. 0.05ml

a - Give 0.25 mls by mouth every 6 hours as needed for 3 days. First you must convert pounds to kilograms dividing 17 by 2.2 = 7.7 kg. 7.7 kg multiplied by 0.01 mg/kg = 0.07 mg. 0.07mg divided by 0.3 mg/ml = 0.25 mls. The patient will recieve 0.25 mls by mouth (PO) every 6 hours (QID), and dispensing 12 syringes will provide 3 days worth of medication.

How many milliliters of dextrose should be added to a 60 ml syringe of 0.9% NaCl to make a 2.5% dextrose solution? The patient weighs 20 kg, and the dextrose in the hospital comes in a 50% concentration. ( % solution) a. 10ml b. 3ml c. 100ml

b - 3 mL C(1)V(1) = C(2)V(2) C is the concentration V is the volume C(1) =0.025 V(1) = 60 ml C(2) = 0.50 V(2) = x

A 20-kg patient is currently receiving 52 ml/hr of Lactated Ringer's Solution. The clinician has requested that 2 mg/kg/day of metoclopramide be added to the bag. Metoclopramide is available as a 5 mg/ml solution. How many milliliters do you need to add to a 1 liter bag? a. 8ml b. 6.5ml c. 32.6ml

b - A 20-kg patient will need 40 mg/day of metoclopramide (20 kg x 2 mg/kg/day) Since the fluid is being administered at an hourly rate, we need to figure out how much metoclopramide we are administering per hour. 40 mg/day / (24 hr) = 1.7 mg/hr To determine how much volume of metoclopramide is needed, the following math is performed: 1.7 mg/hr / (52 ml/hr) x (1000 ml)= 32.6 mg (Notice how the units cancel out.) 32.6 mg / (5 mg/ml) = 6.5 ml

You are recovering an 80 pound patient post-op and the dog is painful. The surgeon would like you to give a Fentanyl injection prior to starting the constant rate infusion. He asks you to give 4 micrograms per kg IV. Fentanyl concentration is 0.05 mg/mL. What quantity do you administer? a. 2,909ml b. 2.90ml c. 2.9ml d. .29ml

c - First convert to kg: 80 pounds/2.2 = 36.3 kg36.3 kg X 4 micrograms= 145 micrograms Now convert the microgram dose into milligrams:145 micrograms / 1,000 = 0.145 mg Now divide the dose by the concentration of the medication:0.145 mg/ 0.05 mg/mL = 2.9 mL